Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease outbreak in Qatar following travel to Umrah","authors":"Fatma Ben Abid ,&nbsp;Ajithkumar Valooparambil Ittaman ,&nbsp;Emad Basheir Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Walid Al-Wali ,&nbsp;Manal Mahmoud Mohamed Hamed ,&nbsp;Amal Abdellatif ,&nbsp;Masautso Chaponda ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jamil Khatatneh ,&nbsp;Alaa Hassan ,&nbsp;Hamad Eid H.R. Al-Romaihi ,&nbsp;Clement Kin-Ming Tsui ,&nbsp;Hamad Abdel Hadi ,&nbsp;Muna Al Maslamani","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Globally, reported cases predominantly belong to serogroups A, B, and C. Although serogroup W is less prevalent with regional distribution, it demonstrates shifting epidemiology linked to travel. Recently, multiple sporadic cases of serogroup W invasive disease were reported from Western countries following travel to the Middle East. In this case series, we describe a group of three unlinked cases of IMD within one week. Affected patients aged 8 months, 39 years, and 67 years and were all linked to recent travel to Umrah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with no recent vaccination in the two cases. Despite early management, there were two fatalities. By reporting these cases, we aim to raise awareness to urge public health authorities and policy makers to impose meningococcal vaccine prior to Umrah along with stringent infection control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 102945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of long COVID among U.S. children and adults during the omicron era – Tracking Post-COVID Conditions (Track-PCC) network, 2022–2023","authors":"Brian E. Dixon ,&nbsp;Katie S. Allen ,&nbsp;Nicole Simmons ,&nbsp;Jason Brinkley ,&nbsp;Jennifer G. Andrews ,&nbsp;Bari J. Dzomba ,&nbsp;Marina O. Feiler ,&nbsp;Resa M. Jones ,&nbsp;Miguel Reina Ortiz ,&nbsp;Vinita Sharma ,&nbsp;Alexandra F. Dalton ,&nbsp;Caroline Pratt ,&nbsp;Shaun J. Grannis ,&nbsp;Sharon H. Saydah ,&nbsp;for the Track PCC Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Long COVID, or Post-COVID Conditions (PCC), refers to new and persisting sequelae occurring in the months following an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although previous studies have reported estimates of PCC incidence, few have examined trends during the Omicron variant period or have included geographically distinct regions for the same time periods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Track PCC is a surveillance network, leveraging electronic health records and public health data to monitor incidence over time across five diverse geographic sites in the U.S. This study examines the incidence of PCC in children and adults during the Omicron predominance period (January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023) through April 2024. Incident conditions were identified using diagnostic codes for 49 conditions. Crude and adjusted incidence for the occurrence of PCC per 1000 person-days was calculated independently during three post-acute time periods: 31–90 days, 91–180 days, and 181–365 days. Incidence of PCC per 1000 person-days was also calculated by demographic and clinical characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Track PCC network included 438,491 adults and 85,264 children with COVID-19 during the Omicron period. PCC incidence was highest 31–90 days post-acute; range from 2.95 to 5.05 per 1000 person-days among adults and 1.53–3.15 per 1000 person-days among children. Incidence was higher among older patients and patients with 3 or more co-morbidities and generally stable across variant sublineage periods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These data suggest the PCC incidence following acute COVID-19 has not increased during the Omicron period. This is useful for understanding the burden of PCC and estimating demand of medical services following acute COVID-19 infections. PCC surveillance, including tracking the incidence of PCC, understanding patients at higher likelihood of developing PCC, and creating robust estimates, is critical to public health efforts to understand disease burden and guide prevention and treatment efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 102935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unexpected dengue outbreak in Taiwan, 2023: A retrospective analysis of potential risk factors","authors":"Ying-Wei Tung ,&nbsp;Zih-Syuan Yang ,&nbsp;Wen-Hung Wang ,&nbsp;Yun-Tzu Hsu ,&nbsp;Ching-I. Tsui ,&nbsp;Wanchai Assavalapsakul ,&nbsp;Arunee Thitithanyanont ,&nbsp;Chun-Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Day-Yu Chao ,&nbsp;Yen-Hsu Chen ,&nbsp;Sheng-Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Taiwan experienced a major dengue outbreak in 2023 following the relaxation of COVID-19 border controls. The contributing factors remained unclear. This study investigated potential virological, immunological, and clinical drivers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DENV) infections at a tertiary care hospital in southern Taiwan. Serotypes were identified by qRT-PCR. Viral origins were assessed through phylogenetic and envelope (E) gene amino acid analyses. Clinical features of DENV-1 and DENV-2 cases were compared. Neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) were evaluated using PRNT and ADE assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DENV-1 and DENV-2 were identified as the predominant circulating serotypes. Clinical analysis revealed that DENV-2 infection was significantly associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and elevated hematocrit levels (p &lt; 0.05), and these associations remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DENV-1 isolates belonged to genotypes I and IV, while DENV-2 strains were of the cosmopolitan genotype. These viruses clustered closely with strains from Southeast Asia. Amino acid analysis indicated that DENV-1 strains exhibited 2–10 substitutions relative to 2014 isolates, while DENV-2 strains closely matched those from 2015. Sera from the 2014–2015 outbreaks demonstrated potent homotypic but limited heterotypic neutralization. ADE was observed in heterotypic infection contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 2023 dengue outbreak in Taiwan was driven by co-circulation of DENV-1 and DENV-2, limited heterotypic immunity, and ADE. These findings highlight the importance of integrated virological surveillance, genotype monitoring, and immunological assessment to inform dengue control strategies in non-endemic regions experiencing imported viral threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 102939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness over 17 seasons in a large Japanese cohort: Analyses by age, virus type, underlying diseases and seasons before the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Naoki Kawai,&nbsp;Hideyuki Ikematsu,&nbsp;Takuma Bando,&nbsp;Takashi Kawashima,&nbsp;Shinro Matsuura,&nbsp;Tetsunari Maeda,&nbsp;Woon Joo Lee,&nbsp;Shin Nagao,&nbsp;Midori Yoshimura,&nbsp;Kazuo Mori,&nbsp;Osame Tanaka,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Doniwa,&nbsp;Ietaka Satoh,&nbsp;Seizaburo Kashiwagi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As populations age and influenza reemerges post-COVID-19, evaluating vaccine effectiveness (VE) across age groups, comorbidities, virus types, and seasons is increasingly important.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted annually by the Japan Physicians Association. Outpatients were registered with vaccination status before each influenza season and reported rapid antigen test results afterward. This analysis included 148,108 patients from 543 facilities across Japan during the 2002–2003 to 2018–2019 seasons. VE was estimated using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adjusted analyses showed significant protection in children ≤ 15 years and adults &lt; 65 years, with VE of 56 % and 51 %, respectively. VE remained significant through the 40 s (20–47 %) but declined in those ≥ 50 and was nearly absent in individuals ≥ 80, especially ≥ 90. VE was lower in patients with underlying diseases (24 %) than in those without (47 %), with non-overlapping 95 % confidence intervals. An exception was children with bronchial asthma: incidence in unvaccinated children with asthma was higher (24.2 %) than in those without comorbidities (12.9 %), and VE was also high (60 %). Adjusted VE against influenza A remained significant through the 40 s (35–56 %) and against influenza B through the 20 s (27–49 %). Unadjusted VE against influenza A declined from 40 % (2002–2009) to 15 % (2010–2019), possibly due to antigenic drift or egg adaptation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Seasonal influenza vaccines showed moderate effectiveness, especially in individuals &lt; 40 years and those without comorbidities. Effectiveness declined with age, underscoring the need for improved vaccines and targeted strategies for older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 102934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy program in the contemporary health care system: A narrative review of the evidence","authors":"Solomon Ahmed Mohammed ,&nbsp;Natasha Roberts ,&nbsp;David Nicolás ,&nbsp;Sean Unwin ,&nbsp;Menino Cotta ,&nbsp;Jason A. Roberts ,&nbsp;Fekade B. Sime","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program has become an established clinical practice globally, though its implementation varies across jurisdictions. This review explores the implementation of OPAT within contemporary healthcare systems. OPAT services are organised centrally or decentrally within healthcare systems or integrated into hospital-at-home programs. Usually, a multidisciplinary team implements OPAT programs for carefully selected suitable patients. The implementation of OPAT is expanding into higher-risk patient populations, such as those with substance use-related infections and superadded infections in terminal illnesses. Additionally, OPAT has evolved to support transitioning from parenteral to oral therapy, with appropriate follow-up and monitoring. However, several barriers hinder the accessibility of the service. Enhancing communication between patients and healthcare providers, expanding training, integrating telemedicine, and strengthening outcome registries are crucial to improving the accessibility and effectiveness of OPAT services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 102938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The outcomes of cryptococcal disease in HIV-positive individuals following COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Israa Abdullah Malli ,&nbsp;Sarah Ali Alqhtani ,&nbsp;Hannah Ghazi Abid ,&nbsp;Norah Ali Alqhtani ,&nbsp;Ghaida Essa Alharbi ,&nbsp;Lamar Hassan Aboaljadiel ,&nbsp;Roza Khalid Alharbi ,&nbsp;Tala Habib Aletani ,&nbsp;Taif Mohammed Alamri","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cryptococcal disease is considered a major cause of morbidity in individuals with HIV in resource-limited settings. The long-term effects of COVID-19 and cryptococcal coinfection among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) have not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the incidence of cryptococcosis among HIV-positive individuals following COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A thorough search was conducted across five databases on November 14, 2023, and updated on May 7, 2024. Observational and case reports on the clinical and pathological outcomes of cryptococcosis in HIV-positive individuals with COVID-19 were eligible. The authors extracted the study characteristics and main outcomes: mortality, prevalence, AIDS-defining diseases, combined cryptococcosis, and COVID-19 impact on hospitalization, in a standard Excel sheet.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 752 identified articles (40 in the initial search and six in the updated search), eight were selected. The minimum follow-up duration varied between the research periods, which was three months. The investigations comprised 5751 PLWHIV: 3830 were COVID-19-positive, 130 developed cryptococcosis, and two case reports revealed individuals with concomitant HIV, COVID-19, and cryptococcal infections. The meta-analysis pooled risk ratio (RR) for incidence was 0.21 (90 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–1.31) with high heterogeneity (<em>I</em> ² = 98 %), while the pooled risk for mortality was 1.49 (95 % confidence interval: 0.60–3.72), with moderate heterogeneity (<em>I</em>² = 65 %). The chi-squared test for heterogeneity (<em>X</em>² = 125.62, p-value &lt;0.00001) revealed considerable variation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cryptococcosis remains a rare but significant complication for PLWHIV following the COVID-19 infection. The data suggests a decrease in incidence risk while a probable increase in mortality. The observed heterogeneity and variability address the importance of enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions for this vulnerable population. Further research is essential to identify factors contributing to heterogeneity and develop effective strategies for managing cryptococcosis in PLWHIV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 102941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS): An upcoming application for pathogen identification in clinical diagnosis","authors":"Ao Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Wu ,&nbsp;Yaqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Lixian Pan ,&nbsp;Anbang Wang ,&nbsp;Chunchen Wu ,&nbsp;Jianbo Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and efficient detection of pathogens is a goal for clinical laboratories. Traditional methods such as post-culture identification, smear microscopy, antigen-antibody detection, and polymerase chain reaction cannot perform hundreds of high-throughput tests simultaneously. With the development of genetic engineering, next-generation sequencing technology has gradually been introduced into clinical testing. The new technology of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) has the advantages of high sensitivity, high efficiency, and relatively low cost. This review of articles on tNGS published in the past two decades summarizes tNGS workflow and clinical applications, compares it with traditional culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and highlights its role in detecting multiple pathogens in mixed infections and drug-resistance genes. It also elaborates on the latest guidelines and the quality control process. By highlighting the practical clinical use of tNGS, it offers insights for optimizing the detection of multiple pathogens in polymicrobial infections to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 102936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Salmonella spp. isolated from seagulls and pigeons in Barcelona, Spain and its genetic relatedness with Salmonella human clinical isolates","authors":"Andrea Vergara ,&nbsp;Tomás Montalvo ,&nbsp;Sara Sabaté ,&nbsp;José Luis Villanueva-Cañas ,&nbsp;David Vilanova ,&nbsp;Raquel Planell ,&nbsp;Ignasi Roca ,&nbsp;Clara Ballesté ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Hurtado ,&nbsp;Jordi Figuerola ,&nbsp;Raquel González ,&nbsp;Jordi Vila","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A better understanding of <em>Salmonella</em> epidemiology at the human-wildlife interface, emphasizing the importance of One Health strategies in controlling zoonotic disease transmission is needed. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological relationship between <em>Salmonella</em> spp. isolated from wild-living birds and human patients in Barcelona, Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The presence of <em>Salmonella</em> spp. was tested in faecal samples of young specimens of Yellow-legged gull (<em>Larus michahellis</em>, n = 129), Audouin's gull (<em>Ichthyaetus audouinii</em>, n = 97), and pigeon (<em>Columba livia</em>, n = 324) specimens. Similarly, 36 isolates of <em>S. enterica</em> serovar <em>Typhimurium</em> were collected from human patients. The isolates were characterised by chromosomal DNA analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or whole-genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All <em>Salmonella</em> isolates recovered from the bird samples were identified as <em>S. enterica</em> serovar <em>Typhimurium</em> with an overall prevalence of 3.1 % (17/550). Twelve isolates were recovered from 129 Yellow-legged gulls (9.3 %), 3 from 97 Audouin's gulls (3.1 %), and 2 from 324 pigeons (0.6 %). In total, 25/36 (69.5 %) human and 9/17 (52.9 %) bird samples were identified as monophasic species. The PFGE strain typing results with <em>Xba</em>I grouped <em>S. Typhimurium</em> monophasic isolates into eight different clusters. Three pairs of strains (one from a human and one from a seagull) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. All strains belonged to the same sequence type (ST34), and sequencing data confirmed that all strains analysed corresponded to the monophasic variant of <em>S. Typhimurium</em> and that both 13_13995 (Audouin's gull isolate) and 14_28806 (human isolate) strains were different in only 4 SNPs. The following acquired resistance genes were found in sequenced strains: <em>aph</em>(3'')-Ib, <em>aph</em>(6)-Id, <em>bla</em>_TEM-1, <em>sul</em>2 and <em>tet</em>(B).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results indicate that seagulls may act as reservoirs for S. Typhimurium and pose a potential risk of transmission to humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 102933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation evaluation of a school- and primary care-based multicomponent intervention to improve HPV vaccine coverage: Results from the PrevHPV randomized controlled trial","authors":"Aurélie Bocquier ,&nbsp;Maïa Simon ,&nbsp;Morgane Michel ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Bonnay ,&nbsp;Isabelle Adam ,&nbsp;Serge Gilberg ,&nbsp;Sébastien Bruel ,&nbsp;Aurélie Gauchet ,&nbsp;Anne-Sophie LeDuc-Banaszuk ,&nbsp;Amandine Gagneux-Brunon ,&nbsp;Judith E. Mueller ,&nbsp;Bruno Giraudeau ,&nbsp;Nathalie Thilly ,&nbsp;on behalf of the PrevHPV Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage (VC) remains lower than expected in France. The PrevHPV national research program aimed to codevelop and evaluate an intervention including three components: ‘education and motivation’ of adolescents in schools, ‘at-school vaccination’, ‘general practitioners (GPs)’ training’. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation outcomes of each component, whether they affected effectiveness, and identify factors influencing implementation in schools.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-method study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in 91 French municipalities (July 2021-June 2022). Quantitative data were collected through activity reports and questionnaires, and qualitative data through focus groups with school staff. The implementation outcomes were fidelity, dose, reach, acceptability and sustainability, as defined in the Medical Research Council guidance for process evaluation of complex interventions and Proctor et al.’s Implementation Outcomes Framework; the effectiveness outcome was HPV VC (≥ 1 dose) two months after the end of the intervention. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The fidelity, acceptability, and sustainability of all three components among participants who completed the intervention were high. However, the withdrawal of one-third of schools before the trial started and difficulties in mobilizing GPs negatively impacted the dose and reach outcomes. Estimates for the on-treatment analyses of the effectiveness were greater than those for which the dose of intervention received was not considered; ‘at-school vaccination’ (11.25 percentage points, p &lt; 0.001) and ‘GPs’ training’ (3.56 percentage points, p = 0.049) increased VC, while ‘education and motivation’ remained nonsignificant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Increasing HPV VC among adolescents could be achieved by combining interventions in both schools and primary care settings. This study provides practical implications for implementing such interventions in real life.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT 04945655. Registered 30 June 2021, <span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04945655</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 102931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 symptoms in a community sample: Exploratory study in two Chilean cities, 2023–2024","authors":"Xaviera Molina ,&nbsp;Camila Awad ,&nbsp;Muriel Ramírez-Santana ,&nbsp;Paola Rubilar ,&nbsp;Mauricio Apablaza ,&nbsp;Loreto Nunez-Franz","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 infection affects health, well-being, and the economy, especially considering the persistence of symptoms following an acute episode. This study aims to (1) estimate the frequency of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infections, (2) characterize symptoms compatible with post-COVID-19 conditions, and (3) explore risk factors for persistent symptoms among individuals from two Chilean cities diagnosed with COVID-19 at least once.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional exploratory study involved a convenience sample of individuals who participated in a prior seroprevalence study in Chile. Participants were recruited by phone between November 2023 and January 2024, and self-reported persistent COVID-19 symptoms using the modified Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, which assessed symptom severity and functional disability across three dimensions. Bivariate analysis explores the association between sociodemographic and health variables and reported symptoms using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Two Negative binomial models (Model 1: clinical factors and Model 2: clinical plus sociodemographic factors) evaluated factors associated with the severity of post-COVID-19 symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 144 participants successfully contacted, 83 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 80.7 % reported symptoms consistent with post-COVID-19. The most frequently reported symptoms were sleep disturbances (59.7 %), anxiety (59.7 %), and memory problems (58.2 %). Only three participants had received a formal post-COVID diagnosis, and none were receiving care through Chile’s universal post-COVID program. Symptom severity was significantly higher in women (p = 0.04), individuals with two or more COVID-19 episodes (p = 0.04), and those with comorbidities (p = 0.02). Negative binomial regression analysis indicated that multiple COVID-19 episodes were associated with greater symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A high percentage of participants experienced post-COVID-19 symptoms. Despite the high symptom burden, access to formal diagnosis and care was minimal, highlighting the need to strengthen diagnostic and management protocols within the Chilean healthcare system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}