Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive field investigation of a large botulism outbreak, Saudi Arabia, 2024","authors":"Saad Nasser Al Zuayr ,&nbsp;Shady Abdelrahman Kamel ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Saad Almutairi ,&nbsp;Yahya Abdullah AlAsseri ,&nbsp;Musa alfaifi ,&nbsp;Bader Alyahya ,&nbsp;Mohammad Al Deeb ,&nbsp;Hussein Ayaed Albogami ,&nbsp;Hamoud Marzouq Alrougi ,&nbsp;Rayyan Mohammad Saqah ,&nbsp;Abdulmohsen Mohammed Alahmad ,&nbsp;Abd Elelah Hamoud Almutairi ,&nbsp;Eman Elsayed Abd-Ellatif","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Botulism is an uncommon and possibly lethal disease caused by botulinum neurotoxins, produced by Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium baratii. Food-borne botulism typically results from consuming homemade canned, preserved, or fermented food. This paper presents the first documented occurrence of a commercially prepared food-borne botulism outbreak in Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used information from medical charts to describe the outbreak by time, place and affected persons. Individuals who consumed food from a specific restaurant chain in Riyadh within one week of its closure and experienced symptoms compatible with botulism were included. One hundred and two cases were interviewed. All clinical data, laboratory investigations, and information regarding antitoxin administration were obtained. We reviewed the results of samples collected from food handlers and the environment. The public health actions and the outbreak source investigations were detailed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 50 cases have met the criteria for clinically confirmed botulism. Laboratory testing verified 10 (20 %) of the confirmed cases. Half of the cases were males with a mean age of 25.08 ( ± 6.42) and the other half were females with a mean age of 25.28 ( ± 9.38). Saudi nationals represented 90 % of cases. All cases reported eating from different branches of the same restaurant in Riyadh. The mean incubation period ranged from 4 to 101 h. Prevalent symptoms were dysphagia (80 %), dysarthria (78 %), peripheral muscle weakness (78 %), and diplopia (62 %). 96 % of cases received Antitoxin. Consumed food items included meat burgers (58 %), chicken burgers (22 %), fries (52 %), fries with meat (10 %), and sauces (100 %). BoNT types A and B were detected in one sample from a mayonnaise jar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study outlined an outbreak of food-borne botulism associated with commercially processed items. The early administration of antitoxins, high index of suspicion, and effective source control considerably reduced morbidity and mortality. It is uncommon for mayonnaise to cause botulism, so further testing is necessary to confirm this relationship. We recommend higher measures of monitoring and improving the food sector's preservation, storage, and quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional and national trends in incidence and mortality of pertussis from 1990 to 2021 and the comparison before and during COVID-19: A modelling analysis","authors":"Shimo Zhang ,&nbsp;Sijia Wang ,&nbsp;Jue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pertussis, a contagious respiratory disease, has seen a global decline in cases due to vaccination but has resurged because of waning immunity, with further impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the disease burden of pertussis worldwide from 1990 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the GBD 2021, we extracted age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and death rates (ASDR) of pertussis and analyzed the trends of them through calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2021. Besides, we compared the EAPCs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the difference. Lastly, we investigated the association between age-standardized rates (ASR) and the socio-demographic index (SDI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990–2021, the global ASIR and ASDR of pertussis witnessed an annual decline of 2.57 % (95 %CI: 1.91–3.22 %) and 3.20 % (2.54–3.85 %) on average, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASR showed steep downward trends not only globally but also in diverse regions. Nevertheless, before the pandemic, Southern Sub-Sahara Africa witnessed upward trends in ASR, whose EAPCs were 0.85 % (0.67–1.02 %) for ASIR and 0.65 % (0.41–0.88 %) for ASDR. Additionally, a remarkable negative correlation was revealed between ASR and SDI (Regional level: r = -0.843; r = -0.885. National level: r = -0.621; r = -0.762. All <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001.), corroborating with the observation that regions and countries with lower SDI bore the higher disease burden.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>From 1990–2021, global burden of pertussis showed a downward trend, with significant drops during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, before the COVID-19, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa saw rising ASIR and ASDR, contrary to the majority. Besides, SDI was proved negatively correlated with ASR, indicating that low-SDI countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, faced high disease burden, which highlighted the need for improving immunization, surveillance, and healthcare resource allocation to control pertussis effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus pyogenes bloodstream infections in an Italian hospital: A ten-year genomic picture","authors":"Marta Corbella ,&nbsp;Cristina Merla ,&nbsp;Angela Kuka ,&nbsp;Irene Mileto ,&nbsp;Greta Petazzoni ,&nbsp;Chiara Rebuffa ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Brunco ,&nbsp;Stefano Gaiarsa ,&nbsp;Fausto Baldanti ,&nbsp;Patrizia Cambieri","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During 2022 and 2023, a large upsurge of cases of Group A <em>Streptococcus</em> (GAS) infection has struck many countries worldwide. This large epidemic event was caused by a diminished level of immunity after COVID-19 social restrictions and was fostered mainly by the <em>emm</em>1 genotype of the bacterium.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We characterized the genomes of the GAS isolates that caused bloodstream infections in the last ten years in a 900-bed hospital in Northern Italy. We obtained short-read genomes, which we used for <em>emm</em> typing and to analyze the antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene content. Moreover, we contextualized the isolates in an epidemiological point of view using both ortholog-based and SNP-based phylogeny.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the last ten years, we registered two upsurges of GAS cases in the study hospital: one in 2023 (in line with the global epidemiological situation), and one in 2016 (local, but observed also in another recent Italian study). The genomic analysis of the bloodstream infection isolates showed the circulation of multiple <em>emm</em> types, of which <em>emm</em>1, <em>emm</em>12, and <em>emm</em>4 characterized the two large epidemic events. Notably, the 2016 peak was mainly fostered by the M1_Global and <em>emm</em>4 genotypes, in contrast with the rise of M1_UK observed in the UK in the pre-pandemic years. Phylogeny analysis showed the presence of multiple monophyla of local strains. Despite our genomes being obtained from blood-culture isolates, we did not observe any increased presence of virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results further confirm the role of <em>emm</em>1 as the most prevalent genotype worldwide. However, we also unveiled the central role of genotype <em>emm</em>4 in the 2016 epidemic event, described in the study hospital. Finally, our results suggest the presence of multiple locally persistent strains. Among these, we underlined the presence of a multi-drug resistant strain of <em>emm</em>92.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102701"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virucidal activity of tiliacorinine, dioscorine, racemosol, and terrein against influenza A virus (H1N1), coronavirus 229E, SARS-CoV-2, and enterovirus 71","authors":"Akanitt Jittmittraphap ,&nbsp;Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong ,&nbsp;Piyawan Meechokedee ,&nbsp;Siriporn Chattanadee ,&nbsp;Narin Thippornchai ,&nbsp;Sanya Sureram ,&nbsp;Chulabhorn Mahidol ,&nbsp;Somsak Ruchirawat ,&nbsp;Prasat Kittakoop","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and Disease X, which was detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in early December 2024, underscore the importance of developing new virucidal, antiviral, and antimicrobial compounds. The virucidal activity of natural products, including tiliacorinine (<strong>1</strong>), dioscorine (<strong>2</strong>), racemosol (<strong>3</strong>), and terrein (<strong>4</strong>), against influenza A virus (H1N1), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and enterovirus 71 (EV71) were evaluated using the American Society for Testing and Materials E1053–20 method. Racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) from <em>Bauhinia malabarica</em> had the most potent virucidal activity against the H1N1, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, followed by terrein (<strong>4</strong>), a metabolite of the fungus <em>Aspergillus terreus</em>. Racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) exhibited virucidal activity with a log reduction of 4 (99.99 % viral reduction) against H1N1, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2 at a concentration of 0.1250 mg/mL. The alkaloids tiliacorinine (<strong>1</strong>) from <em>Tiliacora triandra</em> and dioscorine (<strong>2</strong>) from <em>Dioscorea hispida</em> exhibited weaker virucidal activity than racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) and terrein (<strong>4</strong>). Compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, and <strong>4</strong> showed weak virucidal activity against the EV71 virus, while racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) displayed moderate activity with a log reduction of 3.813 at the concentration of 0.1250 mg/mL. This work underscores the importance of natural products as sources of virucidal agents, which may be useful for the future threats of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine effectiveness of JCOVDEN single-dose against COVID-19 hospitalisation in Europe: An id.DRIVE test-negative case-control study","authors":"Chloé Wyndham-Thomas ,&nbsp;E. Claire Newbern ,&nbsp;Ainara Mira-Iglesias ,&nbsp;Akshat Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Alejandro Orrico Sánchez ,&nbsp;Andrés Antón ,&nbsp;Charlotte Martin ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Icardi ,&nbsp;Irma Casas ,&nbsp;Kok Yew Ngew ,&nbsp;Laura Drikite ,&nbsp;Leonie de Munter ,&nbsp;Gerrit Luit ten Kate ,&nbsp;Nikki Vroom ,&nbsp;Sebastian Baumgartner ,&nbsp;Susana Otero-Romero ,&nbsp;Xavier Holemans ,&nbsp;Kaatje Bollaerts ,&nbsp;Nicolas Praet","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>JCOVDEN (Ad26.COV2.S), a viral-vector vaccine, was granted conditional marketing authorisation in the European Union for the prevention of COVID-19 in early 2021. We present JCOVDEN single-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against COVID-19 hospitalisation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The id.DRIVE (previously COVIDRIVE) COVID-19 VE study is an ongoing European non-interventional, multi-centre study with a test-negative case-control design. Study participants were adults ≥ 18 years old, hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection between 1 May 2021 and 28 February 2023. Estimated as a single measure over the entire study period, VE was stratified by risk group, time since vaccination intervals (14 days-12 weeks, 12-to-25 weeks, 25-to-52 weeks, &gt;52 weeks), SARS-CoV-2 variant and calendar time categories. All estimates were adjusted for symptom-onset date, age, sex, and number of pre-defined chronic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, VE was 55.6 % (95 % CI 23.6; 74.2) for a median time since vaccination of 146 days. For 18- to 49-year-olds, VE was 61.6 % (95 % CI 16.2; 82.4), 57.7 % (95 % CI 3.4; 81.5) for 50- to-64-years-olds, and 40.8 % (95 % CI −6.0; 66.9) for ≥ 65-year-olds. Most precise estimates were obtained for time since vaccination 12-to- 25-week interval (59.2 % [95 % CI 25.0; 77.8]) and for the calendar time period 1 Aug 2021 −30 Nov 2021 (Delta predominant; 51.2 % [95 % CI 21.7; 69.6]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The JCOVDEN single-dose protected against COVID-19 hospitalisation. It is effective for at least six months, with VE estimates comparatively lower in the older age groups. Results had low to medium levels of certainty and are to be interpreted with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between respiratory pathogens and severe clinical outcomes in people living with HIV-1 and pulmonary infections: A 180-day longitudinal cohort study","authors":"Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Pan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenlan Zhang ,&nbsp;Boqi Li ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Biao Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Song ,&nbsp;Erik De Clercq ,&nbsp;Guangdi Li ,&nbsp;Fang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many respiratory pathogens have been identified in people living with HIV-1 and pulmonary infection, but their impact on clinical outcomes remains largely unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Metagenomic sequencing and traditional laboratory diagnostics were applied to identify bacterial, viral, and fungal respiratory pathogens. Clinical outcomes were assessed by (i) mortality or ICU transfer during hospitalization, and (ii) 30-day re-hospitalization and 180-day mortality after hospital discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Microbiological analyses of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens in 237 in-patients with HIV-1 and pulmonary infections revealed <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> (58 %) as the most prevalent respiratory pathogen, followed by <em>Cytomegalovirus</em> (39 %), <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosi</em>s (22 %), <em>Talaromyces marneffei</em> (17 %), and <em>Epstein-Barr virus</em> (16 %). Fifty-six patients (24 %) were coinfected with bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, referred to as bacterial+fungal+viral coinfections. Risk factors for bacterial+fungal+viral coinfections (RR=8.41, 95 %CI: 4.2–14.3), severe pneumonia (RR=13.6, 95 %CI: 8.14–19.3), and elevated C-reactive protein levels (RR=6.42, 95 %CI: 1.58–10.13) were significantly associated with mortality or ICU transfer during hospitalization. After hospital discharge, 38 patients (16 %) were rehospitalized within 30 days. Antiretroviral therapy reduced the risk of 30-day rehospitalization (HR=0.21, p = 0.01). During the 180-day follow-up, 13 patients (5.5 %) died. Survival analyses identified severe pneumonia and age ≥ 60 years as risk factors for 180-day mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple pulmonary coinfections are associated with severe outcomes in in-patients with HIV-1 infection. Effective management of both HIV-1 and pulmonary infections is crucial to reduce hospitalization rates and mortality risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 case fatality rate and infection fatality rate from 2020 to 2023: Nationwide analysis in Austria","authors":"Uwe Riedmann ,&nbsp;Alena Chalupka ,&nbsp;Lukas Richter ,&nbsp;Martin Sprenger ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Rauch ,&nbsp;Robert Krause ,&nbsp;Peter Willeit ,&nbsp;Harald Schennach ,&nbsp;Bernhard Benka ,&nbsp;Dirk Werber ,&nbsp;Tracy Beth Høeg ,&nbsp;John PA Ioannidis ,&nbsp;Stefan Pilz","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Comprehensive analyses of COVID-19 case fatality rates (CFRs) and infection fatality rates (IFRs) that span the entire pandemic are not yet available but critical to retrospectively evaluate the COVID-19 disease burden and its related public health policies. We used nationwide individual participant data from Austria, the continental country with the highest SARS-CoV-2 testing rate per capita, to calculate COVID-19 CFR and estimate IFR covering the entire pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective observational study included all Austrian residents and covered the time from February 2020 to May 2023, examining CFRs overall, monthly, and during dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant periods. CFRs were calculated for the whole population and stratified according to immunization status (presence of previous vaccination and/or infection), age, gender and nursing home residency. We additionally estimated the IFRs based on estimations of undocumented infections using a test positivity model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall CFR of 30-day COVID-19 mortality was 0.31 % but varied depending on month, with the highest being 5.9 % in April 2020 and the lowest 0.07 % in January 2022. The variant periods reflected this trend of decreasing CFR, with the highest for Wuhan-Hu-1 (2.05 %) and the lowest for BA.1 (0.08 %). Overall CFRs were particularly high in the group without any previous immunizing event (0.67 %), the elderly (85 + year group: 7.88 %) and in nursing home residents (7.92 %). Nursing home residents accounted for 30.82 % of all COVID-19 deaths while representing only 1.22 % of diagnosed infections. Total SARS-CoV-2 infections were estimated to be 47 % higher than confirmed cases with a corresponding overall IFR of 0.16 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This estimation of nationwide CFR and IFR across the entirety of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic gives crucial insights into the period-dependent variability of the severity of diagnosed COVID-19 cases and its risk factors. Our findings further underline the disproportionate severity of COVID-19 among the elderly and especially nursing home residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102698"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review, Meta-analysis, and Pan-genome analytics predict the surging of Brucella melitensis by China and India-specific strains, elucidating the demand for enhanced preparedness","authors":"Ashwini Mallappa ,&nbsp;Suresh Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa ,&nbsp;Rajeshwari Shome ,&nbsp;Sharanagouda S. Patil ,&nbsp;Raghavendra G. Amachawadi ,&nbsp;Kumar S.K. Mohan ,&nbsp;Sudarshan Peramachanahalli Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Varsha Ramesh ,&nbsp;Yamini Sri Sekar ,&nbsp;Hariprasad Thippeswamy ,&nbsp;Archana Veeranagouda Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Brucellosis is an infectious disease in lower to moderate-income countries. It primarily affects small ruminant (sheep and goat) populations and can also be transmitted to mammals (humans). <em>Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis)</em> is the primary cause, posing a zoonotic threat. Controlling the spread of <em>B. melitensis,</em> especially in regions with high risk to humans and small ruminants, remains challenging. Current research explores the prevalence, genetic diversity, and prediction of brucellosis transmission in ruminants and humans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we developed an integrated database providing information on <em>B. melitensis</em> incidence in livestock from 2003 to 2024 and a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence by following the Cochran collaborators’ Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using reputable sources. These included reputable sources of electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Biomed Central, CeRA, Krishikosh, ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global, and Web of Science, complemented by the Google Scholar search engine. We also utilized Zotero 5.0 and Rayyan QCR, two web-based tools. Time series model to predict incidence trends and pan-genomic analysis to determine genetic diversity across Asia and Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Meta-analysis revealed an overall prevalence of 12 % of which the African continent rose at 7 % (95 % CI: 5–8 %, I² = 99 %, τ² = 0.03, P = 0), while the corresponding prevalence in the Asian continent constituted 12 % (95 % CI: 11–14 %, I² = 99 %, τ² = 0.02, P = 0). The Time series model predicts a rising trend in brucellosis incidence from 2023 to 2030. The pan-genome analysis identified Rev 1 (0.000712) strain from China and the CIIMS-PH-3 (0.000209) strains from India showed the highest branch length, considered to have more genetic diversity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore the critical need for ongoing surveillance models and research to monitor the evolving <em>B. melitensis</em> landscape. High-prevalence regions exhibit significant genetic diversity. Effective prevention &amp; control and response &amp; preparedness strategies, including precise detection through advanced diagnostics, robust surveillance models to track trends, and targeted vaccination of susceptible animals, are vital. Stringent quarantine protocols, biosecurity measures, and exploring herbal remedies as a complementary approach to conventional treatment are crucial to mitigate the brucellosis burden as a public health concern and its socioeconomic impact on livelihood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of putative antibiotic resistance determinant and virulence factors genes of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from intensive care unit patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Faris A. Alanazi ,&nbsp;Khalid S. Almaary ,&nbsp;Turki M. Dawoud ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Tayeb ,&nbsp;Yahya B. Elbadawi ,&nbsp;Ayman S. Mubarak ,&nbsp;Ali M. Somily","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multidrug resistance <em>in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)</em> is a major global health threat. The resistance in <em>A. baumannii</em> is attributed to numerous factors, including antimicrobial resistance and virulence-determinant genes. Hence, the present study aimed to screen antibiotic resistance and virulence factors genes in 67 <em>A. baumannii</em> strains isolated from patients admitted to several hospitals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates were confirmed by the VITEK-2 automated system and 16S rRNA phylogenetic relatedness. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of these isolates were also analyzed using conventional and molecular methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our finding showed that 94 % of isolated strains were MDR, and more than 94 % were resistant to the β-lactams group, particularly carbapenems, and the ciprofloxacin group. An intermediate resistance pattern was obtained with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71.6 %) and gentamicin (59.7 %). The lowest resistant patterns showed with colistin (5 %). The distribution of of resistance genes <em>oxa</em>-<em>23</em>, <em>imp</em>-<em>like</em>, <em>oxa</em>-<em>24</em>-<em>like</em>, <em>tem</em>, <em>oxa</em>-<em>40</em>, <em>carb</em>, <em>oxa</em>-<em>58</em>, <em>floR</em>, <em>dfrA1</em> and <em>qnrS</em> were 100 %, 76.1 %, 64.1 %, 25.3 %, 23.8 %, 16.4 %, 14.9 %, 44.7 %, 5.9 % and 2.9 %, respectively. The distribution of virulence genes <em>baP</em>, <em>pld</em>, <em>paaE</em>, and <em>surA1</em> was 98.5 %, followed by <em>basD</em>, <em>traT</em>, <em>Omp33–36</em>, and <em>bauA</em> were 97 %, 77.6 %, 74.4 %, and 64.1 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study showed a strong relationship between virulence factors, especially biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii in human infections around the Red Sea","authors":"Ayan A. Ragueh ,&nbsp;Ibrahim S. Abdallah ,&nbsp;Rachid M. Mouhoumed ,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Aboubaker ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Rolain ,&nbsp;Seydina M. Diene","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence and global spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) is of great concern to public health. Carbapenemase enzymes, which can hydrolyse almost all <em>β</em>-lactams, can be readily transferred between bacterial species through recombinant plasmids, transposons, or integrons. Human infections caused by CPB have limited treatment options and are associated with high mortality rates. These enzymes are mainly identified among <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and non-fermenter bacteria such as <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> and are associated either with hospital- or community-acquired infections. Located at the crossroads of the Middle East, Europe, and Africa, the countries around the Red Sea are of interest due to their great diversity and mix of populations. This review aims to describe the epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and <em>A. baumannii</em> around the Red Sea, with country-specific findings. In this study, we emphasise the urgent need to screen for and detect these enzymes to prevent their spread and to maintain control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}