Non-mumps parotitis associated with influenza A/H3N2: A case series from Southern Italy during the 2024–2025 influenza season

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102907

Francesca Centrone , Raffaella Melilli , Alfredo Marziani , Valentina Annachiara Orlando , Lucia Peccarisi , Daniele Casulli , Anna Sallustio , Maria Chironna

{"title":"Non-mumps parotitis associated with influenza A/H3N2: A case series from Southern Italy during the 2024–2025 influenza season","authors":"Francesca Centrone , Raffaella Melilli , Alfredo Marziani , Valentina Annachiara Orlando , Lucia Peccarisi , Daniele Casulli , Anna Sallustio , Maria Chironna","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102907","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parotitis, commonly associated with the mumps virus, can also result from other viral infections. We report a case series of 21 children and preadolescents presenting with mumps-like parotitis in Southern Italy between January and February 2025, all of whom had been vaccinated against mumps. In all cases, mumps virus was not detected by real-time PCR in clinical samples. Alternative etiologies were investigated by testing for a broad panel of pathogens. Viral infections were identified in 16 cases (76.2 %), with influenza A/H3N2 being the most common pathogen (14 cases, 87.5 %), followed by rhinovirus and coronavirus NL63. Of the 14 patients positive for influenza A/H3N2, 10 had received influenza vaccine. Whole genome sequencing of A/H3N2 viruses from three samples was performed, and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene revealed that they belonged to the A/H3N2 subclade 2a.3a.1 (J.2), clustering with other regional viruses from the 2024 ̶ 2025 season. No unexpected genetic variations were found in target genes that would suggest changes in tissue tropism. Given the emergence of influenza A/H3N2 as a potential etiological agent of non-mumps parotitis, particularly during epidemic periods, enhanced surveillance and comprehensive diagnostic approaches are needed to improve understanding of the epidemiology of non-mumps parotitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 102907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125002564","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Parotitis, commonly associated with the mumps virus, can also result from other viral infections. We report a case series of 21 children and preadolescents presenting with mumps-like parotitis in Southern Italy between January and February 2025, all of whom had been vaccinated against mumps. In all cases, mumps virus was not detected by real-time PCR in clinical samples. Alternative etiologies were investigated by testing for a broad panel of pathogens. Viral infections were identified in 16 cases (76.2 %), with influenza A/H3N2 being the most common pathogen (14 cases, 87.5 %), followed by rhinovirus and coronavirus NL63. Of the 14 patients positive for influenza A/H3N2, 10 had received influenza vaccine. Whole genome sequencing of A/H3N2 viruses from three samples was performed, and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene revealed that they belonged to the A/H3N2 subclade 2a.3a.1 (J.2), clustering with other regional viruses from the 2024 ̶ 2025 season. No unexpected genetic variations were found in target genes that would suggest changes in tissue tropism. Given the emergence of influenza A/H3N2 as a potential etiological agent of non-mumps parotitis, particularly during epidemic periods, enhanced surveillance and comprehensive diagnostic approaches are needed to improve understanding of the epidemiology of non-mumps parotitis.

查看原文本刊更多论文

与甲型H3N2流感相关的非腮腺炎腮腺炎：2024-2025年流感季节意大利南部的病例系列

腮腺炎通常与腮腺炎病毒有关，也可由其他病毒感染引起。我们报告了2025年1月至2月在意大利南部出现的21例腮腺炎样腮腺炎儿童和青春期前儿童的病例系列，所有这些儿童和青少年都接种了腮腺炎疫苗。在所有病例中，临床样本均未检测到腮腺炎病毒。通过广泛的病原体检测来调查其他病因。病毒感染16例（76.2 %），以甲型流感/H3N2最常见（14例，87.5 %），其次为鼻病毒和冠状病毒NL63。在14例流感A/H3N2阳性患者中，有10例接种了流感疫苗。对3个样本的A/H3N2病毒进行了全基因组测序，血凝素（HA）基因的系统发育分析显示它们属于A/H3N2亚支2a.3a.1（J.2），与2024 - 2025季节的其他区域性病毒聚集在一起。在靶基因中没有发现意外的遗传变异，这表明组织趋向性发生了变化。鉴于甲型流感/H3N2作为非腮腺炎腮腺炎的潜在病原体的出现，特别是在流行期间，需要加强监测和综合诊断方法，以提高对非腮腺炎腮腺炎流行病学的了解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.50%

发文量

203

审稿时长

96 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.