Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Simulated Tooth Brushing on Surface Roughness, Gloss, and Color Stability of Milled and Printed Permanent Restorative Materials.","authors":"Omar O Bataweel, Jean-Francios Roulet, Mateus G Rocha, Panagiotis Zoidis, Patricia Pereira, Alex J Delgado","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated the effects of simulated toothbrushing on surface roughness, gloss, and color stability of milled and printed resin-based and lithium disilicate materials for permanent dental restorations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Five materials were tested, including CAD/CAM prepolymerized resin blocks, a ceramic material, a resin composite and a newly FDA-cleared 3D-printed resin for permanent crowns. Specimens underwent a controlled brushing protocol simulating 5 years of brushing (50,000 cycles). Surface roughness (R_a), gloss (GU), and color stability (ΔE) were measured at baseline and after 10,000, 30,000, and 50,000 cycles using an optical profilometer, glossmeter, and spectrophotometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzed surface morphology post-brushing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ceramic materials exhibited superior resistance to surface roughness and gloss loss, maintaining high esthetic properties (p < 0.001). In contrast, 3D-printed resin materials showed notable increases in surface roughness and gloss reduction, reflecting a higher susceptibility to wear. Resin composites demonstrated variable performance, with direct-use composites performing worse than their CAD/CAM milled counterparts. Glossed ceramic materials exhibited clinically acceptable color changes, while all other groups exceeded thresholds, posing potential esthetic challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Milled materials, particularly ceramics, demonstrated superior durability and esthetic retention. Optimization is needed for 3D-printed resin materials to enhance their mechanical and esthetic properties for long-term use. These findings guide material selection for durable, esthetic dental restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translucency of CAD-CAM Resin Composite Blocks: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Mauro Mandurino, Carlo Massimo Saratti, Carlotta Diana, Andrea Sobrero, Enrico Felice Gherlone, Giuseppe Cantatore, Alessandro Vichi, Gaetano Paolone","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aimed to evaluate the impact of factors influencing the translucency of CAD-CAM resin composite blocks (CAD-CAM RCB).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was performed on four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science). Search terms were \"translucency,\" \"light transmission,\" \"contrast ratio,\" \"polymer infiltrated,\" \"polymer-based,\" \"resin-nanoceramic,\" \"hybrid composite,\" \"hybrid ceramic,\" \"resin infiltrated,\" \"computer aided,\" \"cad,\" \"cam,\" \"cad-cam,\" \"cad/cam.\" Inclusion criteria were in vitro and laboratory studies published in the English language until January 27, 2025, without initial time restriction, evaluating the translucency of CAD-CAM RCB. Exclusion criteria included studies not calculating the translucency parameter (TP) or contrast ratio (CR) and/or not using a spectrophotometer to obtain color coordinates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 621 initial records, 15 studies were included in the review after screening. Eleven composite blocks were investigated, with Cerasmart (GC) and Lava Ultimate (3M Espe) being the most frequently analyzed. Specimens' thickness varied between 0.5 and 3 mm, with 1 mm being the most commonly studied thickness. The translucency of CAD-CAM resin composite blocks decreases exponentially with thickness and is mainly influenced by filler size, opacifiers, and refractive index consistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A negative exponential relationship exists between the thickness of CAD-CAM RCBs and their translucency. Moreover, the material's translucency is highly dependent on its chemical composition and filler size.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Understanding translucency's dependence on thickness and composition helps the clinician in selecting the proper CAD-CAM material for optimal esthetic and functional dental restorations. Since CAD-CAM RCBs show higher translucency values when compared to other materials such as lithium disilicate, PICN and zirconia, clinicians should consider higher restoration thickness especially when seeking for masking ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary Approaches to Restoring Single-Tooth Implants in the Esthetic Zone.","authors":"Brian P LeSage, Oded Bahat","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To briefly review and summarize significant clinical, functional, esthetic, and periodontal characteristics that are essential to multidisciplinary case analysis and treatment planning for single-tooth replacement in the esthetic zone with an implant-supported prosthesis.</p><p><strong>Clinical considerations: </strong>A patient's preoperative condition (e.g., bone quality/quantity, gingival biotype, macro-/micro-esthetic features) significantly affects the stability, function, and esthetics of the anticipated implant-supported prostheses and, therefore, must be comprehensively evaluated after acquiring thorough diagnostic data. Understanding the immediate and long-term implications of diagnostic findings before undertaking any procedures enables critical assessment and step-by-step execution of the most appropriate interventions, surgeries, and prosthetic designs for greater esthetic and functional treatment predictability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collaborative and interdisciplinary treatment planning among the restorative dentist, implant surgeon, and laboratory ceramist is the foundation for achieving successful outcomes when undertaking a single-tooth replacement with an implant-supported prosthesis in the esthetic zone. It enables the identification and skilled execution of specific procedures, selection and sequencing of dental implant-related surgeries and temporization techniques, and design and delivery of the ideal implant-supported prosthesis to satisfy the patient's and team's treatment objectives.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Critically informed differential treatment planning through multidisciplinary collaboration enhances treatment predictability, esthetic outcomes, and functional success while simultaneously reducing potential immediate and delayed complications, thereby helping to ensure the feasibility of achieving anticipated results.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragment Reattachment: A Conservative Approach to Restoring Traumatic Fractures in Anterior Dentition.","authors":"Abdi Sameni, Mehrdad Razaghy, Kiarash Karimi, Isabella Popeil Gantman, Gustavo Mussi Stefan Oliveira","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tooth fragment reattachment is a conservative approach for treating various types of traumatic dental injuries. This review examines the classification of the traumatic dental injuries, provides a detailed description of the steps involved in fragment reattachment, and discusses the factors influencing its success, along with potential complications.</p><p><strong>Overview: </strong>Clinicians should be familiar with the types of traumatic dental injuries and their signs and symptoms to establish an accurate diagnosis. Proper hydration of the tooth fragment is essential for optimal reattachment through bonding procedures. Techniques for preparing the fragment and tooth remnant vary in effectiveness, and it is generally accepted that combining adhesive systems with composite resin as the intermediate material is often the most effective option. It is important to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this treatment option with patients to help them make an informed decision suited to their specific situation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tooth fragment reattachment should be considered the preferred technique when the fragment is available and viable. Despite differences in techniques and materials, reattachment appears to show a survival rate comparable to direct composite restorations. Regular and frequent follow-up appointments are essential to monitor for potential complications.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Tooth fragment reattachment is a conservative treatment option available to patients. Due to significant advancements in adhesive dentistry, fragment reattachment can be offered as a definitive treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Brushing With At-Home Bleaching Gel on Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration and Color Change: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Laryssa Mylenna Madruga Barbosa, Taynara de Souza Carneiro, Michael Willian Favoreto, Alessandra Reis, Sônia Saeger Meireles, Alessandro D Loguercio","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of active at-home bleaching gel application through brushing on hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration and color change compared to passive application.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-five premolars were divided into five groups: no treatment; passive application of 10% carbamide peroxide gel (10% CP) 28 times for 180 min (28 AH); and active brushing of 10% CP once (1 TB), 28 times (28 TB), and 120 times for 90 s each (120 TB). Brushing was performed using soft-bristled toothbrushes on stabilized specimens. HP penetration was assessed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, and color change was assessed by spectrophotometer. ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnett's tests were used (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 120 TB group showed the highest HP penetration (0.022 ± 0.023 μg/mL) (p < 0.05), while the 28 AH (0.009 ± 0.008 μg/mL) and 28 TB groups (0.003 ± 0.003 μg/mL) yielded intermediate, similar results. A similarly high color change was observed in the 28 AH (ΔE_ab = 12.8 ± 1.2; ΔE₀₀ = 11.2 ± 1.4; ΔWI_D = 22.8 ± 3.2), 28 TB (ΔE_ab = 13.2 ± 4.5; ΔE₀₀ = 9.5 ± 2.7; ΔWI_D = 16.7 ± 2.0), and 120 TB groups (ΔE_ab = 10.8 ± 1.8; ΔE₀₀ = 7.5 ± 3.2; ΔWI_D = 19.3 ± 3.4), significantly greater compared to the 1 TB (ΔE_ab = 1.8 ± 0.2; ΔE₀₀ = 1.2 ± 0.4; ΔWI_D = 1.7 ± 0.7) (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This in vitro study demonstrates that the active application of 10% CP for 42 min can achieve HP penetration and bleaching efficacy comparable to a passive four-week regimen (28 × 180 min).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This preliminary study suggests that brushing with at-home bleaching gel can achieve a similar hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber and color change as traditional at-home bleaching, but in shorter application times.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and Finalizing Ovate Pontic Sites Utilizing Digital Technology.","authors":"Elizabeth M Bakeman, John C Kois","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Due to the fluid and changing nature of oral soft tissue, creating an ovate pontic in both the provisional and final phases can be challenging. This article will explain the advantages of a digital workflow to streamline ovate pontic design, approval, and fabrication of the final prosthesis.</p><p><strong>Clinical considerations: </strong>The factors influencing the design of an ovate pontic will be presented for both an existing edentulous site and an immediate extraction site. Digital tools can simulate an extraction, allowing precise measurement of the proposed pontic position and dimensions. The development of idealized contours and esthetics in the provisional restoration facilitates soft tissue scaffolding during the healing phase. Additionally, digital tools enable the approved design to be more easily duplicated in the definitive restoration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Digital technologies can be useful in providing efficient and effective solutions for designing and communicating idealized subgingival contours of ovate pontics, thereby streamlining design and fabrication in both the provisional and final stages.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The digital protocol described offers a predictable and practical workflow for efficiently and effectively designing and finalizing an ovate pontic.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychosocial Impact on Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ): The Effect of Sociodemographic Variables on Results in a Spanish Adult Population. An Observational and Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Cristina Gómez-Polo, Manuel Antonio Sánchez de Martín, Ana María Martín Casado","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13449","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;(1) Describe and categorize the scores obtained by the study sample for the PIGAQ as a whole and each of its subscales; (2) compare the psychosocial impact of self-perceived gingival aesthetics shown by the results for each subscale, determining which subscale shows the greatest impact, in relation to each of the following variables: gender, age, educational level, and involvement with the dentistry profession (non-professionals/professionals).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This observational and cross-sectional study is based on in-person interviews conducted by 10 trained operators, who administered the PIGAQ and collected data on gender, age, educational level, and connections to the dental profession in an adult (18-85 years) Spanish population. The data were collected over a 6-month period in 2024 in several regions of Spain. The main research outcome was the PIGAQ questionnaire (Likert scale) comprising 20 items in four subscales: gingival self-confidence (GSC), social impact (SI), psychological impact (PI), and aesthetic concern (AC), with a total score of 0-80 points. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v.28).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the sample, the subscale where self-perceived gingival aesthetics showed the highest negative impact was GSC, whereas the lowest negative impact was recorded for the SI subscale (with 36.5% and 1.0% of participants' scores representing a large negative impact, respectively). Significant psychosocial engagement with their gingival aesthetics was recorded for 5% of the study population (41-80). Total PIGAQ scores were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher (a greater negative psychosocial impact) in participants who were male (21.23), aged 60 or over (23.83), not involved with the dental profession (19.90) and had only completed compulsory education (25.08). A significantly higher negative impact (p &lt; 0.05) was recorded for participants aged 60 or over in the GSC (13.13), PI (4.88), and AC (2.96) subscales than for other age groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The negative psychosocial impact of self-perceived gingival aesthetics is low, with the highest impact recorded for the GSC subscale, and lower impacts experienced by participants who were female, aged under 26, had university-level education, and were involved with the dental profession.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical significance: &lt;/strong&gt;Data are lacking on the psychological and social impacts suffered by patients who are dissatisfied with their gingival aesthetics, and how these impacts relate to sociodemographic variables. To date, no research has been published addressing this issue in the Spanish population. Only 5% of the population gained high scores on the PIGAQ, with most negative impacts related to self-confidence in their gingival aesthetics. The variable that most negatively affected PIGAQ scores was age, although this effect was limited. Particular attention should be paid to male patients over 60 years wit","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Personalized 4D Workflow for the Manufacturing of Functional and Removable Esthetic Devices: A Technical Report.","authors":"Mauro Merli, Luca Aquilanti, Alessio Casucci, Michele Nieri, Giorgia Mariotti, Marco Merli, Giorgio Rappelli","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This technical report describes a fully digital workflow for the manufacturing of a functional removable esthetic device (FRED) that addresses multiple clinical scenarios before prosthetic rehabilitation. The proposed method integrates advanced digital tools to achieve functional and esthetic outcomes while ensuring reversibility and patient comfort.</p><p><strong>Clinical considerations: </strong>The workflow includes intraoral and facial scanning, jaw motion tracking, and CAD/CAM technology to create a 4D virtual patient. This allows for a precise recording of the maxillomandibular relationship and facilitates the determination of the comfort position to establish a new occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). FRED is a custom-designed, removable, tooth-colored device manufactured to provide temporary functional support, esthetic preview, catering to different clinical scenarios, including tooth wear, occlusal trauma, and periodontal conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This technique combines digital and traditional prosthetic principles into a patient-centered, adaptable workflow, allowing precise, non-invasive, and dynamic evaluation of OVD modifications. By integrating digital recording, facial scanning, and CAD/CAM fabrication, it enhances function, esthetics, and patient comfort.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This technique highlights the synergy of digital innovation and prosthetic principles, enhancing diagnostic capabilities and treatment predictability. The patient-centered design supports functional stability and esthetic outcomes, making it a valuable tool in modern prosthetic dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced 3D Insights Into the Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic-Filled Hybrid Endocrowns With Variable Preparations.","authors":"Izim Turker Kader, Safa Ozer, Burcin Arican","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the influence of different preparation designs on the marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed permanent endocrowns using circumferential 3D analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Maxillary right first molar typodont teeth were prepared with four designs (n = 12); Group 1-butt joint & 2 mm pulp chamber, Group 2-butt joint & 4 mm pulp chamber, Group 3-shoulder & 2 mm pulp chamber, and Group 4-shoulder & 4 mm pulp chamber. Teeth were scanned, replicated as 3D-printed master dies, and restored with 3D-printed ceramic-filled hybrid endocrowns. After seating with Fit Checker, superimposed scans were analyzed circumferentially at standard points. Marginal, internal, pulp chamber, and overall gap values were measured from mesiodistal, buccolingual, and oblique sections. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way anova and post hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Margin design and pulp chamber depth interactions revealed significant differences (p < 0.05). The least marginal fit was in Group 2, while the best internal and overall fit was in Group 3 (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different preparation designs have an impact on the fit of endocrowns. A shoulder margin design and a 2-mm pulp chamber depth exhibited a better internal fit of 3D-printed ceramic-filled hybrid endocrowns through circumferential 3D analysis.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Circumferential 3D analysis reveals that variable preparation designs significantly influence the fit of endocrowns, guiding clinicians in selecting optimal designs for improved clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Accuracy, Reliability, Consistency, and Readability of Different Large Language Models in Restorative Dentistry.","authors":"Zeyneb Merve Ozdemir, Emre Yapici","doi":"10.1111/jerd.13447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, consistency, and readability of responses provided by various artificial intelligence (AI) programs to questions related to Restorative Dentistry.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-five knowledge-based information and 20 questions (10 patient-related and 10 dentistry-specific) were posed to ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4o, Chatsonic, Copilot, and Gemini Advanced chatbots. The DISCERN questionnaire was used to assess the reliability; Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scores were utilized to evaluate readability. Accuracy and consistency were determined based on the chatbots' responses to the knowledge-based questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4o, Chatsonic, and Copilot demonstrated \"good\" reliability, while ChatGPT-3.5 and Gemini Advanced showed \"fair\" reliability. Chatsonic exhibited the highest \"DISCERN total score\" for patient-related questions, while ChatGPT-4o performed best for dentistry-specific questions. No significant differences were found in readability among the chatbots (p > 0.05). ChatGPT-4o showed the highest accuracy (93.3%) for knowledge-based questions, while Copilot had the lowest (68.9%). ChatGPT-4 demonstrated the highest consistency between repetitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Performance of AIs varied in terms of accuracy, reliability, consistency, and readability when responding to Restorative Dentistry questions. ChatGPT-4o and Chatsonic showed promising results for academic and patient education applications. However, the readability of responses was generally above recommended levels for patient education materials.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The utilization of AI has an increasing impact on various aspects of dentistry. Moreover, if the responses to patient-related and dentistry-specific questions in restorative dentistry prove to be reliable and comprehensible, this may yield promising outcomes for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}