Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in persons living with HIV initiated on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral regimen in Ghana: an observational longitudinal study.","authors":"Margaret Lartey, Ernest Kenu, Vincent Ganu, Stephen Ayisi Addo, Kofi Agyabeng, Delia Bandoh, Marijanatu Abdulai, Prince Tsekpetse, Kwasi Torpey","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00695-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00695-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have reported hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in patients on dolutegravir (DTG) treatment. This study determined the effect of DTG on fasting blood glucose levels in a cohort of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ghana and initiating DTG regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-year observational longitudinal cohort study conducted from 12th October 2020 to 31st December 2022. Fasting blood glucose was measured at baseline, 12, 24, 36 and 72 weeks for patients after a 12 h overnight fast. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to estimate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cox proportional hazard model was used in estimating hazard ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1334 non-diabetic patients were enrolled with 78% (1039) females and 83% (1104) were antiretroviral therapy experienced. The incidence proportion and rate of T2DM at 72 weeks were 11.8% (95%CI: 10.2-13.7) and 98.1 cases per 1000 PY (95%CI: 83.9-114.6) respectively. The median time to development of T2DM was 24 weeks post DTG initiation. Male sex (aHR 2.9 [95%CI: 1.9-4.3]), abnormal waist-hip ratio (1.67 [95% CI: 1.15-2.43]) and abnormal total serum cholesterol (aHR 1.6 [95%CI: 1.1-2.3]) were found to be significant determinants of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incidence of T2DM is high among non-diabetic PLHIV within 72 weeks of initiating DTG based therapy with males having a higher risk. Longitudinal changes in waist-hip ratio and serum cholesterol among patients initiated on DTG needs to be monitored regularly.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of inadequate HIV knowledge and its associated factors among the Malaysia general population: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2020.","authors":"Muhammad Azri Adam Adnan, Norhafizah Sahril, Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak, Norliza Shamsuddin, Mohd Hazrin Hasim Hashim, Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00689-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00689-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inadequate knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is underscored as a key factor contributing to the HIV epidemic. Nonetheless, current data on HIV knowledge in Malaysia are still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of inadequate HIV knowledge and its associated factors among the general Malaysian population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study utilized data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional survey employing a two-stage stratified random sampling technique to ensure national representativeness. HIV knowledge was assessed using the UNGASS indicators questionnaire, which comprises five questions on HIV prevention and transmission. The data were collected using the computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) method. Respondents who did not correctly answer all five questions were considered to have inadequate knowledge about HIV. Descriptive analysis and complex sample logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 28.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey identified 5,561 eligible respondents, leading to the participation of 3,187 individuals in the second phase of the study, which resulted in a response rate of 57.3%. Our study revealed an overall prevalence of inadequate HIV knowledge at 77.4%, with adolescents aged 13-19 exhibiting the highest prevalence at 86.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents with no formal education (aOR 4.34, 95% CI: 0.65, 29.08) were over four times more likely to lack HIV knowledge. Additionally, respondents with only secondary education had an increased risk of 1.79 times. Individuals residing in rural areas were significantly more likely to have inadequate HIV-related knowledge. Furthermore, respondents who worked as unpaid workers, homemakers, or caregivers (aOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.82) showed a higher likelihood of lacking HIV knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three out of four individuals in the general Malaysian population were found to lack sufficient knowledge about HIV. This underscores the need for targeted interventions in HIV education, particularly in rural areas and among populations with lower educational attainment. Additionally, digital platforms and youth-focused campaigns could be especially effective for reaching adolescents. Policymakers must prioritize inclusive, accessible HIV prevention strategies to address these gaps and reduce transmission rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of low-fat diet on the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.","authors":"Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi, Sepideh Soltani, Fatemeh Meshkini, Kimia Torabynasab, Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Elham Razmpoosh, Mahdi Hejazi, Masoumeh Khalighi Sikaroudi, Shima Abdollahi","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00698-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00698-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous researches on the effect of low-fat diet (LF) on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and its binding proteins (IGFBPs) did not reach a consensus result, and there is no study summarizing these findings. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) was performed to pool available evidence and answer the question whether dietary fat can affect IGF-1 and IGFBPs or not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Google, Google scholar, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Library were searched without language restrictions until July 2, 2024 to retrieve related studies. Weighted mean difference and the corresponding variance were considered as the effect size. Standard tools were applied to assess the quality of the studies and evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pooling data of the eligible studies showed no significant effect of LF diet on IGF-1 (six studies; participants = 1029.; pooled mean = 1.63 ng/ml, 95% CI= [-1.34, 4.59], P = 0.28, I² = 0.00%), and IGFBP-3 (five studies; participants = 969; pooled mean = 65.24 ng/ml, 95% CI= [-169.53, 300.00], P = 0.59, I² = 0.0%). The results of subgroup analysis for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 also demonstrated no significant findings. For IGFBP-1, available evidence is insufficient since only two studies have been performed yet and their results are contradictory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicated no significant effect of LF diet on IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 concentrations. Low certainty of evidence indicates that available evidence cannot support to draw a firm conclusion and future researches may change the estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive power of conventional and novel obesity indices in identifying metabolic syndrome among the southern Iranian populations: findings from PERSIAN cohort study.","authors":"Arash Rahimi, Shideh Rafati, Abnoos Azarbad, Hoda Safa, Mehdi Shahmoradi, Ali Salimi Asl, Mahtab Niazi, Salma Ahi, Shahrzad Tabasi, Masoumeh Kheirandish","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00703-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00703-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Traditional metrics like body mass index (BMI) have limitations in discerning fat distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in metabolic syndrome and its components in the south coast of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 2694 adults aged 35 to 70 were included. Comprehensive anthropometric and biochemical data were collected and analyzed. There were eight anthropometric indices evaluated in this study, including a body shape index (ABSI), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body roundness index (BRI), abdominal volume index (AVI), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WHtR (AUC: 0.766 for males, 0.799 for females), BRI (AUC: 0.766 for males, 0.799 for females), and AVI (AUC: 0.769 for males, 0.793 for females) were the best predictors of MetS. ABSI had the weakest correlation with metabolic variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AVI, WHtR, BRI, and WHR were superior to other measures as anthropometric indexes for determining MetS and its components. The study contributes valuable insights into the utility of traditional and novel metrics in clinical practice, highlighting the need for standardized diagnostic approaches and further research in diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of violence disclosure among women in Kenya: trends, changes and associated factors.","authors":"Joshua Okyere, Abigail Kabukie Dosoo, Castro Ayebeng, Kwamena Sekyi Dickson","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00702-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00702-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kenya has ratified and enacted several frameworks and laws in a bid to reduce the incidence of IPV and improve disclosure of violence experience. With these legal and structural mechanisms in place, women's disclosure of IPV is expected to show a positive trend over the years. We examined the trends and factors associated with disclosure of IPV among women in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2008, 2014 and 2022 Kenya demographic and health survey data was used, with a weighted sample of 6,093 women aged 15-49 years. The sample size for 2008, 2014 and 2022 were 1350, 1165, and 3578, respectively. Violence disclosure was the outcome variable. A logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the predicted probabilities (margins) of reporting violence for each year. Additionally, a multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with violence disclosure using a backward stepwise approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a statistically significant increase in the odds of disclosing violence by 65% from 2008 to 2022 [OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.41-1.94, p < 0.001]. The odds of disclosing violence increased significantly by 35% from 2008 to 2014 (OR = 1.35, p = 0.003), and further declined by 23% from 2014 to 2022 (OR = 1.23, p = 0.012). Violence disclosure significantly increased with age. Women in the richest wealth index (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.46-2.16), those currently working (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08-1.41), had witnessed parental violence (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29), or had partners who drank alcohol (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24-1.59) were also more likely to disclose violence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this study indicate that violence disclosure among women in Kenya has significantly increased over the years. Women in higher wealth quintile, currently employed, and those exposed to violence in their parental homes were more likely to disclose violence, highlighting the importance of economic empowerment and addressing intergenerational transmission of violence in increasing disclosure rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and healthcare influences on circulatory diseases in Kazakhstan: a retrospective ecological study.","authors":"Olzhas Zhamantayev, Nurlan Smagulov, Gulmira Tykezhanova, Maira Kenzhekeyeva, Gulden Karshalova","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00697-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00697-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health is a key driver of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study examined the relationships between economic indicators, demographic metrics, and health system factors and morbidity due to non-communicable diseases, such as diseases of the circulatory system, in Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective ecological study utilized regionally aggregated data from 2010 to 2020 for all 14 regions in Kazakhstan. Data on incidence rates of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) and socioeconomic, demographic, and healthcare variables were sourced from the Bureau of National Statistics and the Ministry of Health. Variables included gross regional product per capita, population density, living wage, unemployment rates, average monthly salary, Gini coefficient, income below subsistence level, housing space per capita, average monthly wage in healthcare, doctor and nurse densities per 10,000 population, and number of hospital beds. A correlation analysis was performed followed by stepwise regression to identify significant predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis identified that higher living wages (β = 0.7), population density (β = 0.275), nurse density (β = 0.212), and average monthly salary (β = 0.502) were positively associated with higher DCS incidence rates. Conversely, gross regional product per capita (β = -0.68), housing space per capita (β = -0.441), and income below the subsistence level (β = -0.161) were negatively associated with DCS incidence. The model explained approximately 63.7% of variance in DCS incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Socioeconomic and healthcare factors significantly influence the incidence of circulatory diseases in Kazakhstan. Policies aimed at improving economic conditions such as increasing living wages and reducing unemployment may help lower DCS morbidity. Additionally, equitable distribution of healthcare resources like nurses could enhance early detection and management of circulatory diseases, contributing to better public health outcomes in a middle-income country setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 case fatality rate and influential factors in Khuzestan Province, Iran: a two-year study.","authors":"Mohammad-Navid Bastani, Manoochehr Makvandi, Maryam Moradi, Somayeh Biparva Haghighi, Maryam Rostami, Sepideh Nasimzadeh, Homayoun Amiri, Seyed Mohammad Alavi, Mohammad Rashno, Ahmadreza Mohtadi, Farid Yousefi, Abbas Fayezi, Mohammadreza Mirkarimi, Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari, Masoud Zadkarami, Negin Balar, Siamak Mirab Sameii, Mehdi Torabizadeh","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00673-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00673-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of a new pandemic SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) resulted in a high mortality rate across the world. This study sought to comprehensively analyze the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) associated with COVID-19 in the Khuzestan province of Iran\". The primary objective was to discern patterns and determinants influencing CFR, shedding light on the evolving impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective examination was performed on a dataset encompassing confirmed COVID-19 cases and related fatalities in Khuzestan. Data, spanning from December 2020 to April 2022, underwent rigorous statistical analysis. Demographic variables, comorbidities, and temporal trends were scrutinized to identify key factors influencing CFR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preliminary findings revealed dynamic shifts in CFR, capturing the nuanced nature of the pandemic over time. Demographic nuances, particularly age and gender, emerged as significant determinants impacting CFR, the reported CFR of COVID-19 in Khuzestan province was 1.79%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study contributes critical insights into the CFR landscape of COVID-19 in Khuzestan, providing a foundation for evidence-based decision-making in public health. The identified factors influencing mortality rates offer valuable information for tailoring interventions and optimizing resource allocation. Continuous monitoring and further investigations are recommended to adapt strategies to the evolving nature of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of Haff disease caused by crayfish in China: a systematic review.","authors":"Feiyang Xu, Caihui Guo, Yang Wang, Yi Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00682-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00682-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haff disease is a condition that has emerged in China in recent years, primarily associated with the consumption of crayfish. Despite its increasing incidence, the exact cause of Haff disease remains unknown, prompting further investigation into its potential triggers and risk factors. The purpose of this system review is to investigate and summarize the current understanding of Haff disease and provide insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of Haff disease by collecting and analyzing data from a large number of patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Databases to investigate and summarize Haff disease by crayfish consumption in China over recent years. The search included observational studies published up to May 1, 2024.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This review collected data from 1437 patients and conducted a comprehensive analysis of symptoms. In-depth examinations of patient symptoms revealed that nearly all patients exhibited abnormally elevated serum creatine kinase levels and muscular pain, while some also experienced changes in urine color, abdominal discomfort, and chest pain. Risk factors associated with Haff disease from crayfish consumption included high crayfish consumption, alcohol use, the consumption of specific crayfish organs such as the head, liver, and pancreas, and the consumption of wild crayfish.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Haff disease is indeed related to the consumption of crayfish, which may be due to the presence of an unknown heat stable toxin in crayfish. During the research process, many risk factors were identified, and it is recommended that people who consume crayfish pay attention to these risk factors and take appropriate preventive measures to minimize the risk of illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postwar nutritional status of lactating mothers: evidence from war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia.","authors":"Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Hailay Gebretnsae, Hagos Degefa Hidru, Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe, Gebregziabher Berihu Gebrekidan, Mengistu Hagazi Tequare, Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim, Yemane Berhane Tesfau, Haftom Gebrehiwot Woldearegay, Tedros Bereket, Gebru Hailu Redae, Muzey Gebremichael Berhe, Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik, Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu, Weldegerima Gebremedhin Hagos, Mache Tsadik","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00680-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00680-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor maternal nutrition is a significant public health problem, especially in conflict-affected areas. Lactating mothers are particularly vulnerable due to increased nutritional demands. The recent conflict in the Tigray region has resulted in serious crises and disruptions, worsening maternal undernutrition.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the post-war nutritional status of lactating mothers, in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 16 to February 14, 2024, across six zones of Tigray, excluding the Western zone, which included 1245 lactating mothers with children under six months of age. Data were collected through a structured interview-based questionnaire designed in KoboToolBox. The collected data were managed and analyzed via Stata version 17 software. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable robust (modified) Poisson regression models were fitted to identify the factors associated with maternal undernutrition, after checking the necessary model assumptions. Adjusted prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals were used as measures of effects and statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of undernutrition among lactating mothers was 55.2% (95% CI: 52.3-58.1). The proportion of undernourished lactating mothers was greater in rural areas (60.7%: 57.3-64.0) than in urban (41.8%: 36.5-47.2). The factors independently associated with maternal undernutrition included elementary education [aPR (95% C.I): 1.1(1.01-1.3)], rural residence [aPR (95% C.I): 1.3(1.1-1.5)], iodized salt use [aPR (95% C.I): 0.9(0.8-0.99)], and low meal frequency [aPR (95% C.I): 1.3(1.2-1.5)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a high maternal undernutrition prevalence among lactating mothers in Tigray in the post-conflict era. Therefore, interventions targeting educational opportunities, iodized salt use, and adequate meal frequency may help improve the nutritional status of lactating mothers in the conflict-affected areas in Tigray, Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and social factors associated with non-prescription use of Tramadol: a cross-sectional study among youth in urban informal settlements in Ghana.","authors":"Solomon Osei-Tutu, Felix Asante, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Obed Jones Owusu-Sarpong, Lawrencia Pokuah Siaw, Razak M Gyasi","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00688-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00688-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-prescription use of Tramadol is increasingly becoming common among vulnerable populations. This study examines the factors associated with non-prescription use of Tramadol among youth in urban informal settlements in the Asokore Mampong Municipality, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from Tramadol users aged 15 to 35 years living in urban informal settlements were analyzed. Non-prescription use of Tramadol was assessed using the item \"Have you ever used Tramadol for any reason without a prescription from a healthcare professional?\". The responses were dichotomized as yes = 1, otherwise = 0. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the factors associated with non-prescription use of Tramadol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data on 200 Tramadol users were obtained. Family/friends (52.3%), were the main source of knowledge on Tramadol. Energy boost (43%) was the most cited reason for Tramadol use. Approximately 52% indicated a continuing non-prescription use of Tramadol for energy boost. Multivariable logistic regressions showed that those who lived alone (OR = 6.34: 95% CI = 2.03-19.82), migrants (OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.31-12.05) and the unemployed (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.02-12.58) were significantly more likely to report non-prescription use of Tramadol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-prescription use of Tramadol is a threat to the youth in urban informal settlements in the Asokore Mampong Municipality. Interventions such as strict drug monitoring and regulation, drug use education, strict parental supervision, and sustainable jobs may contribute to controlling non-prescription use of Tramadol.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}