Leila Ansarifard, Ali Al Dahi, Sarayel Behzadinezhad, Andishe Hamedi, Abdolrahim Asadollahi, Farzaneh Ghaleh Golab, Marguerite Claire Sendall, Ali Khani Jeihooni
{"title":"Predicting fast food avoidance behavior among male adolescents: a structural equation modeling approach to the theory of planned behavior.","authors":"Leila Ansarifard, Ali Al Dahi, Sarayel Behzadinezhad, Andishe Hamedi, Abdolrahim Asadollahi, Farzaneh Ghaleh Golab, Marguerite Claire Sendall, Ali Khani Jeihooni","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01320-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01320-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fast food consumption is a growing public health concern, particularly among adolescents, due to its association with obesity and chronic diseases. Understanding the behavioral determinants of fast-food avoidance can inform the design of effective interventions targeting male adolescents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the determinants of fast-food avoidance behaviors among male high school students in Shiraz, Iran, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 862 male students in grades 1 and 2 of high school in Shiraz in 2025. A multi-stage sampling strategy was applied, whereby 16 high schools were randomly selected from four educational districts. Within selected schools, classes and students were recruited using a convenience-based approach, and all eligible students present in the selected classes were invited to participate. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a validated TPB-based instrument assessing knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), behavioral intention, and fast-food avoidance behavior. Data analysis was performed using JAMOVI (v2.5.6), and SEM was employed to test the hypothesized TPB model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final TPB model demonstrated excellent fit indices (χ²/df = 2.04, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05). Attitude (β = 0.58), subjective norms (β = 0.34), and PBC (β = 0.26) significantly predicted behavioral intention (p < .001), which in turn strongly predicted fast-food avoidance behavior (β = 0.49, p < .001). PBC also had a direct effect on behavior (β = 0.31). Knowledge exerted an indirect effect on behavior through attitude and intention. Demographic variables, including parental education, household income, and maternal employment, were associated with TPB constructs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fast-food avoidance behaviors among male adolescents are primarily influenced by motivational and control beliefs. From a practical and policy perspective, school-based nutrition education programs and adolescent health policies should prioritize strengthening positive attitudes, enhancing perceived behavioral control, and reinforcing supportive social norms to promote healthier dietary behaviors and reduce fast-food consumption among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13289231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esra Nur Güner, Gönenç Uysal, Zeynep Begüm Kalyoncu Atasoy
{"title":"A content analysis of 2023 Türkiye general election pledges on public health nutrition and related sustainable development goals.","authors":"Esra Nur Güner, Gönenç Uysal, Zeynep Begüm Kalyoncu Atasoy","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01299-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01299-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Giving priority to public health nutrition policies can improve health quality and national development. An intersecting analysis of public health nutrition (PHN) and political pledges is limited globally, and in the context of Türkiye. METHODS: This study aimed to analyze the emphasis given by political parties and alliances to policies related to public health nutrition (PHN) in their publicly available documents and to identify whether their proposals reflect a broad understanding of nutrition-related public health issues. This study employed a qualitative research design utilizing the content analysis method. Publicly available pledges including election declarations, party programs, and formal website-based documents were analyzed in the study. The website-based documents were analyzed through qualitative content analysis via MAXQDA (Version 2022.8) software. This study consisted of two distinct analyses. The first analysis was conducted through themes of nutrition security, food supply, food safety, sustainable agriculture, and cultural sensitivity. In the second analysis, documents were analyzed in relation to specific four Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) namely Goal 2 (Zero Hunger), Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), Goal 5 (Gender Equality), and Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), all of which are relevant to PHN. RESULTS: Overall, the documents were coded 1209 times in the first analysis on PHN, while were coded 941 times in the second analysis on SDGs. The main opposition Nation Alliance (NA) had the most coded documents followed by the ruling People’s Alliance (PA). After sustainable agriculture, the majority of policies were produced in the theme of food security, followed by food safety, food supply, and cultural sensitivity respectively. For SDGs, Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) was the most coded theme followed by Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), Goal 5 (Gender Equality), and Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) respectively. The category of sustainable nutrition has not been used in the documents of any party or alliance. Moreover, the dietitian profession legislation has been proposed by only two alliances. DISCUSSION: Parties/alliances remained inadequate in offering pledges in relation to PHN and related SDG goals. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide evidence-based resources to emphasize this area, raising awareness among researchers, policy advocates, and policymakers, and ultimately contributing to the development of sustainable, accountable, and country-specific policies. </p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13289391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring vitamin D levels and the impact of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with diabetes: meta-analysis.","authors":"Batool Heydarisadegh, Mehrdad Badkoobeh Hezaveh, Mahboubeh Saljoughi, Mohammad Javad Sanjari, Alireza Amirabadizadeh","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01316-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01316-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses substantial risks to maternal and neonatal health, with a rising global prevalence. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of GDM. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and GDM, as well as the effects of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with diabetes.A comprehensive systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted through December 2024. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies involving pregnant women with GDM were included. Vitamin D supplementation was initiated during pregnancy, primarily in the second trimester, with dosages ranging from 400 IU/day to 50,000 IU/week. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Of the 2,250 identified articles, 68 studies met the inclusion criteria. A pooled analysis demonstrated significantly lower serum vitamin D levels in women with GDM compared with controls (Hedges’ g = − 0.45; 95% CI: −0.65 to − 0.25). In intervention studies, vitamin D supplementation significantly increased serum vitamin D levels compared with placebo (Hedges’ g = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.03), with a similarly significant improvement observed when comparing pre- and post-intervention levels (Hedges’ g = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.41).Vitamin D supplementation appears effective in correcting vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women with GDM and may improve metabolic outcomes. Further research is warranted to determine optimal dosing regimens, timing of supplementation during pregnancy, and the underlying biological mechanisms linking vitamin D status to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13289124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monkeypox (Mpox): a comprehensive review of epidemiology, therapeutic advances, and public health implications.","authors":"Amit Verma, Sandeep Sharma, Gopal Lal Khatik, Ashish Suttee, Dinesh Kumar, Neeraj Choudhary, Suresh Babu Kondaveeti","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01323-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01323-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Schuler, Faith Agbozo, Emmanuel Bansah, Richard Owusu, George Edward Ntow, Barbara Preusse-Bleuler, Riccardo E Pfister
{"title":"Correction: Family involvement along the care continuum for small and sick newborns - attitudes and skills of healthcare providers in Ghana.","authors":"Christina Schuler, Faith Agbozo, Emmanuel Bansah, Richard Owusu, George Edward Ntow, Barbara Preusse-Bleuler, Riccardo E Pfister","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01300-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01300-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zongbao Li, Fan Hu, Shaojie Li, Yao Yao, Yanhui Lu
{"title":"Parental age and its influence on functional dependency and cognitive decline in older adults: a cohort analysis.","authors":"Zongbao Li, Fan Hu, Shaojie Li, Yao Yao, Yanhui Lu","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01308-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01308-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the influence of parental age at childbirth on the long-term health of offspring.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>The baseline data of the Chinese Health and Longevity Longitudinal Survey (CLHLS, 2008-2021) in 2008 and the subsequent follow-up data.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Parental age at childbirth.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Functional independency (assessed by Activities of daily living, ADL), cognitive function (assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), and all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Offspring with advanced maternal age (≥ 37 years) were associated with higher odds of ADL limitations (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.04-1.84) and cognitive dysfunction (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.02-1.76). Conversely, advanced paternal age (≥ 43 years) demonstrated negative associations with ADL limitation (OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.36-0.73) and cognitive dysfunction (OR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.43-0.83). While no direct association emerged between parental age and offspring mortality, we identified a significant trend toward reduced mortality risk with increasing paternal age, particularly among offspring of non-educated parents (P for trend = 0.02). Notably, the presence of sibling caregiving was associated with attenuated maternal age-related health risks, indicating a potential moderating role of family support structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identifies observational associations between parental age and offspring health outcomes in later life. Specifically, older maternal age associated with poor health outcomes while older paternal age was associated with better health outcomes in offspring. As societies grapple with aging populations and declining fertility, our study suggests the need for integrated health and social policies that support families in this changing demographic landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Zheng, Xue-Rui Li, Yu-Yang Miao, Jin Tan, Yi-Ting Zhang, Qiang Zhang
{"title":"Association and interaction of blood pressure, HbA1c and lipid profiles with carotid artery plaque in a general health check-up population: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jun Zheng, Xue-Rui Li, Yu-Yang Miao, Jin Tan, Yi-Ting Zhang, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01279-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01279-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agricultural abundance, dietary shortfall: national determinants of daily fruit and vegetable intake in Türkiye National Nutrition and Health Survey.","authors":"Merve Korkmaz, Zeynep Begüm Kalyoncu Atasoy","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01310-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01310-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Türkiye is one of the world's leading producers of fruits and vegetables (F&V). Yet, findings from the Türkiye Nutrition and Health Surveys (TNHS-2010 and TNHS-2017) reveal a 24.3% decline in consumption over this period. This discrepancy between agricultural capacity and dietary intake highlights the need to better understand factors associated with consumption. This disconnect between agricultural abundance and dietary intake underscores the need to understand the factors influencing F&V consumption at the population level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional secondary analysis used data from the nationally representative TNHS-2017. The analytic sample included 12,406 individuals aged ≥ 15 years who completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained dietitians in Family Health Centers across all 81 provinces of the country; pregnant and lactating women were excluded. F&V intake was categorized as daily versus non-daily, and freshly squeezed fruit juice as never, occasional, or daily. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with daily F&V intake, and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with juice consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Daily F&V intake was observed in 38.6% of participants. Higher odds of daily intake were seen among women (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.44-1.73), older adults, individuals with greater physical activity, and dietary supplement users, whereas higher food insecurity was inversely associated with daily intake (aOR per unit 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.93). Regional disparities were pronounced, with higher odds in the Mediterranean and Middle East Anatolia and lower odds in several inland and northeastern regions relative to the Aegean. BMI and body roundness index were not independently associated with intake after adjustment. For freshly squeezed fruit juice, occasional consumption was more likely among higher-educated groups and supplement users and less likely among smokers and food-insecure individuals. Daily juice consumption was rare.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Türkiye, daily F&V intake was associated with sociodemographic, regional, behavioral, and food security factors rather than body size indicators. These findings provide nationally relevant evidence to support strategies aimed at improving fruit and vegetable consumption, particularly by addressing affordability, regional disparities, and food insecurity, while clarifying the limited role of juice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akaninyene Asuquo Otu, Obiageli Chiezey Onwusaka, Ubong Aniefiok Udoh, Ugbe Maurice Joel Ugbe, Emmanuel Edet Effa, Joel Inyang, Bassey Ebenso, Fatumo Abdi, Chikezie Okwesileze, Bassey Ewa Ekeng, Ita Okokon Ita, John Walley
{"title":"Health workers' knowledge, perceptions, and practices relating to antimicrobial use and resistance in cross river state, Nigeria: a cross sectional study.","authors":"Akaninyene Asuquo Otu, Obiageli Chiezey Onwusaka, Ubong Aniefiok Udoh, Ugbe Maurice Joel Ugbe, Emmanuel Edet Effa, Joel Inyang, Bassey Ebenso, Fatumo Abdi, Chikezie Okwesileze, Bassey Ewa Ekeng, Ita Okokon Ita, John Walley","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01274-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01274-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health issue with health workers (HWs) being central to addressing this issue. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of HWs regarding antimicrobial use/AMR in Cross River State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional survey involved 431 HWs in randomly selected healthcare facilities (13 primary and 23 secondary facilities) in Cross River State. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. RESULTS: Of 431 HWs approached, 427 (99.1%) responded. Nurses comprised the largest group (37%), followed by medical doctors (26.5%). Overall, 60% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge 30% demonstrated moderate knowledge, and 10% demonstrated poor knowledge of AMR and antimicrobial use. Perceptions were positive, with 81% categorized as good. Practices were good in 65% (of consenting HWs although 54.3% (n = 232) admitted to prescribing antibiotics not in accordance with guidelines. Identified gaps included prescribing due to patient pressure (47%) and stock availability (66%). Professional role (χ² = 41.72, df = 18, p = 0.001) and years of experience (χ² = 26.78, df = 10, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with good knowledge. Also, professional role (χ² = 28.41, df = 9, p = 0.001) and years of experience χ² = 14.67, df = 5, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with good practices. No statistically significant associations were found with perceptions. CONCLUSION: HWs in Cross River State exhibited predominantly good knowledge and perceptions of AMR, but practices, though good, revealed areas for improvement, particularly in guideline adherence and resistance to external pressures. </p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Liu, Xuxiu Zhuang, Haonan Zhou, Yanan Ma, Gengrun Sun, Yang Liu, Deliang Wen
{"title":"Obesity, physical activity, and gene-environment interactions: a natural experiment framework.","authors":"Lei Liu, Xuxiu Zhuang, Haonan Zhou, Yanan Ma, Gengrun Sun, Yang Liu, Deliang Wen","doi":"10.1186/s41043-026-01312-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-026-01312-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity results from the interaction of polygenic susceptibility and environmental factors. Given this complex etiology, physical activity (PA) remains a cornerstone of cost-effective intervention strategies. This longitudinal natural experiment investigated how PA modifies the effects of genetic predisposition on obesity in Chinese youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a 4-year natural experiment leveraging curriculum-driven PA disparities in a specialized arts school (n = 591), creating distinct high-PA (HPA) and low-PA (LPA) exposure groups. Weighted genetic risk scores (WGRSs) were calculated from 13 Asian-derived obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Annual anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models to assess gene-PA interactions on obesity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The WGRS predicted baseline obesity measures, with each unit increase associated with a 0.21-kg/m² higher BMI. Over the natural experiment period, BMI increases in the HPA group were smaller than in the LPA group. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and dietary factors, significant WGRS-PA interactions were observed for BMI trajectories. Participants with higher genetic risk for obesity experienced greater BMI and weight reduction benefits from sustained long-term PA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, the present study identified a significant interaction effect between PA levels and WGRS in modifying BMI trajectories. Genetic susceptibility significantly modifies the protective effects of long-term PA on BMI progression in this cohort of Chinese youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}