Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary intakes in relation to nutrition recommendations and dietary quality in an Iranian adult population: the results of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance (FNS).","authors":"Najmeh Seifi, Nasrin Talkhi, Zahra Khorasanchi, Sara Saffar Soflaei, Seyyed Reza Sobhani, Zahra Abdollahi, Ali Mottaghi Moghaddam Shahri, Maryam Mohammadi-BajgIran, Gordon A Ferns, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01022-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01022-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Iranian population faces a dual burden of overconsumption and nutrient insufficiency. Considering recent socioeconomic changes due to severe sanctions and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, this research aimed to assess the energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes of Iranian adults (19-60 years) and elderly individuals (> 60 years), based on the Food and Drug Administration dietary intake recommendations, through a survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional survey conducted from 2021 to 2022. The study included 1697 adults aged over18 years, selected from 11 geographical zones of Iran based on socio-economic and geographic similarities. All participants underwent dietary assessment using a validated 65-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). The Dietary Quality Index- International (DQI-I) was also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the adults aged 19-60 years, the mean usual energy intake was 2,321.64 ± 33.16 kcal/day. Carbohydrates, fat, and protein constituted 50.4%, 38.3%, and 13.45% of total energy intake, respectively. About 64.0% of women and 78.0% of men consumed fiber in amounts lower than recommended. The percentage of insufficiency was approximately 100% for retinol and vitamin D in both genders. Insufficient folate intake was 90.1% in women and 89.9% in men (p = 0.038). Excess sodium intake was more prevalent in men (p = 0.003). In the elderly (> 60 years), the mean usual energy intake was 1,987 kcal/day. Carbohydrates, fat, and protein constituted 52.98%, 35.88%, and 13.9% of total energy intake, respectively. The percentage of insufficiency for vitamin D, retinol, folate, selenium, and potassium intake was high (more than 80%) in both genders. Zinc insufficiency and excess sodium intake were significantly more prevalent in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicated that carbohydrate and protein intakes were within the recommended ranges, while fat consumption was elevated in both adults and the elderly. Widespread micronutrient insufficiencies- especially in retinol, folate, vitamin D, potassium, and selenium- were evident across both genders and age groups. Excessive sodium consumption was more prevalent in men, along with a higher prevalence of zinc deficiency. These findings highlight the need for targeted dietary interventions to address nutritional gaps and promote healthier eating habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of body roundness index with circadian syndrome: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data from 2009 to 2018.","authors":"Jin-Yan Lan, Yu-Hong Song, Yu Ke, Chen-Wei An, Chao-He Chen, Li-Xu Tang","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01018-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01018-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a significant manifestation of Circadian Syndrome (CircS), and the Body Roundness Index (BRI) is one of the anthropometric indicators associated with obesity. However, it remains unclear whether BRI is linked to the risk of CircS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this population-based cross-sectional study, data from adults aged ≥ 20 years from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between BRI and CircS after adjusting for various covariates. To further explore the trend of association between different BRI levels and CircS, BRI was categorized into four classes to enhance the robustness of the results. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was utilized to illustrate the dose-response relationship between BRI and CircS. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to assess the consistency and stability of the study results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 8,024 participants aged 20 years and older, of whom 2,634 had CircS. In fully adjusted models, BRI was positively associated with the prevalence of CircS (OR = 2.821, 95% CI: 2.038-3.768). When BRI was transformed from a continuous to a categorical variable, higher levels of BRI were correlated with a higher prevalence of CircS compared to the lowest quartile of BRI. RCS analyses demonstrated a positive association between BRI and CircS prevalence, with threshold effect analyses identifying a threshold value of BRI at 5.91. To the left of this threshold, each one-unit increase in BRI elevated the prevalence of CircS by a factor of 2.681 (OR = 2.681, 95% CI: 2.524-2.851). Stratified factorial subgroup analyses indicated that the positive association between BRI and CircS persisted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of our cross-sectional study indicate a significant positive correlation between elevated BRI and increased prevalence of CircS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the determinants of drug-resistant tuberculosis in selected hospitals in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia: a case-control study.","authors":"Desalegn Meresa, Gebretsadik Berhe, Kidane Tadesse, Muuz Gebru, Gebremedhin Gebrezgabiher","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01021-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01021-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a significant challenge to the national tuberculosis (TB) control program in Ethiopia. The Tigray region in northern Ethiopia has shown a surge in the incidence of DR-TB cases. However, the determinants of DR-TB in the region are not studied. This study is aimed at identifying the factors associated with the development of DR-TB in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used an unmatched case-control design to identify determinants of DR-TB in the Tigray region, northern Ethiopia, whereby 86 patients and 86 controls who registered for TB treatment follow-up in selected hospitals were recruited. Trained nurses collected both primary and secondary data, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The test statistics was conducted with a 95% confidence level, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 86 patients with DR-TB (cases) and an equal number of patients with drug-susceptible (controls). The case and control groups had 38 (44.2%) and 47 (54.7%) males, respectively. The study revealed the study participants with male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.2-19.9), single marital status (AOR = 13.6, 95% CI: 2.3-81.2), history of TB treatment (AOR = 58.2, 95% CI: 11.2-302.1), experienced a delay of more than 60 days before TB diagnosis (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 1.2-19.3), interrupted treatment at least once (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.02-23.9), and unsuccessful treatment outcome at first treatment (AOR = 7.6, 95% CI: 1.8-35.9) had a higher risk of DR-TB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights determinants of DR-TB in the region, including gender, marital status, delayed diagnosis (over 60 days), previous treatment history, interrupted treatment, and unsuccessful treatment outcomes during initial treatment. It is recommended that healthcare providers focus on targeted interventions, such as supporting males and unmarried individuals, ensuring early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment, improving treatment adherence, and providing tailored support for patients with histories of incomplete treatment and unsuccessful initial treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of breastfeeding practice among Iranian and Afghan refugee mothers: a prospective cohort study in Iran.","authors":"Zohreh Heidary, Mostafa Saeedinia, Haniyeh Fathi, Shima Rafiee, Zohre Khalajinia, Parvaneh Sadeghimoghadam, Mohammadamin Parsaei","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01017-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding is a critical health equalizer and predictor of significant maternal and infant health outcomes, profoundly influenced by the socioeconomic and cultural status of mothers. Previous research has suggested that migration negatively impacts the breastfeeding practices of immigrant mothers. Given that Iran hosts approximately 3 million Afghan refugees, this study aimed to compare the breastfeeding practices of immigrant Afghan mothers in Iran with those of Iranian mothers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included postpartum Iranian mothers (n = 209) and Afghan immigrant mothers (n = 327) referred to Nekuei Hedayati Forqani Hospital in Qom and Imam Khomeini Hospital complex in Tehran from January 1, 2023, to May 1, 2023. Breastfeeding quality was assessed using the Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (BBAT) at baseline (after birth) and at 2-, 4-, and 6-month follow-ups. Breastfeeding continuity was qualitatively assessed based on mothers' reports of daily frequency and duration of breastfeeding episodes over six months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean BBAT score of the Iranian cohort was significantly higher than that of Afghan mothers at baseline (7.0 ± 1.5 vs. 6.7 ± 1.7; P-value = 0.032) and at the 6-month follow-up (7.7 ± 0.5 vs. 7.1 ± 1.3; P-value < 0.001), with no significant differences at 2- and 4-month follow-ups (P-values > 0.05). Additionally, the Iranian cohort demonstrated a higher frequency of daily breastfeeding episodes (P-value = 0.001) and longer mean duration per episode compared to the Afghan cohort (P-value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggested that Afghan immigrant mothers tend to have poorer breastfeeding practices than Iranian mothers, which highlights the need for Iran's healthcare system to offer a multicultural, accessible, educational, and supportive framework to improve these outcomes. Nonetheless, our relatively small sample size, significant sociodemographic disparities between the Iranian and Afghan cohorts, and restriction to urban sampling may limit the generalizability of our results. Future research would benefit from larger, longitudinal studies with nationally representative samples that systematically examine how socioeconomic factors influence breastfeeding practices among Afghan migrant populations in Iran.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and reliability of the Turkish version of the food insecurity experience scale (FIES) among adults.","authors":"Gül Eda Kılınç, Yeliz Vergi, Alev Keser","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00873-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00873-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food insecurity is a global public health problem characterised by the inability of individuals and households to regularly access sufficient, safe and nutritious food. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) in the adult population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 536 individuals (357 females, 179 males) with an average age of 30.1 ± 10.2 years were involved. Questionnaire consisted of two sections including socio-demographic characteristics and FIES. For the adaptation of the scale to Turkish, the translation-back translation method was employed, involving expert translators for both English-to-Turkish and Turkish-to-English translations. The validation process included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the model fit. Data were analyzed using fit indices, descriptive statistics, and CFA for model validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Cronbach's alpha for the FIES was 0.85, indicating good reliability. In the fit index results, excellent fit was obtained for all indices ​​except the SRMR value, which showed a good fit. The outcomes of the excellence of fit indices were as follows: CMIN/df = 1.261, AFGI = 0.985, GFI = 0.991, IFI = 0.995, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.031, SRMR = 0.069.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results show that Turkish version of FIES has structural validity and reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity and reliability in assessing food insecurity in Turkish adult population. The strong psychometric properties of the scale suggest that it can be used in research and policy development processes related to food insecurity. Future studies can further strengthen the findings by evaluating the applicability of the FIES across different socioeconomic groups.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive narrative analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Afghanistan: key drivers, challenges, and strategic interventions.","authors":"Hedayatullah Ehsan, Fazel Rahim Wardak, Hasiba Karimi, Fariha Kamal, Hasibullah Aminpoor, Abdul Salam, Hira Tariq, Rameen Damani, Mohamed Nasser Elshabrawi, Mehak Faisal, Chukwuagoziem Augustine Iloanusi, Ayushmaan Roy, Izza Shakeel, Sharvari Joshi, Md Abubakar, Abubakr Yosufi, Ahmad Jamshid Mehrpoor","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00909-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00909-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a global health crisis, and Afghanistan, with its limited healthcare infrastructure, faces an acute AMR challenge. Factors such as overuse of antibiotics, unregulated drug sales, and low public awareness contribute to an accelerated spread of resistant pathogens. This study offers a comprehensive narrative analysis of the drivers of AMR in Afghanistan and proposes strategic, context-specific interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted using available literature and national reports to assess AMR prevalence in Afghanistan, identify contributing socio-political and healthcare challenges, and evaluate the impact of these challenges on AMR surveillance and control.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>High resistance rates are prevalent among key pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with resistance to first-line antibiotics exceeding 80% for many infections. Afghanistan's fragile healthcare infrastructure, compounded by unregulated antibiotic sales and self-medication practices, exacerbates AMR rates. Limited AMR surveillance and inadequate infection control practices further intensify the crisis.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Addressing AMR in Afghanistan requires urgent, coordinated action. Recommendations include strengthening healthcare infrastructure, enforcing antibiotic regulations, enhancing surveillance, and implementing public education campaigns. Worldwide teamwork is vital to building a resilient healthcare system to address Afghanistan's unique AMR challenges effectively. These interventions are crucial to controlling the spread of AMR and preventing a healthcare crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between social mobility and residents' health: the mediating role of subjective well-being.","authors":"Chong Zhang, Hongyan Zheng, Huan Ou, Lin Sun","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01020-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01020-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pooled prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among reproductive age women in East Africa: derived from demographic and health surveys.","authors":"Gosa Mankelkl, Beletu Kinfe","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01019-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01019-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the most significant global public health concerns for women of reproductive age is the unmet need for modern contraceptives. The goal of increasing the use of modern contraceptives is to lower mother and child mortality and morbidity. Since East African nations are part of sub-Saharan Africa, a region primarily composed of low-income countries, they face significant challenges in accessing modern contraceptives due to limited healthcare infrastructure, economic constraints, and socio-cultural barriers. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with modern contraception utilization among reproductive-age East African women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The data was taken from the individual records (IR) of the ten East African countries' Demographic and Health Surveys. The study included 112,810 women of reproductive age. The primary outcome was modern contraceptive utilization, defined as a binary variable (yes = use of modern methods; no = use of traditional/folkloric or no methods). Key predictors included age, place of residence, marital status, sex of household head, wealth index, exposure to media (newspaper, radio, television), pregnancy termination history, and number of living children. Bivariate analysis was utilized to select the variables for multivariable analysis. At last, 95% CIs for the odds ratio and percentage were presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among women of reproductive age, 33.81% of them used modern contraceptives, with a 95% CI of [33.53-34.09]. Individuals aged 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, and 35-39 demonstrate the following statistically adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and confidence intervals (CI): AOR = 1.68, 95% CI (1.68, 1.79); P = 0.0001; AOR = 1.56, 95% CI (1.46, 2.65); P = 0.0001; AOR = 1.43, 95% CI (1.33, 1.54); P = 0.0001; and AOR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.24, 1.44); P = 0.0001, respectively. urban residence is associated with an AOR of 1.06, 95% CI (0.91, 0.97); P = 0.001; being married [AOR: 1.20, 95% CI (1.13, 1.28); P = 0.0001]; belonging to the highest wealth quantile [AOR: 1.34, 95% CI (1.27, 1.43); P = 0.0001]; reading magazines at least once a week [AOR: 1.07 (1.00, 1.14); P = 0.032]; listening to the radio almost daily [AOR: 1.91 (1.69, 2.17); P = 0.0001]; watching television daily [AOR: 1.62 (1.45, 1.82); P = 0.0001]; and having 3-4 children [AOR: 11.68, 95% CI (10.78, 12.66); P = 0.0001] were found positively associated with modern contraceptive utilization. Conversely, having a history of pregnancy termination [AOR: 0.83 (0.80, 0.87); P = 0.0001] and belonging to a household headed by a woman [AOR: 0.95 (0.92, 0.99); P = 0.037] were found to be inversely associated with modern contraceptive utilization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion and recommendation: &lt;/strong&gt;This study identified key factors influencing modern contraceptive use among women in East Africa. Higher utilization was associated with being aged 20-39, urban residence, being married, higher wea","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxing mechanisms on salty foods: investigation of effectiveness through price elasticity and cross price elasticity of demand.","authors":"Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Mohammad Hajizadeh, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Anita Reihanian, Ali Hussein Samadi, Marjan Mahdaviroshan","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00951-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00951-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salt consumption control strategies can help to decrease hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. Taxation mechanisms help to reduce the utilization of harmful commodities like salts. This study aims to analyze the impact of taxing salty foods on salt intake in Iran by examining the price elasticity of demand (PED) and cross-price elasticity of demand (XED) for salty foods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used 38,328 household-level data from the 2019 Iranian Household Income and Expenditures Survey. This PED and XED for salty foods were calculated, and changes in household salt consumption due to salt taxation were estimated using a mathematical simulation method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that the PEDs for noodles and pilaffs (- 4.89) and bread (- 2.03) are higher than that for other commodities. Noodles and salt (- 4.55) and breads and salt (- 1.61) exhibited the highest XED. Following 20% taxation, total salt intake is projected to increase by approximately 125 g per month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taxing mechanisms are ineffective in reducing the consumption of salty foods. Instead of reducing salt intake, households tend to shift to lower-quality, cheaper salty foods after the tax are implemented. However, these mechanisms can be used for increasing the government revenue.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of behavioural modification for small portions size consumption on BMI in college students of North India: a quasi experimental study.","authors":"Atul Gupta, Pritam Halder, Rachana Srivastava, Savitesh Kushwaha, Madhu Gupta, Manmeet Kaur, Poonam Khanna","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00786-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00786-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Large meal portions contribute to the rise in Body Mass Index (BMI) leading to higher burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), especially among the youths. College students frequently exhibit poor dietary habits; thus, it is important to pay attention to their eating habits in order to lower their risk for NCD. Therefore, we conducted this study with objective to measure the effect of health promotion intervention for small portion size consumption behaviour on body mass index (BMI) among college students in Chandigarh, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this quasi-experimental research among college students aged 18-21 years from two colleges with co-education, having same streams considered as intervention and control from 2019 to 2020. Motivating group therapy, individual counselling, classroom training including power point presentations, lectures, and messaging via WhatsApp were implemented to the intervention group. No intervention was applied to the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the mean BMI decreased in the both the intervention (n = 149) and control groups (n = 142) between the baseline and 6 months post intervention follow up period. The difference in difference (DID) of mean using paired t-test analysis showed that the estimated difference between the two groups was statistically significant for BMI (0.21; 95% CI 0.117-0.244; p-value < 0.001) and for waist hip ratio (0.02; 95% CI 0.001-0.005; p-value 007). There was reduction of 8.1% (from 28.9 to 20.8%) in obese, while 2.7% (from 44.3 to 47.0%) increase in participants with normal BMI in intervention. On the contrary there was almost no change in the proportion of obese and overweight participants in control group after 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the higher surge of obesity especially among the Indian youths, this study provided significant contribution in the field of public health in view of effective health promotion intervention to reduce BMI levels, by which get hold of the rising trend of this alarming problem. We recommend pragmatic community level large scale randomised control trials with frequent and controlled follow up to generate further evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}