Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Associations of dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index with diabetic nephropathy and reduced kidney function among women: a case-control study.","authors":"Faezeh Abaj, Atieh Mirzababaei, Mohammad Gholizadeh, Yasaman Aali, Paria Jadidi, Reza Amiri Khosroshahi, Cain C T Clark, Khadijeh Mirzaei","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00895-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00895-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased insulin levels lead to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR). IR is one of the main causes of the onset and progression of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) and kidney failure in type 2 diabetic patients. The present case-control study sought to investigate the relationship between dietary insulin load (DIL) and index (DII) and the odds of DN and kidney function decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran, we enrolled 105 eligible women with DN and 105 controls (30-65 years old). Dietary insulin load (DIL) and index (DII) were assessed using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Using standard protocols, biochemical variables and anthropometric measurements were evaluated for all patients. To investigate potential associations, binary logistic regression was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that higher DII was associated with 2.72 times higher odds of albuminuria (OR: 2.77; 95% CI 1.16, 6.63) and 1.92 times higher odds of DN (OR: 1.92; 95% CI 1.11, 3.32) compared to lower adherence. Additionally, DIL was found to be statistically highly connected with mild to severe reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in participants and 1.82 times greater odds of DN (OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.01, 3.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this research showed that a higher odds of DN were related to a higher level of adherence to DIL and DII. Increased adherence to DIL was strongly correlated with the likelihood of a decreased GFR. To clarify our findings, more prospective research is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household iodized salt consumption and iodine status in women of reproductive age in Angola: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Emanuel Catumbela, Manuel de Lemos, Tazi Nimi, Carlos Têmbua, Joana Paula Paixão, Alexandre Kapapelo, Sabas Kimboka, Fanceni Baldé, Victor Ngongalah, Osvaldo da Costa, Natália da Conceinção, Ema Fernandes, Filomeno Fortes","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00907-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00907-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first evaluation of iodine nutritional status in Angola was carried out in 2006. This involved a limited survey of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among school-aged children, conducted in 24 schools within the municipalities of Bié Province. Almost all the children had moderate to high levels of iodine deficiency, with a median UIC below 100 μg/L. In 2004, the Iodine Global Network ranked Angola among the world's ten countries with the highest prevalence of iodine deficiency. This study aims to assess the household level of iodized salt and iodine status in women of reproductive age in Angola.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2019, we conducted an observational, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study, stratified by altitude, using data from the 2014 Census. A multi-stage, proportional stratified sample selected 2250 households across the country, with 450 per province (Luanda, Cuanza Sul, Bie, Cunene, and Moxico). Descriptive statistics (means, medians, frequencies) were used to characterize the variables. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to assess differences in iodine concentration between strata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the findings indicated that 74.3% of households used salt containing some iodine, but only 29.2% used salt with adequate iodization (15-40 ppm). The median UIC was 102.2 µg/L in pregnant women and 108.2 µg/L in non-pregnant women. No statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups (p = 0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Key findings of the survey showed that the majority of the population in this study is consuming iodized salt below the range recommended by the World Health Organization. This result highlights the need to review the current iodine deficiency disorder control program and develop a country action plan to ensure that over 90 percent of households sustainably use adequately iodized salt and all women of reproductive age have adequate iodine intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and response to a type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus detected in an infant with hand, foot, and mouth disease - Guangdong, China, 2023.","authors":"Jialing Li, Lance E Rodewald, Wei Zhang, Jian Liang, Xiaoping Shao, Qi Zhu, Jun Liu, Limei Sun, Jianfeng He","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00911-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00911-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The detection of type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV3) in an immunocompetent infant with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) raised concerns about potential transmission. This study aimed to investigate the risk of VDPV3 spread through comprehensive clinical, environmental, and epidemiological assessments. Existing literature highlights the rare emergence of VDPV3 in similar settings, emphasizing the need for robust surveillance and rapid response to prevent outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Stool specimen from an 8-month-old female infant presented with HFMD without paralysis or immunodeficiency was tested positive for VDPV3 with 12 nucleotide changes in Foshan City. The infant had received routine vaccinations before and was otherwise healthy. No additional VDPV3 was detected in her follow-up samples, and the child fully recovered without complications.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>A team was formed to investigate and respond in accordance with China's National Health Commission and World Health Organization guidelines. Investigation included obtaining stool specimens from the child, her contacts, and local healthy children to test for evidence of poliovirus; conducting enhanced environmental surveillance for VDPV3 in wastewater; measuring vaccination coverage; searching hospitals and communities for unreported acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases; and evaluating the index infant for immunodeficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No additional VDPV3s were detected in stool samples from the index infant, her contacts, or local healthy children. Similarly, no VDPV3s were identified in wastewater samples. The child's immune function was found to be normal. Historical vaccination coverage data revealed that Foshan had a high polio vaccination rate. An active search for AFP cases yielded no results. Over a period of more than one year, enhanced AFP surveillance and environmental surveillance were implemented, and no additional VDPV3s were detected during this time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on Foshan's high polio vaccine coverage rate, sensitive AFP case reporting system, and findings from the investigation, risk of transmission of VDPVs in the area was determined to be extremely low. No vaccination response was conducted. After one year of environmental and AFP surveillance, no further VDPV3s were detected, indicating cessation of transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The big win was that we actually cooked\"- a qualitative interview study about the parental experience of Family Meals on Prescription for children living with obesity.","authors":"Terese Torstensson, Gerd Almqvist-Tangen, Shawnee Waters, Jenny M Kindblom, Josefine Roswall, John E Chaplin, Lovisa Sjogren","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00921-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00921-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim was to evaluate the parental experiences of participating in the randomized controlled trial \"Family Meals on Prescription\" for childhood obesity. The intervention consisted of a weekly prepacked grocery bag with recipes to cover five evening meals for the whole family.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parental, semi-structed interviews were performed with at least one parent of the participating families. Inclusion criteria was that the family had actively participated in the intervention. The interview questions were formulated to explore the experiences, opinions and attitudes of the parents regarding the intervention. The interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed using both an inductive and deductive approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents (six mothers and five fathers) from ten families were interviewed. The thematic analysis identified that the intervention reduced stress and was supportive regarding meal planning. The parents described an increased knowledge concerning food and cooking in the whole family and changes in meal behaviours such as more regular meals, trying new food and consuming more vegetables. Negative experience concerning the portion size being too large making it hard to maintain boundaries were also highlighted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parents described that the intervention with a subsidized prepacked grocery bag supported them in adapting more positive behaviours related to family meals through decreased stress levels and including the children in the daily cooking in an encouraging way. This method has the potential to help this group by directly engaging the whole families in new behaviours and enhancing family cohesion.</p><p><strong>Registered: </strong>Registered at clinicaltrals.gov 27 Nov 2020, retrospectively registered: clinicaltrials.gov number 19,002,468. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05225350 .</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>Regular family meals and mealtime routines has been shown to be important for nutritional health and dietary patterns in children and adolescents. Intensive dietary intervention with a participatory approach in the home setting may be a novel tool in the treatment of childhood obesity.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>This study describes the parental experience of taking part of an intensive dietary intervention consisting of receiving prepacked grocery bags with the purpose to promote family meals. The parents described that the intervention led to more positive behaviours related to family meals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional and national burdens of alcoholic cardiomyopathy among the working-age population, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis.","authors":"Zhongkai Wang, Changyong Wu, Bingqing Zhang, Huang Sun, Wenjie Liu, Yuan Yang, Ying Gu, Lifei Pu, Lihui Zheng, Suli Bao, Yihua Luo, Ruijie Li, Yunzhu Peng","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00920-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00920-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) results from chronic alcohol misuse and primarily affects the working-age population (15-64 years). The global age-standardized rates (ASRs) of ACM disease burden declined slightly from 1990 to 2021, but the absolute cases increased, especially in high‒medium sociodemographic index (SDI) regions such as Eastern Europe. The aim of this study was to inform strategies to combat this preventable yet escalating health issue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to quantify the dynamics of prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for ACM. Decomposition analysis quantifies the contributor of disease burden in ACM. Additionally, we employed a health inequality analysis with two core indicators, the slope index (SI) and the concentration index (CIN), to assess national differences in the burden of ACM in relation to the SDI. Frontier analysis was used to identify preventable burdens with respect to optimized alcohol policies, particularly in high-middle SDI countries. Finally, we applied a Bayesian age‒cohort (BAPC) model to project the ACM burden to 2035.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed that the ASRs of prevalence, deaths, and DALYs decreased slightly from 1990 to 2021, whereas absolute cases of ACM continued to increase globally. Global income-based health disparities in ACM have intensified over the past 32 years, with high SDI populations disproportionately favoured. Population growth was the main driver of the increased ACM burden. The global burden of ACM is expected to increase in the future according to the BAPC model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The global burden of ACM continues to rise, primarily due to population ageing and insufficient prevention policies. This burden disproportionately impacts working-age populations, who face heightened vulnerability due to alcohol accessibility, premature mortality, and reduced workforce productivity. Moreover, economic growth paradoxically coincides with increased alcohol-related harm in regions with high-middle socioeconomic development-the alcohol control paradox. Projections highlight an urgent need for tailored alcohol control strategies, including stricter regulation and early cardiac screening in high-risk groups, to mitigate workforce productivity loss and align public health priorities with sustainable development goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trends of mortality, aetiologies and risk factors of lower respiratory infections in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.","authors":"Majed Ramadan, Rbab Bajunaid, Jood Abdulhafeez Alansari, Hala Yusef, Rawiah A Alsiary","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00882-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00882-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) are the fourth leading cause of death globally, affecting all age groups and leading to over 2 million deaths annually. Saudi Arabia faces a significant burden from LRIs, affecting more than 15% of the population each year. This study aims to provide an overview of LRI mortality, etiologies, and risk factors in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data on LRI mortality in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the 2021 edition of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Result Tool. The analysis encompassed mortality rates across all age groups, with particular emphasis on children under five and adults over 70. Four primary etiologies influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were examined, alongside 14 associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total LRI deaths in Saudi Arabia decreased by 6% from 1990 to 2021, with a significant reduction observed among children under five years old (96%). In contrast, LRI mortality among adults over 70 increased by 16% during the same period. The age-standardized mortality rate decreased by 47%, with significant reductions in deaths associated with pneumococcus and RSV. However, risk factors, such as smoking and ambient particulate matter pollution, showed minimal declines or even increased mortality rates in older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over the past three decades, Saudi Arabia has made significant progress in reducing LRI mortality, particularly among children under five. However, the increasing mortality rates among the elderly highlight the need for targeted interventions to address their unique vulnerabilities. Continued investment in public health infrastructure, vaccination coverage, and environmental health initiatives is essential for further reducing the burden of LRIs in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional experiences of Turkish university students with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study.","authors":"Şebnem Özgen Özkaya, Volkan Özkaya, Erman Gedıklı, Muazzez Garıpağaoğlu","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00908-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00908-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was performed in order to describe the nutritional experiences of university students with Type 1 diabetes who try to carry on their educational and social lives together in diabetes self-management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this descriptive and qualitative study, face-to-face and semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed with 15 university students with Type 1 diabetes, aged 18-30, resided in Istanbul, who were diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at least 5 years ago. The data collection process was performed by the researchers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data collected in accordance with the phenomenological approach were processed using guided content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the interview with the participants, whose mean age was 21.86 ± 2.03 years and 66.7% of those were female, 6 themes were listed as positive and negative experiences of students in diabetes management in the university environment, general nutritional preferences, nutritional attitudes in non-routine and social environments, regular nutrition and quality of campus life, nutrition during the exercise/sports period, university support and students' expectations from the environment and explained by their sub-dimensions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The change in living conditions with the transition to campus life, the new social environment, individualization and academic responsibilities make diabetes self-management a challenging, complex and supportive process. This study might guide the enhancement of university students' living conditions with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio and Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio as novel biomarkers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Amr Ali Mohamed Abdelgawwad El-Sehrawy, Maryam Jafari, Ahmed Hussein Zwamel, Pegah Rashidian, Suhas Ballal, Rishiv Kalia, Anima Nanda, Laxmidhar Maharana, Sepide Javankiani, Mohammad Hashemi, Ehsan Amini-Salehi","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00926-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00926-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health concern, with rising prevalence linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Timely and accurate identification of individuals at risk is crucial for improving outcomes. Recently, systemic inflammatory and nutritional markers such as the Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio (NPAR) and the Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio (NAR) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for NAFLD. Both ratios reflect inflammation and hepatic nutritional status, offering potential utility in predicting disease presence and progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of NPAR and NAR in patients with NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was performed across databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to December 28, 2024. Data extraction was carried out using a standardized form, and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 18, employing a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis demonstrated that both the Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio (NPAR) and the Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio (NAR) were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD compared to healthy individuals. NPAR showed a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.28 (95% CI: 0.22-0.35, P < 0.01), while NAR had a higher effect size with an SMD of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.44-0.93, P < 0.01). The pooled diagnostic performance of NPAR yielded a sensitivity of 69.5% (95% CI: 56.3-82.6%), specificity of 63.1% (95% CI: 46.6-70.0%), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 76.05% (95% CI: 66.3-85.7%). For NAR, the pooled sensitivity was 65.0% (95% CI: 49.0-82.0%), specificity was 63.0% (95% CI: 47.0-79.0%), and AUC was 69.0% (95% CI: 48.0-89.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, both NPAR and NAR were found to be elevated in individuals with NAFLD, supporting their potential as non-invasive and accessible biomarkers. These ratios reflect key aspects of systemic inflammation and nutritional status, offering clinical value in early detection and risk stratification. However, given the limited number of studies available-particularly for NAR-further research is needed to confirm these findings, establish standardized thresholds, and assess their performance across diverse populations and clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multilevel analysis of factors associated with stunting among children under five years in Lesotho: a study of the lesotho multiple cluster indicator survey 2018.","authors":"Nthatisi Leseba, Kerry Vermaak, Tiisetso Makatjane, Mapitso Lebuso","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00901-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00901-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) states that inadequate nutrition during the first 1,000 days of a child's life can contribute to stunted growth. Lesotho is currently experiencing a high prevalence of malnutrition across all age groups. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and multilevel factors associated with stunting among children under five in Lesotho.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used the Lesotho Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey of 2018. The data was analysed using STATA version 14 software, and a multilevel logistic regression model was fitted. The Wald adjusted odds ratio (WAOR) with a P-value < 0.05 was also taken to indicate statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of stunting was 33.6% [95% CI 31.6 33.6] amongst the children under five years old in Lesotho. At an individual level, the odds of stunting are lower for the children that did not receive the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) (WAOR = 0.52; CI: 0.3, 0.9), the children born with greater than 3.8 kg birth weight (WAOR = 0.51; CI: 0.4, 0.6), and those that did not have respiratory infections (WAOR = 0.61; CI: 0.4, 1.0) compared to their counterparts. At the household level, the likelihood of stunting was the lowest for education beyond secondary (WAOR = 0.26; CI: 0.2, 0.4), the fifth household wealth (WAOR = 0.34; CI: 02, 03), the safe sources of drinking water (WAOR = 0.72; CI: 06, 09) and inadequate toilet facilities (WAOR = 0.62; CI: 0.5, 0.7) compared to their counterparts. Higher odds were observed amongst the children from rural areas (WAOR = 1.95; CI: 1.3, 2.1), and mothers not residing within the household (WAOR = 1.30; CI: 1.1, 1.6) compared to their counterparts. At the community level, decreased odds were associated with the children from the communities with high community maternal education (WAOR = 0.69; CI: 0.6, 0.8) and the community male education (WAOR = 0.56; CI: 0.5, 0.7), as well as those in the communities with low safety of drinking water sources (WAOR = 0.73; CI: 0.3, 0.5), adequate toilet facilities (WAOR = 0.66; CI: 0.5, 0.8) and high maternal media exposure (WAOR = 0.37; CI: 0.3, 0.5) compared counterparts. The children from communities with high community poverty were two times (WAOR = 2.04; CI: 1.7, 2.5) more likely to be stunted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest targeting community food availability and knowledge acquisition. Expanding information availability through mass media would improve the nutritional status of children in Lesotho.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preconception health risks among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of implications for preconception care.","authors":"Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik, Andargachew Kassa Biratu, Amanuel Gessessew, Zohra S Lassi, Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay, Afework Mulugeta","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00888-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00888-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although preconception health risks are strongly linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes and offer opportunities to improve women's health, consolidated evidence remains limited in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This review aims to synthesize evidence on preconception health risks in SSA, a region with the highest global rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, African Index Medicus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published up to June 30, 2023. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Studies with at least one modifiable preconception risk were included. Due to inconsistencies in outcome measurements, participant variability, and high heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not reported. Findings were summarized in text, figures, and tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the review, researchers selected 83 articles from a total of 3,425 retrieved articles. Overall, this review revealed a high proportion of preconception health risks among the participants which includes underweight (0.64% to 36.2%), overweight (8.3% to 76.7%), anemia (36.7% to 58.1%), unintended pregnancy (4.2% to 94.3%), alcohol intake (5.3% to 68.7%), smoking (1.1% to 20.3%), chewing khat (9.9% to 27.6%), history of chronic medical conditions (2% to 16.6%), a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (11% to 51.9%), sexually transmitted infections (1.3% to 29.2%), psychosocial distress (13.9% to 60%), and intimate partner violence (6.7% to 43.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The systematic review found that numerous women in  SSA encounter various preconception health risks factors. Therefore, the governments of respective countries need to give emphasis and adopt policies to integrate preconception care services in to the existing healthcare system so that both financial and human resources need to be mobilized. There is gaps in research, as the true burden of preconception health risks may be underestimated due to fragmented risk assessment methods.</p><p><strong>Review registration: </strong>(PROSPERO: CRD42023446801).</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}