生酮饮食对成人肌肉质量、力量、有氧代谢能力和耐力的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Yaqi Wang, Quanzhou Xiao, Zhenming Zhang, Yan Yang
{"title":"生酮饮食对成人肌肉质量、力量、有氧代谢能力和耐力的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。","authors":"Yaqi Wang, Quanzhou Xiao, Zhenming Zhang, Yan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01090-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ketogenic diet (KD) has gained popularity as an efficient approach to weight loss and body fat loss. Concerns about reducing muscle mass and performance have been rising during weight loss, as muscle mass and functionality are crucial for health. However, the effects of the KD on muscles not only for athletes or trainers but also for adults with less physical exercise are still controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a thorough search of databases including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to July 19, 2025. Three aspects of muscle assessment were conducted, including muscle mass, power and strength, aerobic metabolic capacity, and endurance. We included randomized and non-randomized controlled studies that compared the KD with other dietary interventions. Studies without control groups were excluded. A random-effects model would be utilized when significant differences in populations and interventions across studies were of concern. The GRADE system was employed to assess evidence quality, while evidence reliability was gauged via sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 studies were analyzed, revealing no significant differences between the KD and other diets in muscle mass (WMD: 0.06, 95%CI: -1.97 to 2.09, p = 0.95), muscle power (countermovement jump: SMD: -0.06, 95%CI: -0.49 to 0.38, p = 0.80) and strength (squat: SMD: -0.19, 95%CI: -0.53 to 0.15, p = 0.27; bench press: SMD: -0.15, 95%CI: -0.49 to 0.18, p = 0.37). However, a significant decrease in fat-free mass (WMD: -0.48, 95%CI: -0.73 to -0.23, p < 0.001) and fat mass (WMD: -1.31, 95%CI: -2.06 to -0.57, p < 0.001) was observed in the KD group compared with the control group. The KD also improved fat oxidation (WMD: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.08 to 0.17, p < 0.001) and reduced respiratory exchange ratio (WMD: -0.07, 95%CI: -0.11 to -0.03, p < 0.001) during an exercise test. The VO<sub>2max</sub> and VO<sub>2max</sub> relative to body weight, treadmill time to exhaustion, and rating of perceived exertion were not significantly affected by KD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among adult populations, KD can increase fat oxidation to modify muscle metabolism, while no significant reduction in muscle mass or strength was observed. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to definitively determine the effects of ketogenic diets on muscle parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487320/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of ketogenic diet on muscle mass, strength, aerobic metabolic capacity, and endurance in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Yaqi Wang, Quanzhou Xiao, Zhenming Zhang, Yan Yang\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s41043-025-01090-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ketogenic diet (KD) has gained popularity as an efficient approach to weight loss and body fat loss. Concerns about reducing muscle mass and performance have been rising during weight loss, as muscle mass and functionality are crucial for health. However, the effects of the KD on muscles not only for athletes or trainers but also for adults with less physical exercise are still controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a thorough search of databases including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to July 19, 2025. Three aspects of muscle assessment were conducted, including muscle mass, power and strength, aerobic metabolic capacity, and endurance. We included randomized and non-randomized controlled studies that compared the KD with other dietary interventions. Studies without control groups were excluded. A random-effects model would be utilized when significant differences in populations and interventions across studies were of concern. The GRADE system was employed to assess evidence quality, while evidence reliability was gauged via sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 studies were analyzed, revealing no significant differences between the KD and other diets in muscle mass (WMD: 0.06, 95%CI: -1.97 to 2.09, p = 0.95), muscle power (countermovement jump: SMD: -0.06, 95%CI: -0.49 to 0.38, p = 0.80) and strength (squat: SMD: -0.19, 95%CI: -0.53 to 0.15, p = 0.27; bench press: SMD: -0.15, 95%CI: -0.49 to 0.18, p = 0.37). However, a significant decrease in fat-free mass (WMD: -0.48, 95%CI: -0.73 to -0.23, p < 0.001) and fat mass (WMD: -1.31, 95%CI: -2.06 to -0.57, p < 0.001) was observed in the KD group compared with the control group. The KD also improved fat oxidation (WMD: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.08 to 0.17, p < 0.001) and reduced respiratory exchange ratio (WMD: -0.07, 95%CI: -0.11 to -0.03, p < 0.001) during an exercise test. The VO<sub>2max</sub> and VO<sub>2max</sub> relative to body weight, treadmill time to exhaustion, and rating of perceived exertion were not significantly affected by KD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among adult populations, KD can increase fat oxidation to modify muscle metabolism, while no significant reduction in muscle mass or strength was observed. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to definitively determine the effects of ketogenic diets on muscle parameters.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15969,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition\",\"volume\":\"44 1\",\"pages\":\"346\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487320/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01090-z\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01090-z","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:生酮饮食(KD)作为一种有效的减肥和体脂减少的方法已经得到了普及。在减肥过程中,对减少肌肉质量和性能的担忧一直在增加,因为肌肉质量和功能对健康至关重要。然而,KD对肌肉的影响不仅对运动员或教练,而且对体育锻炼较少的成年人仍然存在争议。方法:对Embase、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science等数据库进行全面检索,检索时间截止到2025年7月19日。对肌肉进行了三个方面的评估,包括肌肉质量、力量和力量、有氧代谢能力和耐力。我们纳入了随机和非随机对照研究,将KD与其他饮食干预进行比较。没有对照组的研究被排除在外。当不同研究的人群和干预措施存在显著差异时,将采用随机效应模型。GRADE系统用于评估证据质量,而证据可靠性通过敏感性分析来衡量。结果:共分析了33项研究,结果显示KD与其他饮食在肌肉质量(WMD: 0.06, 95%CI: -1.97至2.09,p = 0.95)、肌肉力量(反动作跳跃:SMD: -0.06, 95%CI: -0.49至0.38,p = 0.80)和力量(深蹲:SMD: -0.19, 95%CI: -0.53至0.15,p = 0.27;卧推:SMD: -0.15, 95%CI: -0.49至0.18,p = 0.37)方面没有显著差异。然而,无脂质量(WMD: -0.48, 95%CI: -0.73至-0.23)、相对于体重的最大摄氧量和最大摄氧量(VO2max)、跑步机疲劳时间和感知运动等级的显著降低并未受到KD的显著影响。结论:在成人人群中,KD可以增加脂肪氧化以改变肌肉代谢,而没有观察到肌肉质量或力量的显著减少。额外的精心设计的随机对照试验是必要的,以明确地确定生酮饮食对肌肉参数的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of ketogenic diet on muscle mass, strength, aerobic metabolic capacity, and endurance in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) has gained popularity as an efficient approach to weight loss and body fat loss. Concerns about reducing muscle mass and performance have been rising during weight loss, as muscle mass and functionality are crucial for health. However, the effects of the KD on muscles not only for athletes or trainers but also for adults with less physical exercise are still controversial.

Methods: We conducted a thorough search of databases including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to July 19, 2025. Three aspects of muscle assessment were conducted, including muscle mass, power and strength, aerobic metabolic capacity, and endurance. We included randomized and non-randomized controlled studies that compared the KD with other dietary interventions. Studies without control groups were excluded. A random-effects model would be utilized when significant differences in populations and interventions across studies were of concern. The GRADE system was employed to assess evidence quality, while evidence reliability was gauged via sensitivity analysis.

Results: A total of 33 studies were analyzed, revealing no significant differences between the KD and other diets in muscle mass (WMD: 0.06, 95%CI: -1.97 to 2.09, p = 0.95), muscle power (countermovement jump: SMD: -0.06, 95%CI: -0.49 to 0.38, p = 0.80) and strength (squat: SMD: -0.19, 95%CI: -0.53 to 0.15, p = 0.27; bench press: SMD: -0.15, 95%CI: -0.49 to 0.18, p = 0.37). However, a significant decrease in fat-free mass (WMD: -0.48, 95%CI: -0.73 to -0.23, p < 0.001) and fat mass (WMD: -1.31, 95%CI: -2.06 to -0.57, p < 0.001) was observed in the KD group compared with the control group. The KD also improved fat oxidation (WMD: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.08 to 0.17, p < 0.001) and reduced respiratory exchange ratio (WMD: -0.07, 95%CI: -0.11 to -0.03, p < 0.001) during an exercise test. The VO2max and VO2max relative to body weight, treadmill time to exhaustion, and rating of perceived exertion were not significantly affected by KD.

Conclusions: Among adult populations, KD can increase fat oxidation to modify muscle metabolism, while no significant reduction in muscle mass or strength was observed. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to definitively determine the effects of ketogenic diets on muscle parameters.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition
Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition brings together research on all aspects of issues related to population, nutrition and health. The journal publishes articles across a broad range of topics including global health, maternal and child health, nutrition, common illnesses and determinants of population health.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信