Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A system dynamics analysis of agricultural practices and food security in Nigeria.","authors":"Chinemelum Amarachukwu Eneh, Onyenekenwa Cyprian Eneh","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01037-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01037-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food insecurity in Nigeria has persisted for decades, resisting various agricultural policies and programmes since the 1970s. This study investigates the impacts of traditional agriculture (TA), sustainable agriculture (SA), and industrial agriculture (IA) on food security in Nigeria from 2000 to 2022, using a system dynamics modelling approach supported by optimization and linear programming techniques. The model also accounts for climate change and land resource dynamics, integrating data from Nigeria and nine comparable countries to enhance robustness. Results show that while crop yield increased over time, food security fluctuated due to factors including land degradation and uneven food distribution. The findings highlight that improving agricultural productivity alone is insufficient; sustainable practices, climate adaptation, and improved distribution systems are essential for long-term food security in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining regional disparities in child malnutrition: insights from Maharashtra India.","authors":"Rushikesh Khadse, Rufi Shaikh","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00910-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00910-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition poses a significant challenge at the national level in developing countries like India, where the state-level situation varies considerably. Therefore, this study aims to investigate child nutrition across different geographical regions of Maharashtra and assess inequalities in child malnutrition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey (2019-21), the study employs univariate, bivariate, and Concentration Index statistical techniques for analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The findings reveal a decrease in the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight, with North Maharashtra exhibiting an alarming situation regarding underweight children. The study underscores the importance of dietary patterns as crucial determinants in reducing malnutrition prevalence, highlighting factors such as initial breastfeeding practices and bottle feeding. Notably, malnutrition is predominantly concentrated among poor households in Maharashtra.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the study concludes that while there has been a declining trend in the prevalence of malnutrition over time, there has been no change observed in the most recent survey rounds. Factors such as household wealth, maternal education, and dietary patterns are strongly associated with the nutritional status of children. The importance of investigating the factors contributing to the stagnation in malnutrition reduction observed in recent survey rounds. Efforts should be directed towards addressing these underlying issues to effectively combat malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of per capita income on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in selected African countries: a panel study.","authors":"Mustapha Immurana, Ibrahim Abdullahi","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00985-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00985-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis is one of the parasitic diseases of poverty caused by larval forms of trematode worms. Individuals get infected upon contact with water infected by these larvae through skin penetration. Thus, poor people without access to basic water and sanitation services, among others are more likely to contract the disease. The greatest burden of the disease is found in Africa where over 200 million people require preventive treatment. Given that Africa has experienced economic growth in recent times, albeit with some declines, this study investigated the effect of per capita income on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in selected countries on the continent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed panel data on 35 African countries over the period 2002-2019. The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021 database and the World Bank's World Development Indicators (WB's WDI) database. Prevalence of schistosomiasis i) among males and females (overall), ii) among males and iii) among females were used as the baseline dependent variables. Three other indicators of schistosomiasis were used for robustness purposes. The growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (per capita income) was used as the main independent variable. The dynamic panel system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regression was employed as the empirical estimation technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the baseline, the study found a negative significant effect of per capita income on the prevalence of schistosomiasis (overall prevalence of schistosomiasis (β = -0.021, p < 0.05), prevalence of schistosomiasis among males (β = -0.04, p < 0.01) and prevalence of schistosomiasis among females (β = -0.04, p < 0.01)). The findings were not qualitatively different when the three other indicators of schistosomiasis were used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enhancing per capita income on the African continent remains critical towards the fight against schistosomiasis. Therefore, measures such as educational and skills development, technological advancement, among others, that can enhance per capita income should be deepened by governments, firms (including financial institutions) and other stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic burden and quality of life caused by non-hodgkin lymphoma cancer in Iran.","authors":"Marzieh Ghiasi, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht, Amirmohammad Tajik, Vahid Ghavami, Roham Salek, Mahboubeh Darabi, Sahar Mohammadnabizadeh, Seyyed Morteza Mojtabaeian, Farshad Sharifi, Mehdi Varmaghani","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01033-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01033-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) poses significant clinical and economic challenges in Iran, where rising cancer rates strain healthcare systems and compromise patient quality of life. This study assesses the direct and indirect costs associated with NHL and their impact on patient well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted over a six-month period at Omid Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 83 NHL patients using validated questionnaires adapted to capture detailed information on direct medical and non-medical expenses, as well as productivity losses. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed via the EQ-5D and EORTC QLQ-C30 instruments. Statistical analyses, including regression models performed in STATA, were employed to examine associations between disease stage, costs, and QOL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Direct treatment costs by stage were $1,078.11 ± $631.45 (stage 1), $583.40 ± $289.73 (stage 2), $810.42 ± $324.46 (stage 3), and $662.59 ± $361.70 (stage 4). Indirect costs were $56.72 ± $7.36 (stage 1), $82.80 ± $21.39 (stage 2), $105.15 ± $24.02 (stage 3), and $116.32 ± $34.92 (stage 4), totaling $1,334.63 ± $711.56 (stage 1), $1,161.43 ± $494.97 (stage 2), $1,297.07 ± $337.16 (stage 3), and $1,119.32 ± $457.27 (stage 4). EQ-5D scores fell from 0.63 ± 0.23 (stage 1) to 0.43 ± 0.29 (stage 4) at baseline, reflecting similar trends after six months. These results suggest that overall QOL, as measured by QOL, tends to decrease as the disease progresses from stage 1 to stage 4. However, there may be some variations in QOL changes between different stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the substantial economic burden of NHL and its adverse impact on patient quality of life in Iran. Early diagnosis, improved access to specialized cancer centers, and increased financial support are crucial for enhancing health outcomes for NHL patients. Implementing these studies can improve patient access to care and boost overall health outcomes in society.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) on metabolic syndrome components in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Naiiere Gharagozloo Hesari, Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh, Parvin Mohebbi, Malihe Nasiri, Ahmad Khosravi","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01025-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01025-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to illustrate the effect of garlic supplementation on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2020 to 2021, a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 97 women with PCOS and MetS. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either garlic tablets (500 mg containing 2-3 mg allicin; n = 49) or placebo tablets (n = 48) twice daily for 8 weeks. The study assessed changes in MetS indices, quality of life (QoL), and sexual function before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 weeks, the garlic group showed significant reductions in fasting blood sugar (FBS) by 10.5% (from 107.2 to 95.9 mg/dL; P < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) by 17.8% (P = 0.002), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 14.2% (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) by 12.6% (P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) by 24.7% (P < 0.001), compared to the placebo group. A significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels was also observed (18.3%; P = 0.005). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly by 5.2% and 6.1%, respectively (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001), and both weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). However, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) did not change significantly (P = 0.86). Notable improvements were also observed in all six domains of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)- desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain (P < 0.05 for all). Moreover, significant enhancements were recorded in all domains of the Modified Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MPCOSQ), including hirsutism, acne, weight, infertility, menstrual, and emotional disturbances (P < 0.001 for all). The study's limitations include a relatively short follow-up period, lack of strict dietary control, and the omission of some relevant hormonal assays (e.g., androstenedione, DHEA, and DHEAS) due to budgetary constraints.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that garlic supplementation may be an effective strategy for managing MetS markers in women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRCT20150905023897N4, Registration date: 09/11/2019 ( https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/42316 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Mengxia Li, Bingqing Xu, Hao Yu, Yanan Wan, Zheng Zhu, Pengfei Luo, Jian Su, Jinyi Zhou, Xikang Fan","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01026-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01026-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between serum lipid levels and the risk of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK Biobank.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed this prospective study in 381,938 adults without COPD from UK Biobank. Serum high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured and classified into quintiles. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was applied to visualize the dose-response relationship between lipids and COPD risk and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We documented 10,443 incident COPD cases. Nonlinear relationships were found between HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, ApoA, ApoB and COPD risk with RCS analysis (P values for non-linearity < 0.05). Accordingly, multivariable-adjusted regression analysis indicated abnormal HDL-C and ApoA, and low LDL-C, TC and ApoB were associated with increased risk of COPD. Compared to intermediate quintile (Q3) group, both high or low HDL-C and ApoA were associated with risk of COPD. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 1.15 (1.08-1.22), 1.16 (1.09-1.23) in Q1 group and 1.08 (1.01-1.16), 1.07 (1.00-1.14) in Q5 group. For LDL-C, TC and ApoB, there were more than 29% higher risk was observed in Q1 group with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.34 (1.27-1.42), 1.38 (1.30-1.46) and 1.29 (1.21-1.37), while HRs (95% CIs) were 0.88 (0.83-0.94), 0.92 (0.86-0.98) and 0.90 (0.84-0.95) in Q5 groups. We also observed the interactions between specific lipids and age at recruitment, sex and smoking status with stratified analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides the first evidence demonstrating the associations between six major serum lipids and COPD risk, revealing multiple nonlinear relationships. There were U-shaped associations between serum HDL-C, ApoA and COPD risk, and L-shaped associations between LDL-C, TC, ApoB and COPD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Chinese visceral adiposity index and sarcopenia: a China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)-based longitudinal analysis.","authors":"Changbo Sun, Honggang Jiang, Hongmei Zhu, Chengkai Shao, Zhen Luo, Bin Zhang, Xudong Zhang, Shiyi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01030-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01030-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sarcopenia, characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass and function, is increasingly associated with metabolic dysregulation. However, the relationship between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), a reliable indicator for assessing visceral fat, and sarcopenia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between CVAI and the incidence of sarcopenia among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Baseline and follow-up data were collected from the 2011 and 2015 waves, respectively, of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Sarcopenia was defined based on the 2019 consensus update from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between CVAI and sarcopenia. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to explore the potential nonlinear associations and dose-response relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,532 participants were included, of whom 284 (6.27%) developed sarcopenia in the 2015 wave. After adjusting for confounders, higher CVAI levels were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. Participants in the highest quartile (Q4, CVAI ≥ 129.74) exhibited the lowest risk of sarcopenia (OR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.04-0.11). RCS analysis confirmed a linear inverse association between CVAI and the risk of sarcopenia (P for nonlinear = 0.423). Stratified analyses revealed significant interactions between CVAI and age (P = 0.011) and between CVAI and chronic kidney disease (P = 0.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a potential inverse relationship between elevated CVAI levels and the risk of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Muyou Wei, Junjiang Wei, Shengsheng Huang","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01010-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01010-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Minerals are essential for maintaining bone health; however, the relationship between specific mineral intakes and bone mineral density (BMD) remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to examine the associations between the intakes of dietary minerals, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and selenium (Se), and BMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate weighted generalized linear regression and smooth curve fitting were applied to evaluate the associations between dietary mineral intakes and BMD. Furthermore, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to assess the consistency of these associations across different individual characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11,520 representative adult participants were included in the study. Tertile-based categorical analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the intakes of Ca [β: 0.0096, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): (0.0001, 0.0192)], Mg [β: 0.0207, 95% CI: (0.0107, 0.0307)], Fe [β: 0.0157, 95% CI: (0.0061, 0.0253)], Zn [β: 0.0106, 95% CI: (0.0020, 0.0192)], Cu [β: 0.0088, 95% CI: (0.0000, 0.0176)], Na [β: 0.0126, 95% CI: (0.0024, 0.0228)], and Se [β: 0.0123, 95% CI: (0.0024, 0.0221)] and BMD (all P < 0.05). Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analyses further demonstrated nonlinear relationships between mineral intakes and BMD. Subgroup analyses identified significant modulating effects of sex on the associations with Ca, Fe, and Na, as well as an interaction between diabetic status and Ca intake (all P for interaction < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidates the intricate relationships between dietary mineral intakes and BMD. These findings offer preliminary insights into the potential for tailored nutritional strategies in bone health management across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family involvement along the care continuum for small and sick newborns - attitudes and skills of healthcare providers in Ghana.","authors":"Christina Schuler, Faith Agbozo, Emmanuel Bansah, Richard Owusu, George Edward Ntow, Barbara Preusse-Bleuler, Riccardo E Pfister","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-01001-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria in the urine of females in their reproductive ages in the Tamale Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Rashida Ibrahim, Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah, Kennedy Mensah Osei","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00853-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00853-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regardless of where the illness occurs in the urinary tract, a urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the presence of substantial bacteria in urine. The objective was to determine the prevalence of UTIs among females in their reproductive age group (15-45 years) in Tamale Teaching Hospital. A total of 132 samples were collected for urine culture and sensitivity from January to April 2022. The urine samples were analysed using biochemical methods. The isolated bacterial pathogens were identified using standard bacteriological methods. In the 132 urine samples analysed, a higher frequency of bacteria was observed in the age group 21-25 years, followed by the age group 26-30 years, and then 15-20 years. Klebsiella spp had a prevalence rate of 30.95% followed by E. coli (23.81%), Klebsiella oxytoca (14.29%), Acinetobacter baumannii (7.14%), Citrobacter freudii (2.38%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.38%) and the other gram-positive organisms put together had 19.05%. Klebsiella spp was the most dominant bacteria pathogen causing UTIs among females. The isolated bacterial pathogens were most sensitive to Meropenem (MRP) and Levofloxacin (LVX). Acinetobacter baumannii was the only isolated bacteria pathogen resistant to MRP. Based on the study's outcomes, LVX and MRP are suggested as first-line treatments for UTIs whilst doctors wait for culture and sensitivity test results from the lab.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}