Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mobin Marzban Abbas Abadi, Seyedeh Tahereh Emadian, Mohammad Zamani, Majid Khalilizad","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00946-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00946-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although prior studies alluded to the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and osteoporosis, the exact prevalence of osteoporosis in this patient population remains variably reported. Therefore, we aimed to systematically explore the overall prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus, from the inception until 31 May 2024. We included studies that reported cross-sectional data on the prevalence of osteoporosis in at least 100 adult (≥ 18 years) patients with IBD. We combined the data extracted from the eligible studies to obtain pooled estimates using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 articles were included, comprising 417,298 patients with IBD. Our analysis showed that the overall pooled prevalence of osteoporosis in IBD patients was 12.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.1-15.3; I² = 99.7%), with varying rates by country. We also found that the osteoporosis risk in patients with IBD increased versus controls (pooled odds ratio = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.24-2.16). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis by disease type (Crohn's disease, 14.9% [95% CI: 8.8-20.9]; ulcerative colitis, 11.4% [95% CI: 5.8-17.0]; p for interaction = 0.408) and sex (men, 9.6% [95% CI: 3.0-16.3]; women, 10.5% [95% CI: 6.8-14.1]; p for interaction = 0.832).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with IBD, though variations by disease type and sex are not probably observed. We witnessed high heterogeneity among the studies. Tailored approaches are warranted for osteoporosis screening and management in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of machine learning algorithms in osteoporosis analysis based on cardiovascular health assessed by life's essential 8: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Haolin Shi, Yangyi Fang, Xiuhua Ma","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00941-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00941-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Life's Essential 8 (LE8) for assessing cardiovascular health (CVH) has been demonstrated to be inversely associated with osteoporosis (OP). This study aims to create a machine learning (ML) model to assess the clinical association value of lifestyle and behavioral factors, assessed by LE8, on OP risk in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), encompassing participants aged ≧ 50 with comprehensive LE8 and OP information. Initially, the study compared the characteristics of participants with OP against those with normal bone health. Linear and nonlinear associations of LE8 and OP were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS). Subsequently, LE8 features were integrated into six distinct ML models for OP analysis. Evaluate model performance using relevant metrics and curves. The best-performing model was further analyzed using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to rank and clarify the positives and negatives of the contribution of individual LE8 components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,902 participants, 364 (9.33%) were identified as having OP. Conventional regression showed that health behaviors (HB) and health factors (HF) in LE8 were negatively and positively correlated with OP, respectively, and that total LE8 was nonlinearly associated with OP. Through comparison of the Area Under the Curve (AUC), Accuracy, F1-Score, Precision, Recall, Specificity, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and Calibration Curve Analysis (CCA), the optimal performance achieved by the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model incorporating the 20 features. SHAP analysis revealed that the contributions of LE8 components were ranked as follows: Body Mass Index (BMI) > sleep health > blood glucose > nicotine exposure > blood lipids > blood pressure > Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) > physical activity. Where sleep health, blood lipids, and HEI-2015 were the main negative contributors to OP, BMI was the main positive contributor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The integration of LE8 with a LightGBM model offers a promising strategy for analysing OP in the American population, underscoring the potential of ML approaches in enhancing clinical assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative assessment of war-related rehabilitation needs and gaps in Ukraine.","authors":"Lynn Lieberman Lawry, Jessica Korona-Bailey, Tiffany E Hamm, John Maddox, Miranda Janvrin, Luke Juman, Oleh Berezyuk, George Smolinski, William Brim, Tracey Perez Koehlmoos","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00912-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00912-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ukraine's Ministry of Health formally recognized rehabilitation as an essential component of universal health coverage in 2020. However, services remain fragmented and under-resourced, particularly following the full-scale invasion by the Russian Federation in February 2022. Widespread injuries due to trench warfare, drones, and large-scale ground combat have placed unprecedented strain on the Ukrainian trauma and rehabilitation systems, which continue to lack a cohesive national strategy. This study aimed to (1) assess the trauma and rehabilitation system in Ukraine during the ongoing conflict; (2) identify current needs, gaps, and opportunities for strengthening rehabilitation services; and (3) inform national and international stakeholders-including the United States and NATO-about urgent priorities to support Ukraine's rehabilitation infrastructure, reintegration pathways, and gender-sensitive care delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted 36 qualitative key informant interviews across all NATO levels of care using an adapted Global Trauma System Evaluation Tool. Thematic analysis focused on rehabilitation-related domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents highlighted shortages in staff, equipment, and mental health integration. Rehabilitation remains unevenly implemented, with better access for military versus civilian patients. Care for survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and support for women's equitable access were consistently cited gaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ukraine's growing burden of war-related injuries necessitates urgent investment in a coordinated national rehabilitation strategy. Priorities include workforce development, equipment supply, mental health integration, and inclusive care models that address the needs of women and conflict related sexual violence survivors. Evidence-based rehabilitation, supported by validated training for clinicians, is essential for long-term recovery, societal reintegration, and national resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms and clinical outcomes in adults with different baseline vitamin D levels: an interventional study.","authors":"Osama Albasheer, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Ahmad Alqassim, Hatim Alessa, Afnan Madkhali, Afaf Hakami, Jamal Mohieddin, Anas E Ahmed, Suhaila Ali, Amani Abdelmola, Omar Oraibi, Amal H Mohamed, Gassem Gohal, Ahmed Abdallah Altraifi, Isameldin E Medani","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00881-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00881-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypovitaminosis D or vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health issue. Several vitamin D preparations are currently available. However, there is no consensus on the optimal dose and duration of vitamin D supplementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms and clinical outcomes in adults with insufficient or deficient baseline vitamin D levels.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A pre-post two-month intervention with 50,000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation for adults with documented insufficient or deficient baseline vitamin D levels, presented at Jazan University Hospital from August to December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 204 participants, 65.1% had baseline vitamin D levels < 30 nmol/L. Vitamin D insufficiency is more prevalent among females, older adults, married individuals, and those with low income. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.5). The symptoms and clinical outcomes were significantly improved after 2 months of vitamin D3 supplementation for the participants who achieved vitamin D levels > 50 nmol/L (p = 0.000). After adjusting for multiple confounders, the significant determinants of symptom improvement and clinical outcomes post-supplementation included education level, income, smoking status, and baseline vitamin D level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hypovitaminosis D or vitamin D deficiency was observed in study participants. The use of a 50,000 IU cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) orally once per week for two months is sufficient to improve the symptoms and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency. However, long-term follow-up could better assess the sustainability of benefits and explore long-term outcomes, such as the risk of deficiency recurrence.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study examining the relationship between the advanced lung cancer inflammation index and prostate cancer.","authors":"Mengjun Huang, Qiliang Teng, Dong Ning, Tongyu Tong, Fei Cao, Yiting Wang, Hanqi Lei, Jun Pang","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00933-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00933-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa), a significant health concern among middle-aged and elderly men globally, has increasingly been associated with metabolic and inflammatory processes. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), a novel marker reflecting nutritional and inflammatory status, has not yet been thoroughly investigated in the context of PCa. This study investigated the potential link between ALI and PCa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relationship between ALI and PCa was examined by NHANES-provided survey weights. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analyses were conducted to evaluate possible nonlinear associations. Then we analyzed the correlation between the prognosis of PCa patients and ALI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 15,042 adult participants, 683 (4.54%) were diagnosed with PCa. The risk of PCa decreased across increasing quartiles of ALI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to participants in the lowest ALI quartile (Q1: 2.89-41.94), those in higher quartiles (Q2: 41.94-59.08, Q3: 59.08-80.88, and Q4: ≥80.88) had progressively lower odds of developing PCa in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Smoothed curve fitting indicated a U-shaped relationship between ALI and PCa. Longitudinal follow-up data indicated that lower ALI values were positively correlated with a poor survival in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed a non-linear relationship between ALI and the risk of PCa development. Specifically, there was a negative correlation between ALI and PCa risk when the ALI value was < 100. Furthermore, we found that lower ALI levels are strongly associated with a poor survival in cancer patients. Additional large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the dietary inflammatory index and allergic rhinitis results from the National health and nutrition examination survey (2005-2006).","authors":"Hanchao Shen, Jie Liao, Lan Zhang, Peijia Li, Luyun Jiang, Tao Guo, Ya Yu, Hui Xie","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00932-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00932-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common chronic inflammatory condition known as allergic rhinitis(AR) has a major negative influence on people's health and puts a heavy strain on the world's healthcare systems. Despite the significant incidence of AR. This study aims to assess the potential link between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the risk of developing AR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved the analysis of data from 3,938 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in 2005-2006. The DII score was used to evaluate the inflammatory potential of the participants' diets, and Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between DII (in tertiles) and having AR, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were conducted to evaluate effect modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study demonstrated a positive correlation between the DII and the odds of AR prevalence. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to individuals in the lowest tertile, those in the highest DII tertile had a 34% higher odds of AR prevalence.(OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09-1.65). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction (P < 0.05 for interaction) when stratified by sex and BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results show that a higher DII score corresponds to the odds of AR prevalence, emphasizing the possible reduction of AR risk that can be achieved by eating a diet strong in anti-inflammatory nutrients and low in pro-inflammatory foods. This study emphasizes the role that dietary choices play in managing the risk of developing AR.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary intake of folate, serum folate, and red blood cell folate with mortality risk in patients with depression: a population-based longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Ying Xu, Caijuan Huang, Haiping Yang","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00898-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00898-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Folate level is associated with depression, yet prospective evidence is lacking on the relationship of dietary intake, serum, and red blood cell (RBC) folate levels with mortality risk in patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary intake, serum, and RBC folate data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 were included. Depression was diagnosed using the PHQ-9 with a cutoff value of 5. Additionally, all-cause and cause-specific mortality data up to December 31, 2019, were determined from the National Death Index. Weighted multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to determine the relationship between folate and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4843 adult patients with depression were included, with a mean age of 45.16 years, and females accounted for 61.59%. Over a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, 544 participants died. Weighted Cox regression showed that, after adjustment, only RBC folate among nine folate indicators significantly predicted all-cause mortality in patients with depression. A per standard deviation (SD) increase in RBC folate increased the all-cause mortality risk by 12% (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21, p = 0.003). RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association of RBC folate with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, with inflection points at 540.5 ng/ml, 575.2 ng/ml, and 624.1 ng/ml, respectively. Further segmented regression showed that an increase in RBC folate reduced only cancer mortality risk to the left of the inflection points. To the right of these points, RBC folate was significantly positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality risks.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>RBC folate exhibited a U-shaped association with all-cause, cardiovascular-specific, and cancer-specific mortality risks in patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary and serum folate were not associated with overall mortality rates in patients with depression. However, RBC folate exhibited a U-shaped association with all-cause, cardiovascular-specific, and cancer-specific mortality risks in patients with depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index with diabetic nephropathy and reduced kidney function among women: a case-control study.","authors":"Faezeh Abaj, Atieh Mirzababaei, Mohammad Gholizadeh, Yasaman Aali, Paria Jadidi, Reza Amiri Khosroshahi, Cain C T Clark, Khadijeh Mirzaei","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00895-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00895-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased insulin levels lead to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR). IR is one of the main causes of the onset and progression of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) and kidney failure in type 2 diabetic patients. The present case-control study sought to investigate the relationship between dietary insulin load (DIL) and index (DII) and the odds of DN and kidney function decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran, we enrolled 105 eligible women with DN and 105 controls (30-65 years old). Dietary insulin load (DIL) and index (DII) were assessed using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Using standard protocols, biochemical variables and anthropometric measurements were evaluated for all patients. To investigate potential associations, binary logistic regression was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that higher DII was associated with 2.72 times higher odds of albuminuria (OR: 2.77; 95% CI 1.16, 6.63) and 1.92 times higher odds of DN (OR: 1.92; 95% CI 1.11, 3.32) compared to lower adherence. Additionally, DIL was found to be statistically highly connected with mild to severe reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in participants and 1.82 times greater odds of DN (OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.01, 3.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this research showed that a higher odds of DN were related to a higher level of adherence to DIL and DII. Increased adherence to DIL was strongly correlated with the likelihood of a decreased GFR. To clarify our findings, more prospective research is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household iodized salt consumption and iodine status in women of reproductive age in Angola: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Emanuel Catumbela, Manuel de Lemos, Tazi Nimi, Carlos Têmbua, Joana Paula Paixão, Alexandre Kapapelo, Sabas Kimboka, Fanceni Baldé, Victor Ngongalah, Osvaldo da Costa, Natália da Conceinção, Ema Fernandes, Filomeno Fortes","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00907-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00907-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first evaluation of iodine nutritional status in Angola was carried out in 2006. This involved a limited survey of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among school-aged children, conducted in 24 schools within the municipalities of Bié Province. Almost all the children had moderate to high levels of iodine deficiency, with a median UIC below 100 μg/L. In 2004, the Iodine Global Network ranked Angola among the world's ten countries with the highest prevalence of iodine deficiency. This study aims to assess the household level of iodized salt and iodine status in women of reproductive age in Angola.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2019, we conducted an observational, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study, stratified by altitude, using data from the 2014 Census. A multi-stage, proportional stratified sample selected 2250 households across the country, with 450 per province (Luanda, Cuanza Sul, Bie, Cunene, and Moxico). Descriptive statistics (means, medians, frequencies) were used to characterize the variables. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to assess differences in iodine concentration between strata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the findings indicated that 74.3% of households used salt containing some iodine, but only 29.2% used salt with adequate iodization (15-40 ppm). The median UIC was 102.2 µg/L in pregnant women and 108.2 µg/L in non-pregnant women. No statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups (p = 0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Key findings of the survey showed that the majority of the population in this study is consuming iodized salt below the range recommended by the World Health Organization. This result highlights the need to review the current iodine deficiency disorder control program and develop a country action plan to ensure that over 90 percent of households sustainably use adequately iodized salt and all women of reproductive age have adequate iodine intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and response to a type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus detected in an infant with hand, foot, and mouth disease - Guangdong, China, 2023.","authors":"Jialing Li, Lance E Rodewald, Wei Zhang, Jian Liang, Xiaoping Shao, Qi Zhu, Jun Liu, Limei Sun, Jianfeng He","doi":"10.1186/s41043-025-00911-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-025-00911-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The detection of type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV3) in an immunocompetent infant with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) raised concerns about potential transmission. This study aimed to investigate the risk of VDPV3 spread through comprehensive clinical, environmental, and epidemiological assessments. Existing literature highlights the rare emergence of VDPV3 in similar settings, emphasizing the need for robust surveillance and rapid response to prevent outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Stool specimen from an 8-month-old female infant presented with HFMD without paralysis or immunodeficiency was tested positive for VDPV3 with 12 nucleotide changes in Foshan City. The infant had received routine vaccinations before and was otherwise healthy. No additional VDPV3 was detected in her follow-up samples, and the child fully recovered without complications.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>A team was formed to investigate and respond in accordance with China's National Health Commission and World Health Organization guidelines. Investigation included obtaining stool specimens from the child, her contacts, and local healthy children to test for evidence of poliovirus; conducting enhanced environmental surveillance for VDPV3 in wastewater; measuring vaccination coverage; searching hospitals and communities for unreported acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases; and evaluating the index infant for immunodeficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No additional VDPV3s were detected in stool samples from the index infant, her contacts, or local healthy children. Similarly, no VDPV3s were identified in wastewater samples. The child's immune function was found to be normal. Historical vaccination coverage data revealed that Foshan had a high polio vaccination rate. An active search for AFP cases yielded no results. Over a period of more than one year, enhanced AFP surveillance and environmental surveillance were implemented, and no additional VDPV3s were detected during this time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on Foshan's high polio vaccine coverage rate, sensitive AFP case reporting system, and findings from the investigation, risk of transmission of VDPVs in the area was determined to be extremely low. No vaccination response was conducted. After one year of environmental and AFP surveillance, no further VDPV3s were detected, indicating cessation of transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}