Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"A Sample-to-Detection (S2D) Nano-Biosensing System to Rapidly Detect Salmonella in Poultry Processing Samples","authors":"Anthony James Franco ,&nbsp;Woubit Abebe ,&nbsp;Tina Conklin ,&nbsp;Roger Stearns ,&nbsp;Mollie Woods ,&nbsp;Evangelyn Alocilja","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is one of the most infectious foodborne pathogens, often associated with poultry. The speed of current detection methods is inadequate to address the growing global demand for poultry product safety. In this study, a sample-to-detection (S2D) nano-biosensing system was developed using glycan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to concentrate cells from poultry processing plant samples, and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to detect <em>Salmonella</em> genomic DNA. More colonies were observed after MNP-aided preparation of poultry swabs, rinsate, and ground poultry meat samples, indicating a successful <em>Salmonella</em> concentration. The GNP-based DNA detection was selective towards the invA gene of <em>Salmonella</em>, with a detection limit of 2.5 ng/µL of dsDNA, translating to detecting 10³ CFU/mL in the samples. The results of the S2D system were comparable with those of culture- and PCR-based detection methods, which served as standards. The S2D analysis time was less than 4 h, significantly shorter than conventional methods. This study demonstrates the potential of the S2D system as a rapid screening tool to complement standard procedures for timely foodborne pathogen monitoring in poultry processing plants, leading to the protection of public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Wiping Materials on the Elimination from Surfaces of Dry Surface Biofilm of Bacteria of Food Safety Concern","authors":"Rebecca Wesgate,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Maillard","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> spp. and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> are common foodborne pathogens that easily contaminate food preparation surfaces. <em>Salmonella</em>’s ability to form dry surface biofilms (DSBs) likely exacerbates surface persistence, making effective removal from food contact surfaces essential. This study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of food contact surface sanitizers against artificial <em>L. monocytogenes</em> DSBs, with comparisons to hydrated biofilms and dried planktonic cells. We hypothesized that the effectiveness of no-rinse, quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based sanitizers depends on both the wiping material used and the bacterial strain present.</div><div>Two preformulated no-rinse QAC sanitizers and one QAC spray were tested with six commercial wiping materials against three dried planktonic <em>Salmonella</em> spp. and one <em>L. monocytogenes</em>, as well as their DSBs, on stainless steel surfaces. Dried planktonic cells were more easily eliminated than DSBs, achieving approximately 4 log₁₀ versus 2 log₁₀ reductions, respectively. Although no-rinse QAC sanitizers are designed to reduce bacterial levels to acceptable limits, formulation constraints may limit their cleaning efficacy, particularly against DSBs in the presence of organic matter.</div><div>Preformulated QAC wipes were less effective than spraying the sanitizer followed by wiping. Wiping material type significantly influenced efficacy: paper towels significantly outperformed cloths, though performance varied among brands, and one sponge was the most effective overall.</div><div>This study underscores the need to carefully select wiping materials and no-rinse food contact surface sanitizers to eliminate <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Listeria</em> DSBs, ensuring effective sanitation practices in foodservice settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apple Drying Process Lethality Prediction Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Xiyang Liu ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Grasso-Kelley ,&nbsp;Alvin Lee ,&nbsp;Nathan M. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of drying temperature, bed depth, and airflow on Salmonella lethality achieved during hot-air drying of inoculated apple cubes to a fixed water activity level, using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. Apples were dried under 15 conditions, and Salmonella inactivation was estimated at a product water activity (a_w) of 0.60, a level representative of a relatively higher-a_w dried apple product. Across all trials, Salmonella inactivation correlated linearly (R² = 0.91–0.97) with a_w reduction, allowing a_w to be used as a practical proxy for drying process lethality estimation. Estimated <em>Salmonella</em> inactivation at a_w 0.60 ranged from 2.25 ± 0.11 to 4.97 ± 0.21 log CFU/4 cubes. A refined response surface methodology (RSM) model captured the significant linear effects of temperature, airflow, and bed depth, and a marginal interaction between airflow and bed depth. Higher temperature and airflow enhanced lethality, while a deeper bed reduced lethality. However, the positive effect of airflow diminished at greater bed depths. Model validation under three randomly selected drying conditions showed strong agreement between model predictions and experimental observations, with a low root mean square error of prediction (0.371 log CFU/4 cubes), an accuracy factor of 1.101, and a bias factor of 1.073 (7.3% overprediction). These results demonstrate that water activity reduction can be used as a reliable indicator of microbial lethality in hot-air apple drying and that the developed RSM model provided a robust tool to predict Salmonella inactivation across practical processing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Produce Safety Rule Supplemental Training and Grower Learning Impact: Experimental Evidence from Latin America","authors":"Eric Sarpong Owusu ,&nbsp;Clare Narrod ,&nbsp;Ana Marisa Cordero ,&nbsp;Noemí Zúñiga Thimeos","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Produce Safety Rule (PSR), implemented under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), mandates science-based training for produce growers to strengthen food safety practices. Recognizing limitations of standard training for international audiences, particularly in Latin America, a supplemental training package was developed to better support international compliance efforts. Yet limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of such interventions. This study evaluates the impact of supplemental training materials, comprising web-based videos, infographics, and memes, using a randomized controlled trial in Mexico, Chile, and Costa Rica. The experiment included 298 growers (149 owners/managers and 149 supervisors) who were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups, and learning outcomes were assessed with pre- and post-training knowledge tests separately for each group. Results show that supplemental training improved knowledge scores by approximately 8% points (pp) for owners/managers and 7 pp for supervisors, with larger effects among compliers (11 pp and 8 pp, respectively). These findings demonstrate the potential of tailored interventions to enhance the effectiveness of FDA-recognized PSR grower training for international audiences. Strengthening grower knowledge at this stage of the compliance pathway supports broader food safety capacity-building and underscores the global relevance of FSMA implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146028786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella in Backyard Poultry: Prevalence, Outbreaks, Trends, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Emerging Risks","authors":"Richard Y. Otwey,&nbsp;Sandesh Chapagain,&nbsp;Unishma Ghimire,&nbsp;Janak Dhakal","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> infections associated with backyard poultry in the United States are on a steady rise, corresponding to the increase in backyard poultry farming. Over the past decade, the CDC has reported a total of 9,923 cases of human salmonellosis across multiple states linked with backyard poultry, most of them involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, underscoring the significance and sustained public health threat. This review evaluates and synthesizes national surveillance data, outbreak reports, and published studies to examine the prevalence, serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and epidemiological trends of <em>Salmonella</em> in backyard poultry from 2012 to 2025. Investigations of multistate outbreaks in these 14 years showed consistent involvement of six serotypes: Enteritidis, Infantis, Typhimurium, Hadar, Indiana, and Mbandaka, with Enteritidis and Infantis being the most common (11 times each in 14 years) and Infantis demonstrating early and recurrent MDR profiles. Children &lt; 5 years represented close to a third of all cases. Epidemiological data point to multiple factors contributing to ongoing spread, including hatchery-level contamination, limited biosecurity, close human–animal interactions, and involvement of environmental reservoirs such as wildlife. Local studies from Maryland and California showed the presence of MDR <em>Salmonella</em> in backyard birds, with MDR observed across several antimicrobial classes. Very little is known and documented about the use of antibiotics in backyard poultry, and it often lacks veterinary oversight, raising AMR concerns. Though the FDA rules limit the use of medically important drugs in livestock and poultry, surveillance mostly focuses on commercial farms. This review highlights the need to expand AMR surveillance to include backyard flocks, improve hatchery sanitation, and strengthen public education on safe animal handling, which are essential steps toward reducing this growing public health risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro and In Planta Evaluation of Bacillus Strains Against a Strain of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Mung Bean Sprouts","authors":"Madhvi Chahar ,&nbsp;Yulia Kroupitski,&nbsp;Rachel Gollop,&nbsp;Moshe Shemesh,&nbsp;Shlomo Sela Saldinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Edible sprouts, including mung bean sprouts, are nutritionally valuable but have frequently been associated with foodborne outbreaks. Control measures like seed disinfection have not fully prevented outbreaks. This study evaluated the ability of spore-forming <em>Bacillus</em> strains isolated from mung bean sprouts to inhibit <em>E. coli</em> O55:H7 colonization during seed sprouting. Several <em>Bacillus</em> isolates added to the germinating seeds reduced <em>E. coli</em> populations in sprouts by 4.0–5.4 log CFU/g compared to untreated controls. While some strains impacted sprout growth, highly antagonistic isolates, such as MBm1 and MBm6, demonstrated robust activity with no adverse effects. Notably, <em>in vitro</em> antagonistic activity on agar plate did not consistently predict inhibition of <em>E. coli</em> in sprout colonization assays, whereas colony morphology was a better predictor for <em>in planta</em> activity. <em>Bacillus</em> strains formed complex biofilms on agar and sprout surfaces, suggesting biofilm-mediated antagonism. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed reduced <em>E. coli</em> attachment and growth in the presence of antagonistic <em>Bacillus</em> strains. These findings indicate that <em>Bacillus</em> strains may serve as effective biocontrol agents to enhance sprout safety, and that multistrain formulations may be required for broader protection. Further research is needed to validate efficacy against diverse pathogens under commercial conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Advances in Rapid Detection Technologies for Multiple Mycotoxins","authors":"Ruige Hu ,&nbsp;Zimeng Guo ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Mo Zhou ,&nbsp;Kai Zhu ,&nbsp;Yunlong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycotoxins are ubiquitous contaminants throughout the food supply chain and represent a significant threat to global food safety and public health due to their high carcinogenic potential, teratogenic effects, and the synergistic toxicity arising from multiple cooccurring mycotoxins. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in rapid mycotoxin detection technologies, with particular emphasis on high-throughput detection strategies and mechanistic innovations in immunoassays, molecular biology-based methods, biosensors and microarrays, and microfluidic chip technologies. It highlights a clear transition from single-analyte detection toward multichannel, integrated, and intelligent sensing platforms, alongside substantial progress in nanomaterial engineering, signal transduction and decoding, and device miniaturization. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms of each detection method, the review critically analyzes their technical strengths, identifies existing limitations in practical applications, and discusses potential directions for future development. This work aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the iterative innovation of rapid mycotoxin detection technologies and to support real-time monitoring and precision control throughout all stages of the food supply chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microorganisms and Physicochemical Factors Controlling Biogenic Amines During Cheese Ripening: A Systematic Review","authors":"Fatemeh Tashi ,&nbsp;Mansoureh Taghizadeh ,&nbsp;Asma Afshari","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogenic amines are nitrogenous compounds formed by amino acid decarboxylation, and their excessive accumulation in cheese may cause adverse health effects. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic strains and physicochemical factors in reducing biogenic amine levels during cheese ripening. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the identified biogenic amines, tyramine and histamine were most frequently reported at high concentrations. The combination of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em> and <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> demonstrated the highest efficacy, achieving up to 80% reduction in total biogenic amine levels. Optimal physicochemical conditions, including maintaining a pH range of 5.0–5.4, a ripening temperature around 15 °C, and a maturation period of 3–4 months, enhanced the efficiency of probiotic interventions. Environmental factors such as salt, moisture, fat content, and packaging methods significantly influenced biogenic amine accumulation. Integrating selected probiotics with controlled ripening parameters can minimize biogenic amine levels and improve cheese safety and quality. However, due to heterogeneity in probiotic strains, cheese types, and analytical techniques among the included studies, further standardized and large-scale investigations are required to better understand the mechanisms and optimize strategies for biogenic amine reduction in cheese production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Equation Modeling of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Vendors and Customers in an Informal Fruit and Vegetable Market: Evidence from Iran","authors":"Ali Almasi ,&nbsp;Samaneh Khademikia ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mohamadi ,&nbsp;Farid Nayebi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food safety in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is often compromised by informal fruit and vegetable markets due to poor infrastructure, weak oversight, and unsafe handling. While the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) framework is widely applied, links between knowledge and practice in these settings remain unclear. This study assessed KAP profiles of 111 vendors and 384 customers in an informal market in Kermanshah, Iran. The market mainly sells fresh vegetables (80–85%) and cut fruits (15–20%), typically displayed without refrigeration. Validated questionnaires revealed that only 23.4% of vendors met acceptable food safety standards, and 60% stored cut fruits improperly. Vendors, despite greater awareness, showed poorer hygiene than customers (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), who practiced safer behaviors such as hand hygiene and reusable bag use. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that knowledge influenced practice directly (β = 0.35) and indirectly via attitude (β = 0.42), with attitude being the strongest predictor (β = 0.50, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Prior municipal training increased vendors’ odds of high KAP scores 4.35-fold (95% CI: 1.20–16.7). Findings highlight the need for tailored interventions in LMICs’ informal markets, combining vendor training, practical support, and infrastructure improvements to close the knowledge–practice gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Machine-Learning Models for Predicting Escherichia coli O157:H7 Inactivation on Fresh-Cut Lettuce during Chlorine Washing","authors":"Fatih Tarlak ,&nbsp;Arícia Possas ,&nbsp;Guiomar Denisse Posada-Izquierdo ,&nbsp;Francisco Jiménez-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimally processed leafy greens are a recurrent vehicle for <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 outbreaks, and chlorine washing remains the primary in-plant hurdle to limit cross-contamination. Yet, the effectiveness of chlorine depends on interacting factors that challenge conventional kinetic models. This study generated a laboratory data set describing <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 reductions on fresh-cut iceberg lettuce across free-chlorine concentrations of 0–150 mg L⁻¹ and immersion times of 0–150 s at 4.5 °C. A traditional inactivation model was fitted in MATLAB and compared with three machine-learning (ML) algorithms—support-vector regression (SVR), random-forest regression (RFR), and Gaussian-process regression (GPR)—trained on the same data. Compared to the traditional model (RMSE 0.392; R² 0.721), machine-learning approaches improved predictive accuracy, with GPR (RMSE 0.283; R² 0.852) and SVR (RMSE 0.298; R² 0.836) showing the greatest gains. All ML models maintained stability across validation folds, demonstrating strong generalizability. A user-friendly MATLAB application integrating the fitted models was released as open-source software to facilitate industry and regulatory uptake. These findings confirm the value of data-driven methods for modeling chlorine‐wash performance and offer an accessible decision-support tool for optimizing process parameters, thereby helping to reduce the public-health burden associated with leafy-green–related outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"89 3","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}