Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Leptin Fragment Modulates Stimulatory Effects of Chorionic Gonadotropin on Testicular Steroidogenesis in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Obesity","authors":"A. A. Bakhtyukov, I. A. Lebedev, I. Yu. Morina, V. S. Kuznetsova, A. O. Shpakov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020066","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Leptin, secreted by adipose tissue, indirectly stimulates\u0000the activity of GnRH-producing neurons in the hypothalamus and thus\u0000regulates the functional activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular (HPT)\u0000axis. Obesity is known to be accompanied by a systemic hyperleptinemia\u0000and impaired leptin transport in the central nervous system, which\u0000limits the use of full-length leptin as a drug. It was previously\u0000shown that the intranasally administered (i.n.) leptin fragment\u0000MA-[D-Leu4]-OB3 (LF) enhances the steroidogenic effect of human\u0000chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in rats fed a standard diet. An even\u0000more urgent task is to assess its effect on testicular steroidogenesis\u0000in obesity that reduces reproductive functions in men. This work\u0000was aimed to study the ability of LF (200 µg/kg, i.n., for 3 days)\u0000to modulate the effect of hCG (10 IU/rat, s.c., once) on testicular\u0000steroidogenesis in male Wistar rats with obesity induced by a 20-week\u0000high-fat/high-carb diet (HFHCD), as well as to evaluate the impact\u0000of the GnRH receptor antagonist Cetrorelix (ANT, 75 µg/kg, s.c.,\u0000for 3 days) on the effects of LF in these animals. Obese rats demonstrated\u0000reduced testicular levels of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR)\u0000and a compensatorily upregulated expression of the <i>Cyp11a1</i> gene encoding the steroidogenic enzyme\u0000cytochrome P450scc. LF administration enhanced hCG effects on blood\u0000testosterone levels and testicular expression of the <i>Star</i> gene encoding the cholesterol\u0000transporter protein StAR, which suggests the ability of LF to positively\u0000modulate HPT axis activity under obesity. ANT and LF co-administration, by\u0000contrast, reduced the stimulatory effect of hCG on blood testosterone\u0000levels and testicular <i>Star</i> gene expression,\u0000which may be due to the testicular effects of LF. Our data indicate\u0000the ability of LF to influence different components of the male\u0000gonadal axis under conditions of diet-induced obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Estradiol on Carbohydrate-Fat Metabolism and FGF21 System Activity in Female C57BL/6 Mice with Short-Term Consumption of the Cafeteria Diet","authors":"T. V. Jakovleva, A. Yu. Kazantseva, K. Yu. Mamontova, N. M. Bazhan","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020315","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The cafeteria diet contributes to the development of obesity\u0000and metabolic syndrome, reduces insulin sensitivity and glucose\u0000tolerance. Hepatic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) promotes adaptation\u0000to the consumption of sweet and fatty foods. Female mice are less\u0000sensitive to the damaging effects of the cafeteria diet than males,\u0000which may be due to the effect of estradiol on the activity of the FGF21\u0000system: on the hepatic expression of the <i>Fgf21</i> gene,\u0000on the blood level of hormone, or on the levels of receptors and\u0000coreceptors beta-klotho, which determine the sensitivity of tissues\u0000to FGF21. The purpose of this work was to verify this assumption.\u0000The effect of estradiol (10 µg/animal once every three days) was\u0000evaluated in ovariectomized female C57BL/6 mice who consumed a cafeteria\u0000diet (standard food, lard and cookies) for two weeks. Indicators\u0000of carbohydrate-fat metabolism, taste preferences, and activity\u0000of the FGF21 system were determined. Ovariectomy increased body\u0000weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight, fat intake, <i>Pomc</i> expression in the hypothalamus,\u0000decreased expression of estradiol receptors in the liver and cookie\u0000consumption. Estradiol did not have a significant effect on these parameters.\u0000In ovariectomized females with estradiol deficiency, blood cholesterol\u0000levels and liver expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase gene were\u0000lower than in sham operated females, and estradiol normalized these\u0000parameters. Ovariectomy lowered, and the administration of estradiol\u0000increased the level of coreceptor beta-klotho (<i>Klb</i>)\u0000mRNA in the liver and in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that\u0000at the initial stages of consumption of sweet and fatty foods, estradiol\u0000increases the sensitivity of the liver and hypothalamus to FGF21\u0000and thereby enhances the contribution of the FGF21 system to the processes\u0000of adaptation to the cafeteria diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Functional State of Glutamate- and GABA-Ergic Neurons in the Inferior Colliculi of Krushinsky–Molodkina Rats at Early Stages of Epileptogenesis","authors":"S. D. Nikolaeva, L. S. Nikitina, M. V. Glazova, V. T. Bakhteeva, E. V. Chernigovskaya","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020212","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems associated with\u0000the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have been well-studied\u0000in forebrain structures including the temporal cortex, amygdala, and\u0000hippocampus. It is known that in rodents genetically prone to audiogenic\u0000seizures, TLE establishment induced by audiogenic kindling is also\u0000associated with the involvement of the forebrain, however, initially\u0000epileptiform activity arises in the brainstem, in particular, in\u0000the inferior colliculi (IC). It is reasonable to suppose that neurochemical\u0000alterations in the IC may contribute significantly to the spreading\u0000of epileptiform activity at early steps of TLE development. At the\u0000same time, the functional state of the key neurotransmitter systems\u0000in the IC of audiogenic rodents exposed to audiogenic kindling remains\u0000unknown. In the present work, we performed a comprehensive analysis\u0000of proteins involved in glutamate- and GABA-ergic transmission in\u0000the IC of Krushinsky–Molodkina (KM) rats genetically prone to audiogenic\u0000seizures. A modified audiogenic kindling protocol was used to reproduce\u0000the early stage of TLE development. According to this protocol,\u0000rats were exposed to daily audiogenic stimulations for seven days.\u0000Naive KM rats were used as a control. Although the rodent’s predisposition to\u0000audiogenic seizures is often associated with the impairment of GABAergic\u0000transmission, no significant changes were found in the expression\u0000of GABA synthesis enzymes and GABA_A receptor\u0000α1 subunit in the IC of KM rats either 24 hours or a week after\u0000their last seizure. However, 24 hours after the last audiogenic\u0000stimulation, an increase in glutamatergic transmission in the IC\u0000was observed including upregulation of ERK 1/2 kinases, synaptic\u0000proteins synapsin 1 and SV2B, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2. One week after\u0000the last seizure, only an increase in VGLUT1 content in the IC was\u0000observed, suggesting the persistent changes in the neurons of forebrain\u0000structures, in particular, of the temporal cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anakinra Promotes M2 Microglia Activation during the Latent Phase of the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","authors":"M. V. Zakharova, A. V. Dyomina, A. A. Kovalenko, O. E. Zubareva, A. M. Ischenko, A. V. Zaitsev","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020182","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Astrocytes, microglia, and their polarization are thought\u0000to contribute to the progression of epilepsy. One of the processes\u0000affecting polarization is neuroinflammation, which plays an important\u0000role in epileptogenesis. However, the specific mechanisms of its\u0000involvement in shifting the pro- and anti-inflammatory reactivation\u0000of astro- and microglia have not been clarified. In this study,\u0000we examined the effect of 7-day interleukin-1 receptor antagonist\u0000(anakinra) administration on glial cell polarization during the\u0000latent phase of the lithium-pilocarpine model in 7-week-old male\u0000Wistar rats. In temporal cortex, dorsal and ventral hippocampus,\u0000the mRNA expression levels of the following genes were analyzed:\u0000(i) markers of astroglia (<i>S100b</i>)\u0000and microglia (<i>Aif1</i>) activation,\u0000(ii) astrocytic proteins involved in glutamate transport and metabolism\u0000(<i>Slc1a3</i>, <i>Glul</i>, <i>Gja1</i>), (iii) pro-inflammatory pathway interleukin-1β\u0000(<i>Nlrp3</i>, <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Il1rn</i>) and transforming growth factor\u0000β1 (<i>Tgfb1</i>), (iv) markers of\u0000astroglia polarization (<i>Lcn2</i>, <i>S100a10</i>, <i>Gbp2</i>, <i>Ptx3</i>), and (v) microglia polarization\u0000(<i>Nos2</i> and <i>Arg1</i>).\u0000The mRNA expression levels of <i>S100b</i> and <i>Aif1</i> were significantly increased,\u0000and anakinra administration did not reduce their overexpression.\u0000This indicates reactivation of astroglia and microglia regardless\u0000of the anakinra administered. The expression of <i>Slc1a3</i>, <i>Glul</i>,\u0000and <i>Gja1</i> genes increased in\u0000the hippocampus; anakinra administration did not affect their hyperexpression,\u0000but promoted increased expression of <i>Gja1</i> in\u0000the temporal cortex. The mRNA production of <i>Lcn2</i>, <i>S100a10</i>, <i>Gbp2</i>, <i>Ptx3</i>, <i>Nlrp3</i>, <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Il1rn</i> and <i>Tgfb1</i> increased in all structures.\u0000Administration of anakinra reduced the gene expression of <i>Il1b</i>. Among the markers of microglia\u0000polarization, downregulation of <i>Arg1</i> expression\u0000in the dorsal hippocampus and <i>Nos2</i> expression\u0000in the temporal cortex was detected. Anakinra administration enhanced\u0000the decrease in <i>Nos2</i> expression\u0000and restored the level of <i>Arg1</i> expression\u0000to control values. Thus, anakinra administration did not affect\u0000the intensity of glial cell reactivation but improved M2 reactivation\u0000of microglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Metformin Course Application Combined with Intranasal Insulin in Treating Rats with Cafeteria Diet-Induced Obesity","authors":"K. V. Derkach, I. I. Zorina, A. O. Shpakov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020327","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The so-called cafeteria diet (CD), rich in saturated fats\u0000and light fast-digesting carbohydrates, leads to obesity and is\u0000a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Metformin (MF) is often used\u0000to correct diet-induced obesity, but in some patients, it elicits\u0000serious side effects, which requires dose reduction, including through\u0000its co-application with drugs potentiating MF effects. Intranasally\u0000administered insulin (INI), which <i>per\u0000se</i> has a restorative potential in the treatment of metabolic\u0000disorders, is a candidate for the role of such a drug. This work\u0000was aimed to study the efficacy of a 3-week combined course of MF\u0000(100 mg/kg/day, perorally) and INI (1.5 or 6.0 IU/kg/day) to correct\u0000metabolic and hormonal disorders in male rats with CD-induced obesity\u0000(CDIO). It was shown that in CDIO rats, the MF + INI combination normalized\u0000body weight and abdominal fat, as well as restored glucose homeostasis,\u0000lipid metabolism, basal and glucose-stimulated insulin and leptin\u0000levels. Compared to MF monotherapy, a combined course of MF + INI\u0000application more effectively restored insulin sensitivity, as assessed\u0000by a decrease in the insulin resistance index, and normalized glucose\u0000tolerance, as assessed by a decrease in AUC_0–120, the\u0000integrated area under glucose concentration curves in the glucose\u0000tolerance test. The combination of MF with INI at a dose of 1.5\u0000IU/kg/day normalized thyroidal status, disturbed in CDIO, while\u0000the combination of MF with INI at a dose of 6 IU/kg/day exacerbated\u0000the hypothyroid state, mainly due to hyperactivation of thyroid-stimulating\u0000hormone secretion and the development of thyroid resistance to this\u0000hormone. Thus, a combined course of MF with relatively low-dose\u0000INI, which has no negative effects on the thyroid axis, appears\u0000promising for correcting metabolic and hormonal indices in CDIO, including\u0000functional restoration of the thyroid system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female BALB/c Mice Prefer the Odor of Mates Producing Fewer Progeny","authors":"A. S. Khotskina, Yu. V. Patrushev, D. I. Yusupova, L. A. Gerlinskaya, S. O. Maslennikova, D. V. Petrovskii, M. P. Moshkin, E. L. Zavjalov","doi":"10.1134/s002209302402008x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002209302402008x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Mate choice is the very important part of sexual selection.\u0000It is known that free mate choice is to provide the most viable\u0000offspring are born. Researches on different animal species found\u0000that viability from introduction to sexual maturity is significantly\u0000higher in individuals born in crossbreeding in accordance with free\u0000behavioral mate choice, compared to that in crossbreeding against\u0000the mate choice. Making the choice, the female may rely on visual,\u0000vocal or olfactory signals of male. Most of experiments evaluating\u0000sexual choice allowing interactions with the animal, making it impossible\u0000to determine the specific contribution of each separate signal.\u0000Odor play a crucial role in intraspecific communication in rodents.\u0000Individuals are able to recognize sex, reproductive status, genotype,\u0000and diet and health condition conspecifics by odor. However, very\u0000few articles unite olfactory signals from the male to information\u0000about his paternal effects. In our research, we mated a male with\u0000two females. The number of live embryos, their weight and the weight\u0000of fetal placentas evaluated reproductive success of males. Naive\u0000females in olfactory tests then evaluated the volatile urine fraction\u0000of the males. Male urine samples were also analyzed using chromatography-mass\u0000spectrometry analysis. In result, the naive BALB/c females prefer\u0000males with low number of fetus in the litter compared to males with\u0000high number of fetus in the litter. Instrumental method of analysis\u0000approved the opportunity to differentiate between the groups of\u0000males. Other pregnancy parameters did not affect naive females’\u0000preference for male urine samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of Doxorubicin-Induced Organopathies under Different Intravenous Nicotinamide Riboside Administration Modes","authors":"E. Yu. Podyacheva, N. Yu. Semenova, Z. E. Artyukhina, V. A. Zinserling, Ya. G. Toropova","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020108","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug, but its\u0000clinical use is hindered by significant side effects, it exerts\u0000on such vital organs as the heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, and intestines.\u0000Currently, there is a lack of effective drugs that can provide simultaneous\u0000protection of the heart and other vital organs during chemotherapy.\u0000Nicotinamide riboside (NR) holds promise as a pharmacological agent, able\u0000to ensure comprehensive protection against DOX systemic toxicity.\u0000This study was aimed to evaluate morphological characteristics of\u0000the vital organs (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) in male SPF Wistar\u0000rats (<i>n</i> = 60, 283 ± 22 g) with\u0000chronic doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy under various intravenous\u0000NR administration modes (1800 mg/kg) as a protective agent. The\u0000rats were divided into four groups: (1) intact, (2) control (DOX),\u0000(3) combined administration mode (NR+DOX), (4) preventive administration\u0000mode (NR/NR+DOX). Post-administration follow-up period spanned two months\u0000and ended with tissue sampling with subsequent morphological analysis.\u0000The development of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was monitored by echocardiography.\u0000DOX elicited more severe morphological alterations in the heart,\u0000kidneys, and lungs compared to the liver. Both NR administration\u0000modes demonstrated protective effects, with the preventive mode\u0000showing the greatest efficacy in safeguarding the vital organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the Profile of Cognitive Deficit in Cardiac Surgery Patients Using the Optimal Clustering Method","authors":"O. M. Razumnikova, I. V. Tarasova, Yu. A. Mezentsev, P. S. Pavlov, O. A. Trubnikova","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020169","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An original clustering method based on discrete optimization\u0000of multidimensional objects according to many heterogeneous parameters:\u0000age, severity of carotid artery stenosis (CA), personal and cognitive characteristics\u0000was used to identify pre- and postoperative specificity of the profile\u0000of cognitive functions. The study involved 163 cardiac surgery patients.\u0000Determination of CA stenosis was carried out in the preoperative\u0000period using color duplex scanning and further classification of\u0000the lesion. Psychometric assessment of personal and situational\u0000anxiety, as well as psychomotor and executive functions, attention,\u0000short-term memory was performed 3–5 days before and 7–10 days after\u0000coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). As a result of clustering\u0000arrays of 17 normalized indicators and subsequent analysis of three\u0000groups formed in this way, different dynamics of restoration of\u0000the profile of cognitive functions after CABG were discovered. One\u0000of the groups was designated as a group of cognitive reserves according\u0000to its best indicators of information selection and memory both\u0000in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Another selected\u0000group was characterized by a postoperative increase in the speed of\u0000information selection, but low memory scores. The third selected\u0000group demonstrated close relationships between indicators of attention,\u0000memory and the efficiency of a complex visual-motor reaction with\u0000age and the degree of stenosis of the CA, regardless of the pre-\u0000or postoperative testing period, which may indicate persistent disorganization\u0000of cognitive functions in such patients, requiring special attention\u0000when choosing neuro- and cardiac rehabilitation programs for them.\u0000The developed clustering method makes it possible to group patients\u0000according to a variety of heterogeneous parameters to identify the\u0000dynamics of their changes during the course of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Transfer Protein Genes Are Differently Expressed in Rat Soleus Muscle at Early and Later Periods of Muscle Disuse","authors":"I. G. Bryndina, V. V. Skurygin, V. V. Protopopov","doi":"10.1134/s002209302402011x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002209302402011x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This work reports analysis of lipid transfer protein (LTPs)\u0000mRNA levels in rat soleus muscle after 12-h and 14-day hindlimb\u0000suspension (HS). The LTP genes of interest were as follows: ceramide\u0000transporter 1 (<i>CERT1</i>), ceramide-1-phosphate\u0000transporter protein (<i>CPTP</i>),\u0000sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter (Protein spinster homolog 2—<i>SPNS2</i>), four-phosphate adaptor protein\u00002 (<i>FAPP2</i>) transferring glucosylceramide,\u0000and oxysterol-binding proteins <i>OSBP</i> and <i>ORP4</i> (family I of OSBP-related proteins).\u0000LTP mRNA expression was analyzed using RT-PCR. Early changes in\u0000the expression of LTP genes after 12-h HS were characterized by\u0000the dramatic decrease in mRNA content of <i>CERT1</i>, <i>CPTP</i>, <i>SPNS2</i> and <i>ORP4</i> genes. In contrast, the expression\u0000of the <i>FAPP2</i> gene was increased,\u0000whereas <i>OSBP</i> mRNA content did\u0000not change as compared to the control level. After the 14-day HS\u0000only <i>CERT1</i> and <i>CPTP</i> mRNA levels remained decreased\u0000while expression of other LTP genes did not significantly differ from\u0000the control values. Clomipramine treatment did not affect sphingolipid\u0000transporters and <i>OSBPs</i> at the\u0000early period of HS, but notably enhanced the expression of <i>CERT1</i>, <i>CPTP</i>, <i>FAPP2</i>, and both <i>OSBPs</i> genes\u0000in soleus muscle of rats subjected to 14-day unloading. Our data\u0000indicate that short-term and long-term muscle unloading differently\u0000affects the expression of genes encoding LTPs for sphingolipid and\u0000cholesterol intracellular transport. Only ceramide and ceramide-1-phosphate transporters\u0000were decreased at both periods of disuse. Taking into account our\u0000previous data about acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) and ceramide\u0000up-regulation in the unloaded soleus muscle, as well as a normalizing\u0000effect of clomipramine on both high ceramide level and low expression\u0000of its transporters at 14-day HS, we can assume that there must\u0000be a feedback mechanism in regulation of <i>CERT1</i> and <i>CPTP</i> genes expression in case of\u0000ceramide accumulation caused by disuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of the Emotions Manifestation in Speech and Facial Expressions by 7–8 Years Old Children","authors":"E. A. Kleshnev, O. V. Frolova, E. E. Lyakso","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024020236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024020236","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities\u0000of the reflection of emotional states “neutral (calm state)–sadness–joy–anger–fear”\u0000in the speech and facial expressions of 7–8 years old children and\u0000to identify differences in the expression of emotions by boys and\u0000girls of this age. The work was carried out as part of the study\u0000of the emotional sphere of children with typical and atypical development using\u0000the CEDM method for assessing the emotional development of children.\u000014 children (7 boys, 7 girls)—primary school students—took part\u0000in the study. The ability of children to express emotions in the characteristics\u0000of voice and facial expressions and to recognize emotions was analyzed.\u0000For this purpose, speech recording and video recording of children’s\u0000facial expressions and behavior, instrumental and perceptual analysis\u0000of emotional speech, and automatic analysis of facial expression\u0000were carried out. The children’s heart rate was recorded, and the\u0000leading hemisphere by speech was determined using a dichotic listening.\u0000The features of the reflection of the emotional states of boys and\u0000girls in the characteristics of speech are revealed. The specificity\u0000of reflecting the emotional states of children in facial expression\u0000is described. The connections between the psychophysiological indicators\u0000of children and their reflection of emotional states in their voice\u0000and facial expressions were determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}