Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Rodent Grooming and Its Microstructure in Modern Neurobiological Studies","authors":"K. V. Apukhtin, A. D. Shevlyakov, M. M. Kotova, S. V. Amikishiev, V. D. Riga, A. D. Volgin, A. V. Kalueff","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030219","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Grooming is a complex innate animal behavior that can serve\u0000as a marker of physiological state of rodents under stress. Here,\u0000we analyze the impact of various experimental factors, including\u0000genetic, pharmacological and physiological, on self-grooming behavior\u0000of laboratory mice and rats. Analyses of grooming behavior assess\u0000not only the number and duration of its bouts but also its microstructure,\u0000i.e. frequency, sequence, localization, and consistency. Rodent\u0000grooming and its microstructure can serve as a sensitive marker\u0000for changes in the brain, its response to stress, and predisposition\u0000to pathological conditions simulating such human mental disorders\u0000as obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism and depression. Studying\u0000rodent self-grooming microstructure can provide valuable information\u0000about the mechanisms of brain pathogenesis, having multiple translational\u0000implications for neuroscience research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ovarian Gonadotropin Stimulation under Conditions of Chronic Psychosocial Stress on the Quality of Murine Oocytes","authors":"D. A. Lebedeva, T. N. Igonina, E. Yu. Brusentsev, N. A. Shavshaeva, S. Ya. Amstislavsky","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030244","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Chronic psychosocial stress can negatively affect the female\u0000reproductive system. Meanwhile, the effect of ovarian stimulation\u0000with gonadotropins during stress on the quality of oocytes remains\u0000poorly studied. This work was aimed to investigate the effects of\u0000chronic psychosocial stress on the quality of murine cumulus-oocyte\u0000complexes under the natural estrus cycle, as well as during the\u0000ovarian stimulation with exogenous gonadotropins, which is an important\u0000part of modern assisted reproductive technologies. Here we demonstrate\u0000that psychosocial stress does not affect the number of ovulating oocytes\u0000but deteriorates their quality, i.e. reduces the percentage of mature\u0000oocytes. In addition, stressed mice exhibited an enhanced accumulation\u0000of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oocytes, accompanied by an increased\u0000apoptosis level in cumulus cells. Hormonal stimulation of the ovaries\u0000with gonadotropins alleviates the negative changes associated with\u0000psychosocial stress, normalizing ROS overproduction in oocytes and\u0000reducing apoptosis levels in cumulus cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Responses to Peripheral Inflammation May Include Decreased Expression of Key Apoptotic Protease Caspase-3 in the Brainstem","authors":"A. V. Bannova, G. T. Shishkina, N. N. Dygalo","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Microglia activation by proinflammatory stimuli, including\u0000lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is considered among the risk factors for\u0000neurodegeneration, although LPS treatment may also have a neuroprotective effect,\u0000necessitating further analysis of the relationship between microglial\u0000activation and cell death regulators. Here, we carried out a comparative\u0000analysis of the expression of Iba-1, a protein marker for microglia\u0000activation, and caspase-3, a key executor protease of apoptosis,\u0000in the brainstem and prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats, depending\u0000on LPS dose and schedule of its intraperitoneal administration.\u0000One day after a single LPS administration at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg,\u0000Iba-1 and caspase-3 expression levels were indistinguishable from\u0000control values in both brain structures. A fourfold LPS administration\u0000at the same dose over 7 days (once in 2 days) led to a significant\u0000increase in Iba-1 expression levels in the brainstem one day after\u0000the last injection, which was accompanied by a significant decrease\u0000in caspase-3 expression. In the brainstem, the same effects were\u0000observed 7 days after a single LPS administration at a higher dose of\u00005 mg/kg. In the frontal cortex, by contrast, no changes in caspase-3\u0000expression were found in a 7-day experiment, while Iba-1 expression\u0000rose only following a single LPS administration at 5 mg/kg. The detected\u0000decrease in caspase-3 expression in the brainstem under neuroinflammatory\u0000conditions may reflect the development of adaptive neuroprotective\u0000processes, particularly important for the brain structure responsible\u0000for such key body’s functions as respiration, blood pressure, and\u0000heartbeat.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Biopolymers and Functionalized by Them Vaterite Microparticles on Platelet Aggregation","authors":"D. V. Grigorieva, E. V. Mikhalchik, N. G. Balabushevich, D. V. Mosievich, M. A. Murina, O. M. Panasenko, A. V. Sokolov, I. V. Gorudko","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030281","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Vaterite microparticles, metastable form of calcium carbonate,\u0000are promising forms of delivery of medicinal compounds. For more\u0000efficient delivery of target molecules (increased incorporation\u0000and retention), vaterite microparticles must be functionalized with\u0000biopolymers. In this article the effect of polysaccharides, mucin\u0000and vaterite microparticles, as well as hybrid vaterite microparticles\u0000with the above-mentioned biopolymers was studied on platelet aggregation.\u0000It was found that fucoidan, heparin and dextran sulfate (when added\u0000to platelet-rich plasma) and mucin (when added to isolated platelets) initiated\u0000cell aggregation. Pectin and chondroitin sulfate inhibited ADP-\u0000and thrombin-induced aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, mucin\u0000suppressed ADP-induced, and dextran sulfate suppressed thrombin-induced\u0000platelet aggregation. Vaterite microparticles at a concentration\u0000of 100–1000 µg/mL did not affect the aggregation of isolated platelets,\u0000but caused 10–15% cell aggregation in plasma; at the same time,\u0000at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL vaterite microparticles prevented\u0000agonist-induced cell aggregation by ~30%. It has been established\u0000that hybrid vaterite microparticles with fucoidan or heparin, when\u0000added both to platelet-rich plasma and to isolated cells, are capable\u0000to initiate platelet aggregation. Vaterite microparticles functionalized\u0000with pectin or chondroitin sulfate had no effect on spontaneous\u0000cell aggregation, and did not affect (with chondroitin sulfate)\u0000or inhibit (with pectin) agonist-induced platelet aggregation. Thus,\u0000the use of hybrid vaterite microparticles with pectin or fucoidan/heparin\u0000may be promising for the delivery of drugs aimed at modulating (inhibition\u0000with pectin or activation with fucoidan/heparin) the platelet component\u0000of hemostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke","authors":"S. D. Kazakov, E. M. Kamenskih, E. V. Udut","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030098","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Ischemic stroke (IS) is a prevalent condition worldwide with\u0000high mortality and disability risks. The issue of its pathogenetic\u0000therapy remains unresolved by now due to the limited effectiveness\u0000and safety of reperfusion measures. Recent research has elucidated\u0000that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in IS development and\u0000may serve as a therapeutic target. The NLRP3 inflammasome emerges\u0000as a key mediator orchestrating post-ischemic inflammatory reactions\u0000through activation of caspase-1, which cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18\u0000into active pro-inflammatory cytokines released into the extracellular milieu.\u0000This review presents insights into the structure and activation\u0000process of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IS. The factors and mechanisms\u0000contributing to both its activation and inhibition are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Ghrelin on Spike Activity of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurones of the Rat","authors":"A. N. Inyushkin, A. Yu. Sharafutdinova, E. M. Inyushkina, A. A. Inyushkin","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030189","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In one of the most important non-photic mechanisms of the\u0000circadian biological clock synchronization of the hypothalamus suprachiasmatic\u0000nucleus with environmental geophysical 24 h rhythm, information\u0000on feeding schedule, composition and calorie content of food is\u0000used. Hormone ghrelin, a product of the neuroendocrine oxyntic cells\u0000of the gastric mucosa to be a signal molecule within this mechanism.\u0000In experiments on sagittal hypothalamic slices of male Wistar rats,\u0000the effects of 25 nM ghrelin on spike activity and parameters of\u0000spike information coding were investigated. Application of ghrelin\u0000induced an increase in spike frequency and a decrease in entropy\u0000of interspike interval distribution in 32.1% of the neurones recorded.\u0000In 29.6% of the cells, opposite responses in the form of a reduction\u0000of activity and an increase in the entropy of interspike interval\u0000distribution were observed. Parameters of spike activity of the\u0000reminder 38.3% neurones of the suprachiasmatic nucleus did not change.\u0000The observed responses of the entropy of interspike interval distribution\u0000indicate the appropriate changes in a degree of irregularity of\u0000interspike interval induced by ghrelin. Application of selective\u0000high-affinity antagonist of GHS-R1a receptor, JMV 2959 (100 nM)\u0000did not induce responses of the investigated parameters of spike\u0000activity but completely prevented changes of both, spike frequency and\u0000entropy of interspike interval distribution observed in the presence\u0000of ghrelin. The obtained data show that hormone ghrelin by a direct\u0000influence on the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro modulates the activity\u0000level and spike code of relatively numerous population of neurones\u0000of the nucleus, wherein the effects of ghrelin are mediated by GHS-R1a\u0000receptors. The results of the current study provide additional evidence\u0000in favour of the hypothesis on the involvement of ghrelin in mechanisms\u0000of non-photic entrainment of the circadian biological clock in accordance\u0000with severity of food motivation and level of metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intranasal Insulin on Metabolic Parameters and Inflammation Factors in Diabetic Rats Exposed to Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion","authors":"I. I. Zorina, A. S. Pechalnova, E. E. Chernenko, K. V. Derkach, A. O. Shpakov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030190","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The search for natural biologically active substances having\u0000a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury\u0000is one of the major priorities of modern neuroscience and medicine. Intranasal\u0000insulin (INI) exerts a pronounced restorative effect on various\u0000neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms of its action and\u0000its therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia have not been well\u0000studied, including in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) which increases\u0000the risk of cerebrovascular dysfunction. The aim of the work was\u0000to study the effect of INI on metabolic parameters and inflammatory\u0000factors in male Wistar rats with DM2, exposed to cerebral ischemia,\u0000as compared to nondiabetic animals. DM2 was induced by a combination\u0000of high-fat diet and low-dose (25 mg/kg) streptozotocin administration. Cerebral\u0000ischemia was studied in a rat model of global forebrain ischemia-reperfusion\u0000(IR) injury induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries,\u0000followed by a 7-day reperfusion. Two h after the end of ischemic\u0000exposure, the rats were treated with INI at a dose of 0.5 or 2.0\u0000IU/rat, after which the drug was administered at the same dose,\u0000once a day, for the following 7 days. INI was found to prevent body\u0000weight loss in both nondiabetic and DM2 IR-exposed rats, while elevating\u0000plasma total cholesterol levels and epididymal fat fraction in IR-exposed\u0000nondiabetic animals only. In IR-exposed DM2 rats, INI (at both doses\u0000used) reduced postprandial plasma levels of glucose and insulin,\u0000indicative of improved glucose tolerance, as well as plasma levels\u0000of inflammatory factors, C-reactive protein (at a dose of 0.5 IU/rat/day),\u0000and tumor necrosis factor-α (at a dose of 2 IU/rat/day), indicative\u0000of its anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, a post-IR course treatment\u0000with INI improves metabolic parameters and abates inflammatory responses\u0000in DM2 rats, which may be in high demand when correcting ischemic stroke\u0000in patients with DM2.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulatory Effect of Low Concentrations of Eu3+ on Spontaneous Cardiac Contractions","authors":"K. V. Sobol, S. M. Korotkov, I. V. Schemarova, V. P. Nesterov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Negative cumulative effects of lanthanides on the human body\u0000are well known; they are mainly related to the toxic effects of\u0000rare earth metals (REE) on muscle tissue. However, the effects of\u0000low concentrations of these metals on muscle are much less well\u0000studied. In our work, we identified an unusual stimulatory effect\u0000of low concentrations of europium (Eu³⁺)\u0000on spontaneous contractions of frog cardiac muscle atrial preparations.\u0000The aim of the present study was to investigate the stimulatory effect\u0000of europium (Eu³⁺) on the contraction\u0000of heart muscle atrial preparations, both normally and in the presence\u0000of the mitochondrial respiration inhibitor sodium azide (NaN₃).\u0000The study was carried out using two experimental models: muscle\u0000preparations obtained from isolated atria of the frog <i>Rana ridibunda</i> heart and mitochondria\u0000isolated from the heart of male Wistar rats. As a result of these\u0000studies, it was found that Eu³⁺ at a\u0000concentration of 0.2 mM, at a temperature of 20°C, potentiated frog\u0000atrial contractions in situ, with an increase in both the amplitude\u0000and the maximum rate of increase in the strength of single spontaneous\u0000contractions. Spontaneous atrial contractions became more resistant\u0000to the effects of 1 mM NaN₃. At the same\u0000time, Eu³⁺ did not affect the respiration\u0000of energized mitochondria, (activated by ADP (state 3) or 2,4-dinitrophenol\u0000(state 3U_DNP)). The intensity of this respiration\u0000decreased under conditions of calcium loading of mitochondria regardless\u0000of the presence of Eu³⁺ in the medium.\u0000Thus, on the basis of these studies, it was concluded that Eu³⁺ ions\u0000at low concentration (0.2 mM) stimulate atrial contraction and have\u0000a positive inotropic effect. The stimulating effect of low concentration\u0000of Eu³⁺ on the heart can be explained\u0000by synergism in the action of Ca²⁺ and Eu³⁺ on\u0000calcium channels, stimulation of Ca²⁺-dependent\u0000processes in cardiomyocytes and absence of negative effect on mitochondrial\u0000respiration. </p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of the Role of Luteolin in Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Damage","authors":"N. Elagül-Tombul, İ. Söğüt, A. Köse-Vuruşkan","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030086","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of luteolin\u0000(LUT) on testicular histology and biochemical changes in rats subjected\u0000to doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular damage. We used 34 male\u0000rats (8 weeks old) divided into four groups: Control group treated\u0000with normal saline on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28; LUT treated group\u0000(20 µg/kg daily for 28 days); DOX treated group (5 mg/kg on the same\u0000days as for the control group); DOX+LUT group (same scheme of treatment\u0000as for the LUT and DOX groups). Rats were sacrificed on day 29.\u0000Testicular tissue of the LUT group had normal histological structure.\u0000The DOX group had severe histopathological changes compared to the\u0000control which were significantly reversed by LUT treatment. Serum\u0000testosterone level in the DOX+LUT group was higher compared to the\u0000control and DOX groups while the malondialdehyde level decreased\u0000compared to the DOX group. Testicular malondialdehyde level of the\u0000DOX and DOX+LUT groups were higher than in the control and the total\u0000oxidant status of the DOX group was higher compared to the control\u0000while LUT treatment increased total antioxidant status in the DOX+LUT\u0000group. Luteolin had visible protective effect against testicular\u0000damage induced by doxorubicin, producing the improvement of histological structure\u0000by significantly enhancing antioxidant levels and reducing oxidant\u0000levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Anabolic Markers in Human Soleus Muscle after 21-Day Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest","authors":"S. P. Belova, S. A. Tyganov, K. A. Zaripova, B. S. Shenkman","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030128","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Prolonged bed rest can have a significant negative effect\u0000on skeletal muscles, leading to muscle wasting and reduced strength.\u0000This process can take as little as 10 days in healthy individuals,\u0000with the loss of muscle mass and strength being particularly pronounced\u0000during the first week of immobilization. Head-down tilt bed rest\u0000(HDTBR) is a method used to simulate physiological changes that\u0000occur in weightlessness during spaceflight. This technique involves\u0000lying in bed with the head tilted downward. Here, we analyze the\u0000key anabolic markers of the human <i>m. soleus</i> during\u000021 days of HDTBR. Six healthy male volunteers, aged 25–35 years,\u0000were exposed to 21 days of strict bed rest at a tilt angle of –6°. A\u0000needle biopsy of the <i>m. soleus</i> was\u0000performed via the Bergström method before the onset of HDTBR and\u0000on day 21 after that. The biopsy material was immediately frozen\u0000in liquid nitrogen for further Western blot and PCR analysis. A\u0000study of mTORC1 substrates showed a significant decrease in p70\u0000and 4EBP1 phosphorylation after HDTBR. We also observed a significant\u0000decrease in the phosphorylation of another ribosomal kinase, p90RSK,\u0000a significant increase in eEF2 phosphorylation, and an increase\u0000in eEF2k mRNA expression. In addition, the phosphorylation of AMPK\u0000and its substrate ACC decreased after HDTBR. The data obtained in\u0000this work support the hypothesis that a decrease in protein synthesis, together\u0000with an increase in proteolysis, contributes to the development\u0000of human <i>m. soleus</i> atrophy after\u000021 days of HDTBR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}