Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke","authors":"S. D. Kazakov, E. M. Kamenskih, E. V. Udut","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030098","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Ischemic stroke (IS) is a prevalent condition worldwide with\u0000high mortality and disability risks. The issue of its pathogenetic\u0000therapy remains unresolved by now due to the limited effectiveness\u0000and safety of reperfusion measures. Recent research has elucidated\u0000that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in IS development and\u0000may serve as a therapeutic target. The NLRP3 inflammasome emerges\u0000as a key mediator orchestrating post-ischemic inflammatory reactions\u0000through activation of caspase-1, which cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18\u0000into active pro-inflammatory cytokines released into the extracellular milieu.\u0000This review presents insights into the structure and activation\u0000process of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IS. The factors and mechanisms\u0000contributing to both its activation and inhibition are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Ghrelin on Spike Activity of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurones of the Rat","authors":"A. N. Inyushkin, A. Yu. Sharafutdinova, E. M. Inyushkina, A. A. Inyushkin","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030189","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In one of the most important non-photic mechanisms of the\u0000circadian biological clock synchronization of the hypothalamus suprachiasmatic\u0000nucleus with environmental geophysical 24 h rhythm, information\u0000on feeding schedule, composition and calorie content of food is\u0000used. Hormone ghrelin, a product of the neuroendocrine oxyntic cells\u0000of the gastric mucosa to be a signal molecule within this mechanism.\u0000In experiments on sagittal hypothalamic slices of male Wistar rats,\u0000the effects of 25 nM ghrelin on spike activity and parameters of\u0000spike information coding were investigated. Application of ghrelin\u0000induced an increase in spike frequency and a decrease in entropy\u0000of interspike interval distribution in 32.1% of the neurones recorded.\u0000In 29.6% of the cells, opposite responses in the form of a reduction\u0000of activity and an increase in the entropy of interspike interval\u0000distribution were observed. Parameters of spike activity of the\u0000reminder 38.3% neurones of the suprachiasmatic nucleus did not change.\u0000The observed responses of the entropy of interspike interval distribution\u0000indicate the appropriate changes in a degree of irregularity of\u0000interspike interval induced by ghrelin. Application of selective\u0000high-affinity antagonist of GHS-R1a receptor, JMV 2959 (100 nM)\u0000did not induce responses of the investigated parameters of spike\u0000activity but completely prevented changes of both, spike frequency and\u0000entropy of interspike interval distribution observed in the presence\u0000of ghrelin. The obtained data show that hormone ghrelin by a direct\u0000influence on the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro modulates the activity\u0000level and spike code of relatively numerous population of neurones\u0000of the nucleus, wherein the effects of ghrelin are mediated by GHS-R1a\u0000receptors. The results of the current study provide additional evidence\u0000in favour of the hypothesis on the involvement of ghrelin in mechanisms\u0000of non-photic entrainment of the circadian biological clock in accordance\u0000with severity of food motivation and level of metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intranasal Insulin on Metabolic Parameters and Inflammation Factors in Diabetic Rats Exposed to Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion","authors":"I. I. Zorina, A. S. Pechalnova, E. E. Chernenko, K. V. Derkach, A. O. Shpakov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030190","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The search for natural biologically active substances having\u0000a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury\u0000is one of the major priorities of modern neuroscience and medicine. Intranasal\u0000insulin (INI) exerts a pronounced restorative effect on various\u0000neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms of its action and\u0000its therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia have not been well\u0000studied, including in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) which increases\u0000the risk of cerebrovascular dysfunction. The aim of the work was\u0000to study the effect of INI on metabolic parameters and inflammatory\u0000factors in male Wistar rats with DM2, exposed to cerebral ischemia,\u0000as compared to nondiabetic animals. DM2 was induced by a combination\u0000of high-fat diet and low-dose (25 mg/kg) streptozotocin administration. Cerebral\u0000ischemia was studied in a rat model of global forebrain ischemia-reperfusion\u0000(IR) injury induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries,\u0000followed by a 7-day reperfusion. Two h after the end of ischemic\u0000exposure, the rats were treated with INI at a dose of 0.5 or 2.0\u0000IU/rat, after which the drug was administered at the same dose,\u0000once a day, for the following 7 days. INI was found to prevent body\u0000weight loss in both nondiabetic and DM2 IR-exposed rats, while elevating\u0000plasma total cholesterol levels and epididymal fat fraction in IR-exposed\u0000nondiabetic animals only. In IR-exposed DM2 rats, INI (at both doses\u0000used) reduced postprandial plasma levels of glucose and insulin,\u0000indicative of improved glucose tolerance, as well as plasma levels\u0000of inflammatory factors, C-reactive protein (at a dose of 0.5 IU/rat/day),\u0000and tumor necrosis factor-α (at a dose of 2 IU/rat/day), indicative\u0000of its anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, a post-IR course treatment\u0000with INI improves metabolic parameters and abates inflammatory responses\u0000in DM2 rats, which may be in high demand when correcting ischemic stroke\u0000in patients with DM2.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of the Role of Luteolin in Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Damage","authors":"N. Elagül-Tombul, İ. Söğüt, A. Köse-Vuruşkan","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030086","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of luteolin\u0000(LUT) on testicular histology and biochemical changes in rats subjected\u0000to doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular damage. We used 34 male\u0000rats (8 weeks old) divided into four groups: Control group treated\u0000with normal saline on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28; LUT treated group\u0000(20 µg/kg daily for 28 days); DOX treated group (5 mg/kg on the same\u0000days as for the control group); DOX+LUT group (same scheme of treatment\u0000as for the LUT and DOX groups). Rats were sacrificed on day 29.\u0000Testicular tissue of the LUT group had normal histological structure.\u0000The DOX group had severe histopathological changes compared to the\u0000control which were significantly reversed by LUT treatment. Serum\u0000testosterone level in the DOX+LUT group was higher compared to the\u0000control and DOX groups while the malondialdehyde level decreased\u0000compared to the DOX group. Testicular malondialdehyde level of the\u0000DOX and DOX+LUT groups were higher than in the control and the total\u0000oxidant status of the DOX group was higher compared to the control\u0000while LUT treatment increased total antioxidant status in the DOX+LUT\u0000group. Luteolin had visible protective effect against testicular\u0000damage induced by doxorubicin, producing the improvement of histological structure\u0000by significantly enhancing antioxidant levels and reducing oxidant\u0000levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Anabolic Markers in Human Soleus Muscle after 21-Day Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest","authors":"S. P. Belova, S. A. Tyganov, K. A. Zaripova, B. S. Shenkman","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030128","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Prolonged bed rest can have a significant negative effect\u0000on skeletal muscles, leading to muscle wasting and reduced strength.\u0000This process can take as little as 10 days in healthy individuals,\u0000with the loss of muscle mass and strength being particularly pronounced\u0000during the first week of immobilization. Head-down tilt bed rest\u0000(HDTBR) is a method used to simulate physiological changes that\u0000occur in weightlessness during spaceflight. This technique involves\u0000lying in bed with the head tilted downward. Here, we analyze the\u0000key anabolic markers of the human <i>m. soleus</i> during\u000021 days of HDTBR. Six healthy male volunteers, aged 25–35 years,\u0000were exposed to 21 days of strict bed rest at a tilt angle of –6°. A\u0000needle biopsy of the <i>m. soleus</i> was\u0000performed via the Bergström method before the onset of HDTBR and\u0000on day 21 after that. The biopsy material was immediately frozen\u0000in liquid nitrogen for further Western blot and PCR analysis. A\u0000study of mTORC1 substrates showed a significant decrease in p70\u0000and 4EBP1 phosphorylation after HDTBR. We also observed a significant\u0000decrease in the phosphorylation of another ribosomal kinase, p90RSK,\u0000a significant increase in eEF2 phosphorylation, and an increase\u0000in eEF2k mRNA expression. In addition, the phosphorylation of AMPK\u0000and its substrate ACC decreased after HDTBR. The data obtained in\u0000this work support the hypothesis that a decrease in protein synthesis, together\u0000with an increase in proteolysis, contributes to the development\u0000of human <i>m. soleus</i> atrophy after\u000021 days of HDTBR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulatory Effect of Low Concentrations of Eu3+ on Spontaneous Cardiac Contractions","authors":"K. V. Sobol, S. M. Korotkov, I. V. Schemarova, V. P. Nesterov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Negative cumulative effects of lanthanides on the human body\u0000are well known; they are mainly related to the toxic effects of\u0000rare earth metals (REE) on muscle tissue. However, the effects of\u0000low concentrations of these metals on muscle are much less well\u0000studied. In our work, we identified an unusual stimulatory effect\u0000of low concentrations of europium (Eu³⁺)\u0000on spontaneous contractions of frog cardiac muscle atrial preparations.\u0000The aim of the present study was to investigate the stimulatory effect\u0000of europium (Eu³⁺) on the contraction\u0000of heart muscle atrial preparations, both normally and in the presence\u0000of the mitochondrial respiration inhibitor sodium azide (NaN₃).\u0000The study was carried out using two experimental models: muscle\u0000preparations obtained from isolated atria of the frog <i>Rana ridibunda</i> heart and mitochondria\u0000isolated from the heart of male Wistar rats. As a result of these\u0000studies, it was found that Eu³⁺ at a\u0000concentration of 0.2 mM, at a temperature of 20°C, potentiated frog\u0000atrial contractions in situ, with an increase in both the amplitude\u0000and the maximum rate of increase in the strength of single spontaneous\u0000contractions. Spontaneous atrial contractions became more resistant\u0000to the effects of 1 mM NaN₃. At the same\u0000time, Eu³⁺ did not affect the respiration\u0000of energized mitochondria, (activated by ADP (state 3) or 2,4-dinitrophenol\u0000(state 3U_DNP)). The intensity of this respiration\u0000decreased under conditions of calcium loading of mitochondria regardless\u0000of the presence of Eu³⁺ in the medium.\u0000Thus, on the basis of these studies, it was concluded that Eu³⁺ ions\u0000at low concentration (0.2 mM) stimulate atrial contraction and have\u0000a positive inotropic effect. The stimulating effect of low concentration\u0000of Eu³⁺ on the heart can be explained\u0000by synergism in the action of Ca²⁺ and Eu³⁺ on\u0000calcium channels, stimulation of Ca²⁺-dependent\u0000processes in cardiomyocytes and absence of negative effect on mitochondrial\u0000respiration. </p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Distribution of Parvalbumin-Immunopositive Neural Elements in the Spinal Cord of Newborn and Adult Cats","authors":"A. A. Veshchitskii, A. V. Belyaev, N. S. Merkulyeva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030049","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We performed a comparative immunohistochemical analysis of\u0000parvalbumin, a calcium-binding protein, expression in the lumbosacral\u0000spinal cord of newborn and adult cats. In contrast to adult animals,\u0000parvalbumin immunostaining in newborn kittens was mainly detected\u0000in the sensory fibers located in the dorsal horns and medial part\u0000of the intermediate gray matter. The location of these fibers partially\u0000recapitulates the position of the Clarke’s nuclei, but is not limited\u0000by their classical boundaries, spanning the entire length of the\u0000lumbar spinal cord and transitioning into the putative Stilling’s\u0000nuclei in the sacral region. Thus, in newborn kittens, in contrast\u0000to adult animals, parvalbumin-immunopositive proprioceptive fibers\u0000appear to make up a single network. We hypothesize that with age,\u0000this continuous system of fibers undergoes restructuring due to\u0000maturation and spreading of the neuronal and neuropil components\u0000of the lumbar enlargement, responsible primarily for the locomotor\u0000control. As a result, two local groups of interneurons, the Clarke’s\u0000and Stilling’s nuclei, form. The only parvalbumin-immunopositive\u0000spinal neurons in newborn kittens are premotor interneurons located\u0000along the lamina IX curvature. These neurons are characterized by\u0000a weak or no immunolabeling of the neuronal marker protein NeuN,\u0000which is indicative of a special neurochemical status of these neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dihydroquercetin on the Intensity of Oxydative Stress in Rat Liver Mitochondria at Hypothermia","authors":"R. A. Khalilov, A. M. Dzhafarova, Z. G. Rabadanova, M. B. Dzhafarov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030153","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A decrease in body temperature in homeothermic animals can\u0000cause a state of the body called hypothermic. It is accompanied\u0000by the development of a number of pathological processes, many of which\u0000are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the development\u0000of oxidative stress. In connection with the widespread introduction\u0000of hypothermia into medical practice, the question of the possibility\u0000of a regulatory influence on the proxidant-antioxidant status of\u0000mitochondria at low body temperatures remains relevant. In recent\u0000years, plant polyphenols, in particular dihydroquercetin (DHQ),\u0000have gained wide popularity as therapeutic agents with antioxidant\u0000and membrane protective effects. In this work, we investigated the\u0000effects of DHQ on the intensity of oxidative stress in rat liver mitochondria\u0000under moderate hypothermia. It was found that a course (5 days)\u0000oral administration of DHQ at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly\u0000reduces the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative modification\u0000of proteins (OMP) products in the liver mitochondria of control\u0000rats, increasing the content of non-enzymatic components of the\u0000thiol-disulfide antioxidant system’s. DHQ effectively protects liver\u0000mitochondria from the development of oxidative stress during hypothermia,\u0000as evidenced by a significant decrease (and in some cases, complete\u0000normalization) in the levels of diene conjugates, MDA, Schiff bases\u0000and carbonyl groups in a group of animals subjected to hypothermia\u0000with prior administration of this polyphenol. At the same time,\u0000DHQ significantly increases the levels of glutathione and vitamin\u0000E, and also normalizes the content of thiol groups in mitochondrial\u0000proteins. In vitro, DHQ exhibits a dose-dependent antioxidant effect,\u0000suppressing OMB in mitochondria incubated in Fenton’s medium (IC₅₀ =\u00000.160 mg/mL).</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cardarine on Gene Expression of Proteins Involved in Epileptogenesis in Rat Hippocampus in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","authors":"A. R. Kharisova, A. I. Roginskaya, O. E. Zubareva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030177","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>During the last years, the role of astro- and microglial cells\u0000and associated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of epilepsy\u0000has been extensively discussed. These cells can be in different\u0000functional state. The extreme A1 and M1 phenotypes producing predominantly\u0000pro-inflammatory (promoting epileptogenesis) proteins and the A2\u0000and M2 phenotypes producing anti-inflammatory (preventing epileptogenesis)\u0000proteins. It has been suggested that the use of drugs that can stimulate\u0000polarisation from M1 and A1 to M2 and A2 phenotypes may be a successful\u0000strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. Such drugs include agonists\u0000of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor nuclear receptors\u0000(PPARs). The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the\u0000expression of micro- and astroglial proteins involved in the regulation\u0000of epileptogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus of rats in the lithium-pilocarpine\u0000model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to investigate the effect\u0000of the PPAR agonist beta/delta cardarine on these processes. Cardarine\u0000was administered at the initial stages of epileptogenesis (within\u00007 days after induction of the TLE model), and two months later (chronic\u0000phase of the model) we analysed the expression of genes of interest\u0000in the dorsal hippocampus by real-time RT-PCR. The performed study revealed\u0000changes in gene expression of astro- and microglial proteins during\u0000epileptogenesis, mainly associated with the enhancement of neuroinflammatory\u0000processes and weakening of neuroprotective properties of these cells.\u0000In TLE rats the expression of genes of markers of astro- (<i>Gfap</i>) and microglia activation (<i>Aif1</i>), pro- (<i>Il1b</i>, <i>Nlrp3</i>) and anti-inflammatory (<i>Il1rn</i>) proteins, markers of the A1 phenotype\u0000of astrocytes (<i>Lcn2</i>, <i>Gbp2</i>) and growth factors (<i>Bdnf</i>, <i>Fgf2</i>)\u0000was increased. Gene expression of the protective M2 phenotype <i>Arg1</i> gene was decreased in TLE rats.\u0000The most striking effect of cardarine administration was manifested\u0000in the enhanced expression of the marker A2 gene of the <i>S100a10</i> astrocyte phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 5-HT3 Receptor-Dependent Facilitatory Influence of the Infralimbic Cortex on the Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla Visceral Pain-Related Neurons and Its Colitis-Associated Changes in Rats","authors":"O. A. Lyubashina, I. B. Sivachenko","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030268","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The medial prefrontal cortex has been shown to participate\u0000in pain processing and to undergo structural and functional changes\u0000in chronic visceral pain syndromes. Its infralimbic region (IL)\u0000is directly involved in central autonomic regulation and provides\u0000extensive projections to pain-related brain centers, being most\u0000capable of modulating visceral nociception. However, the precise\u0000neuronal and molecular mechanisms underlying IL-exerted descending\u0000control of visceral pain and their probable alterations in pathology\u0000remain unknown. Considering the high levels of serotonin 5-HT3 receptors\u0000in the IL and their important role in visceral pain regulation,\u0000in this study performed in anesthetized adult male Wistar rats,\u0000we aimed to determine whether 5-HT3 receptor-dependent mechanisms\u0000are involved in the IL influence on visceral pain-responsive neurons\u0000of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) and whether intestinal\u0000inflammation affects the process. Our results showed that electrical\u0000stimulation of the IL caused a facilitation of both excitatory and\u0000inhibitory CVLM neuron responses to noxious colorectal distension\u0000(CRD). Both effects were 5-HT3-dependent, being decreased following intracerebroventricular\u0000injection of a 5-HT3-antagonist, granisetron (20 µg in 10 µL saline).\u0000In trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis, the IL stimulating\u0000influence on CRD-excited CVLM neurons intensified, while the cortex-driven\u0000facilitation of CRD-inhibited cells reduced; both appeared resistant\u0000to the 5-HT3 receptor blockade. These data provide an insight to\u0000the specific mechanisms underlying cortical modulation of acute\u0000and gut pathology-associated visceral nociception, promoting the\u0000development of differentiated strategies for their treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}