Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第6页

Song recognition in Floridian Ormia ochracea reflects multidimensional temporal tuning. 佛罗里达奥克拉马的歌曲识别反映了多维时间调谐。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-15 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252806

Lauren J Bitner, Jimena A Dominguez, Luke Bemish, Quang Vu, Julia F Morgan, David A Gray, Andrew C Mason, Norman Lee

{"title":"Song recognition in Floridian Ormia ochracea reflects multidimensional temporal tuning.","authors":"Lauren J Bitner, Jimena A Dominguez, Luke Bemish, Quang Vu, Julia F Morgan, David A Gray, Andrew C Mason, Norman Lee","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252806","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252806","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic communication signals often contain a complex temporal structure, yet how this temporal structure contributes to signal recognition is poorly understood, particularly in eavesdropping receivers. The parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea localises host crickets by eavesdropping on their calling songs. In Florida, preferred host songs consist of sound pulses repeated at ∼50 pulses s-1, and flies exhibit matching preferences. However, it is unclear whether this preference reflects sensitivity to individual temporal parameters or to derived temporal relationships that emerge from their combination. We independently varied pulse duration and interpulse interval across a broad stimulus space and quantified tethered-walking phonotaxis using a switch-following paradigm. Behavioural responses formed a structured tuning surface, with elevated responses for pulse durations of ∼5-15 ms across a broad range of interpulse intervals, together with high performance along a diagonal corresponding to 50 pulses s-1. Responses failed to collapse across stimuli sharing the same pulse rate or pulse period, indicating that these parameters alone do not determine recognition. Models allowing behavioural responses to vary jointly across combinations of temporal parameters substantially outperformed models based on single parameters. Although pulse duration strongly constrained recognition, behavioural responses also varied systematically with interpulse interval and could not be explained by pulse duration, interpulse interval, pulse rate, pulse period or duty cycle alone. The apparent preference of O. ochracea for ∼50 pulses s-1 therefore represents one component of a broader temporal recognition landscape rather than recognition based on pulse rate alone.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"229 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148969179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flight energetics of barn swallows across speeds: high aerodynamic efficiency, but low energy conversion efficiency. 飞燕跨速度飞行能量学：高气动效率，但低能量转换效率。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-15 Epub Date: 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252390

Pablo Macías-Torres, Sonja I Friman, L Christoffer Johansson, Anders Hedenström

{"title":"Flight energetics of barn swallows across speeds: high aerodynamic efficiency, but low energy conversion efficiency.","authors":"Pablo Macías-Torres, Sonja I Friman, L Christoffer Johansson, Anders Hedenström","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252390","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252390","url":null,"abstract":"Bird flight conversion efficiency (η) determines the amount of metabolic power (Pmet) transformed into mechanical power (Pmech) to remain aloft, and it is central to understanding animal flight energetics, yet it remains difficult to quantify. Using 13C-labelled sodium bicarbonate (NaBi) and particle image velocimetry (PIV), we measured Pmet and Pmech, respectively, in un-instrumented barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) flying across 7.8 to 13.6 m s-1 in a wind tunnel. Both Pmet and Pmech showed the expected U-shaped relationship with airspeed. Whole-animal η showed a shallow peak at 7% at 11 m s-1. Partial efficiency (ηp), estimated from horizontal and 4 deg climbing flight, was 27% (95% confidence interval CI: -2 to 56.1). Compared with thrush nightingales previously studied under identical conditions, barn swallows exhibited higher weight-specific flight Pmet but lower lift-specific Pmech, reflecting a higher basal metabolic rate but greater aerodynamic efficiency in barn swallows. Barn swallows showed lower peak and flatter η curve across speeds compared with that of the nightingales, suggesting a trade-off between flight energetics and flight speed: higher efficiency peak over a narrow speed range (thrush nightingales) versus lower, more consistent efficiency across a broader speed range (barn swallows). Whereas nightingales fly mainly during migration, barn swallows spend much of the day airborne and use a wider range of flight speeds, potentially favouring versatility over a narrow η peak. Although η has been studied in few species, our results suggest that η is both species and speed dependent, probably shaped by species-specific ecological demands.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"229 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal swimming exercise training improves survival and the heritability of thermal tolerance and length in brown trout offspring. 母体游泳运动训练提高了褐鳟后代的存活率和热耐受性和长度的遗传能力。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-15 Epub Date: 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252530

Luca Pettinau, Tytti-Maria Uurasmaa, Eila Seppänen, Asko Sikanen, Miika Raitakivi, Jenni M Prokkola, Amelie Crespel, Katja Anttila

{"title":"Maternal swimming exercise training improves survival and the heritability of thermal tolerance and length in brown trout offspring.","authors":"Luca Pettinau, Tytti-Maria Uurasmaa, Eila Seppänen, Asko Sikanen, Miika Raitakivi, Jenni M Prokkola, Amelie Crespel, Katja Anttila","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252530","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252530","url":null,"abstract":"Hatchery-reared fish released to sustain wild populations exhibit low survival in the wild. Possible reasons are rearing conditions that preclude fish from displaying their natural swimming behaviour, which negatively affect their cardiorespiratory physiology. This might also make them vulnerable to heatwaves, reducing their survival. Here, we investigate whether the negative effects of captive rearing on cardiac performance and fitness-related traits could be mitigated by maternal exercise in brown trout (Salmo trutta). We reared the mothers in two exercise training programmes with different water flow velocities: control (0.12 m s-1) and exercise (0.41 m s-1). After 5 weeks of training, exercise-trained mothers showed significantly higher cardiac thermal tolerance, measured by the thermal performance curve for maximal heart rate (fH,max) and the temperature of onset of cardiac arrhythmia (Tarr). Exercise training not only improved cardiac thermal performance and reproductive success in mothers but also enhanced the survival of embryos via transgenerational plasticity. However, maternal exercise did not affect the thermal tolerance in the offspring, as measured by critical thermal maximum (CTmax), fH,max and Tarr. Interestingly, the heritability and, therefore, the evolutionary potential of body length and thermal tolerance increased in the offspring from trained mothers. Our results suggest that exercise training represents a valuable tool for improving the physiological performance of hatchery-reared fish, having cascading beneficial effects on the next generation. This study strengthens the idea that transgenerational plasticity and interactions between genotype and the parental environment can be harnessed to improve conservation and restoration programmes by producing more resilient offspring.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From opsin gene expression to visual performance: an investigation into the multiple spectral sensitivities of boxfishes (Ostracion spp.). 从视蛋白基因表达到视觉表现：boxfish （Ostracion spp.）多光谱敏感性的研究。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-15 Epub Date: 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252538

Abigail Shaughnessy, Martin Luehrmann, Fanny de Busserolles, N Justin Marshall, Fabio Cortesi, Karen L Cheney

{"title":"From opsin gene expression to visual performance: an investigation into the multiple spectral sensitivities of boxfishes (Ostracion spp.).","authors":"Abigail Shaughnessy, Martin Luehrmann, Fanny de Busserolles, N Justin Marshall, Fabio Cortesi, Karen L Cheney","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252538","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252538","url":null,"abstract":"Colour vision arises from the comparison of spectral input across at least two differently tuned photoreceptors. In most vertebrates, colour discrimination is mediated by two to four differently tuned cone photoreceptors, providing sensitivity from ultraviolet (<400 nm) to red (∼600-700 nm) wavelengths. However, microspectrophotometry (MSP) indicated that the white-spotted boxfish, Ostracion meleagris, collected from Hawaiian reefs could possess five spectrally distinct cones. To explore the potential for increased cone diversity, we used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate colour vision in O. meleagris and its sister species, Ostracion cubicus, from the Great Barrier Reef. Contrary to the MSP data, retinal transcriptomics and fluorescence in situ hybridisation found no evidence for five spectral sensitivities in either species. Instead, single cones (PR3) expressed sws2b, while the two members of the double cones (PR1 and PR2) expressed rh2a and rh2c opsins, respectively. Amino acid modelling revealed putative visual pigments with uniformly spaced peak spectral sensitivities at 420 nm (SWS2B-based), 461-474 nm (RH2C) and 523-528 nm (RH2A). We compared the colour vision performance of O. cubicus with that of a well-studied trichromatic reef fish, the Picasso triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus). Compared with R. aculeatus, O. cubicus exhibited significantly lower detection thresholds for blue and achromatic grey, but not for green stimuli. Together, we found no support for five distinct spectral channels in the colour vision system in Australian boxfishes. Instead, these boxfish likely have trichromatic colour vision optimised for contrast detection, highlighting the importance of integrating multiple lines of investigation for accurately characterising animal colour perception.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Echolocation converges under shared environmental conditions in wild bats. 野生蝙蝠的回声定位在共同的环境条件下收敛。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-15 Epub Date: 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252231

Astrid Særmark Uebel, Antoniya Hubancheva, Kristian Beedholm, Peter Teglberg Madsen, Laura Stidsholt

{"title":"Echolocation converges under shared environmental conditions in wild bats.","authors":"Astrid Særmark Uebel, Antoniya Hubancheva, Kristian Beedholm, Peter Teglberg Madsen, Laura Stidsholt","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252231","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252231","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency and intensity of animal vocalisations scale with body size, resulting in smaller animals generally producing weaker and higher frequency sounds than larger animals. Echolocating bats are small mammals that not only vocalise to communicate but also produce high-frequency calls to perform echo-guided foraging in a variety of environments. Thus, in addition to body size, vocal scaling in bats may likely be driven by foraging specialisations and environmental context. To test this hypothesis, we used a microphone array to record the echolocation behaviour of seven wild bat species (6-32 g) orienting through a narrow tunnel during nightly cave emergence. Under these recording conditions, the bats faced the same sensory scene while solving the same natural behavioural task. As predicted from mammalian vocal scaling, the centroid frequency of calls decreased with body size for both constant-frequency (CF) and frequency-modulating (FM) bats. However, the frequency scaling slope of FM bats was less negative than predicted, suggesting convergence of call frequency across body size and foraging specialisations. Contrary to general scaling principles, call intensity and call intervals also converged across body size, meaning that smaller bats called louder, and larger bats called more often than predicted by their size. This leads us to conclude that environmental context is a very important driver of bat echolocation behaviour and that this deviation from normal scaling principles must be considered when performing comparative sensory studies across bats of different sizes, foraging specialisations and sensory scenes.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of light pollution spectra and intensity on the development and mortality of tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) larvae. 光污染光谱和强度对白纹伊蚊幼虫发育和死亡的影响。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-15 Epub Date: 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252361

Lauren E Johnson, Emma R Uder, Kathleen G Dobbs, Elena Powell, Laura L Tayon, Tom Radomski, Kim A Medley, Katie M Westby

{"title":"Impact of light pollution spectra and intensity on the development and mortality of tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) larvae.","authors":"Lauren E Johnson, Emma R Uder, Kathleen G Dobbs, Elena Powell, Laura L Tayon, Tom Radomski, Kim A Medley, Katie M Westby","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252361","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252361","url":null,"abstract":"Light pollution is a global urban stressor that can impact the behavior, physiology and fitness of many species, including disease vectors such as the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Experimental and observational studies in diverse arthropods have shown that artificial light at night (ALAN) can either slow development or accelerate it at the cost of higher mortality, suggesting that immature life stages may be vulnerable to light pollution. This study investigated how varying intensities of artificial light pollution - using both high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps - affect the developmental rates of immature Ae. albopictus mosquitoes under semi-natural field conditions. During a controlled field experiment, newly hatched Ae. albopictus larvae were exposed to five different light intensity levels (10, 30, 60, 100 and 200 lx) under HPS and LED illumination alongside a control group without artificial light exposure. We measured time to pupation and emergence and mortality in both male and female mosquitoes to assess the biological impacts of varying light type and intensity. Our findings indicated no significant differences in average time to pupation or emergence across the different combinations of light type and intensity or control groups. However, greater variation was observed within certain light type and intensity combinations, suggesting potential nuances in ecological impacts not reflected in group averages. Mortality was consistently low across all groups, indicating that light pollution does not significantly impair larval survival in Ae. albopictus. These results suggest that under typical urban lighting conditions, Ae. albopictus development and immature survival remain robust.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The energy cost of walking is sensitive to speed but not gravity; for running it's the other way around: model and experiment. 步行的能量消耗对速度敏感，但对重力不敏感；跑步则是另一种方式：模型和实验。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250582

A Ruina, R T Schroeder, J E A Bertram

{"title":"The energy cost of walking is sensitive to speed but not gravity; for running it's the other way around: model and experiment.","authors":"A Ruina, R T Schroeder, J E A Bertram","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250582","url":null,"abstract":"We contrast walking and running by looking at the effects of speed and gravity on subject-preferred step length and consequent energy use. First, we reproduced some classic reduced-gravity experiments. At normal gravity and at an artificially reduced gravity, oxygen consumption and self-selected step length were measured at various speeds. Next, we used a minimal model that has a point-mass body, energy lost to ground collisions, and legs with inertia. A work-based metabolic cost is assumed. In the model, the proxy for self-selection of step length is the assumption that at each speed and gravity level, the step length minimizes energy use. Our experiments confirm previous experiments: for walking the specific energetic cost of transport is highly sensitive to speed but not much to the magnitude of artificially reduced gravity and, conversely, that for running the energetic cost is highly sensitive to gravity but not to speed. These converse trends are also predicted by the minimal model. For walking, the minimal-model-predicted costs of both the step-to-step transition at heel-strike and of leg swing increase with speed but are not influenced by gravity. For running, as gravity is reduced from earth-normal, the model-calculated energy-minimizing step frequency decreases so the predicted metabolic cost of leg swing is decreased. At any gravity level, as running speed increases at given step length, the model-predicted cost of each running collision decreases. So, energy minimizing step length uses longer stride lengths (and times) resulting in the famous near-constant specific cost of transport for running. The general agreement of the experiments and the simple model highlights the differences between the energy costs for walking and for running.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zinc induces cooperative group formation in sperm from the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. 锌诱导鹿鼠精子中合作群体的形成。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-08 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252740

Rachel E Bainbridge, Joel C Rosenbaum, Kayla M Komondor, Karen Peralta Martínez, Kevin D Kohl, Anne E Carlson

引用次数: 0

Stroke rate detection from accelerometer data on marine mammals. 基于海洋哺乳动物加速度计数据的脑卒中率检测。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252217

Frederik H Jensen, Outi M Tervo, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Susanne Ditlevsen

引用次数: 0

Pollen release during buzz pollination depends on vibration amplitude and floral vibration transmission, but not on spectral composition. 蜂传粉过程中花粉释放与振动振幅和花的振动传输有关，而与光谱组成无关。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.253005

Mario Vallejo-Marin, Alexie Magitteri, Noah Jafferis

{"title":"Pollen release during buzz pollination depends on vibration amplitude and floral vibration transmission, but not on spectral composition.","authors":"Mario Vallejo-Marin, Alexie Magitteri, Noah Jafferis","doi":"10.1242/jeb.253005","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.253005","url":null,"abstract":"Bees use vibrations across behavioural contexts, including a specialised foraging routine in which they vibrate flowers to release pollen (floral vibrations). Floral vibrations often have complex spectral properties, combining fundamental frequencies and their harmonics, yet their functional consequences remain unknown. We experimentally replicated bee buzzes with identical fundamental frequency (300 Hz) but different harmonic content (0, 2 or 4 harmonics) to determine their effect on pollen release, a key functional outcome for both the bee and the flower. We normalised signals to the same average power by holding root mean squared (RMS) acceleration constant and applied three RMS levels to test for interactions between power and spectral composition. We applied vibrations to flowers and quantified both the input signal (at the shaker) and the vibration transmitted at a distal anther, and measured pollen release. Harmonic content did not explain pollen release at any RMS level. In contrast, RMS acceleration strongly predicted pollen removal. The RMS measured at the distal anther was only weakly correlated with the input RMS, suggesting that the flower strongly modifies the vibration signal. Both input RMS and distal anther RMS explained pollen release, irrespective of spectral composition. Our results suggest that pollen release is determined by vibration amplitude (RMS acceleration) rather than spectral composition and is jointly governed by the bee-generated input and the mechanical filtering properties of the flower.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0