Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第10页

The energetic cost of human walking as a function of uneven terrain amplitude.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249840

Seyed-Saleh Hosseini-Yazdi, Arthur D Kuo

{"title":"The energetic cost of human walking as a function of uneven terrain amplitude.","authors":"Seyed-Saleh Hosseini-Yazdi, Arthur D Kuo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249840","url":null,"abstract":"Humans expend more energy walking on uneven terrain, but the amount varies across terrains. Few experimental characterizations exist, each describing terrain qualitatively without any relation to others or flat ground. This precludes mechanistic explanation of the energy costs. Here we show that energy cost varies smoothly and approximately quadratically as a function of terrain amplitude. We tested this with healthy adults (N=10) walking on synthetic uneven terrain with random step heights of parametrically controlled maximum amplitude (four conditions 0 - 0.045 m), and at four walking speeds (0.8 - 1.4 m.s-1). Both net metabolic rate and the rate of positive work increased approximately with amplitude squared and speed cubed (R2 = 0.74,0.82 respectively), as predicted by a simple walking model. The model requires work to redirect the body center of mass velocity between successive arcs described by pendulum-like legs, at proportional metabolic cost. Humans performed most of the greater work with terrain amplitude early in the single stance phase, and with speed later in stance during push-off. Work and energy rates changed with approximately linear proportionality, with a ratio or delta efficiency of 49.5% (R2 = 0.68). The efficiency was high enough to suggest substantial work performed passively by elastic tendon and not only by active muscle. Simple kinematic measures such as mid-swing foot clearance also increased with terrain amplitude (R2 = 0.65), possibly costing energy as well. Nevertheless, most of the metabolic cost of walking faster or on more uneven terrain can be explained mechanistically by the work performed.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ambient temperature leads to differential immune strategies in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249634

María Celina Carrizo, Roxana Rita Zenuto, Facundo Luna, Ana Paula Cutrera

{"title":"Ambient temperature leads to differential immune strategies in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum.","authors":"María Celina Carrizo, Roxana Rita Zenuto, Facundo Luna, Ana Paula Cutrera","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249634","url":null,"abstract":"Animal thermoregulation may have significant costs and compete directly or indirectly with other energetically demanding processes, such as immune function. Although the subterranean environment is characterized by thermally-stable conditions, small changes in ambient temperature could be critical in shaping immunity. However, little is known about the effects of ambient temperature, in naturally varying ranges, on immunity of wild species. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to ambient temperatures on energy metabolism and body temperature during the acute phase immune response (APR) in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum, 70 adult animals were divided into 3 experimental groups exposed twice for 1 h to 15°C, 25°C or 32°C (below, at or near the upper limit of the thermoneutral zone, respectively) before and after injections with saline (C, control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, which induces the APR). Animals exposed to 25°C and 32°C showed a similar APR pattern, characterized by fever (average: 37.1°C and 37.7°C, respectively), a 16% increase in O2 consumption and an increase in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Body mass loss and symptoms of sickness behavior were detected from 1 and 3 h post injection. Individuals exposed to 15°C, increased their metabolic rate by 60%, showed frequent hypothermia (34.3°C on average) and the characteristic N/L increase was attenuated. Body mass loss and sickness behavior were mostly detected 24 h post injection. Our results suggest that the thermoregulation costs in C. talarum may limit the energy available for immunity, leading to different strategies to cope with infection.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: Invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249641

Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss

{"title":"Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: Invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish.","authors":"Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249641","url":null,"abstract":"Acidification is a key component of digestion throughout metazoans. The gut digestive fluid of many invertebrates is acidified by the vesicular-type H+-ATPase (VHA). In contrast, vertebrates generate acidic gut fluids using the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (HKA); an evolutionary innovation linked with the appearance of a true stomach that greatly improves digestion, absorption, and immune function. Hagfishes are the most basal extant vertebrates, and their mechanism of digestive acidification remains unclear. Herein we report that the stomachless Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) acidify their gut using the VHA, while searches of E. stoutii gut transcriptomes and the genome of a closely related hagfish species (E. burgerii) indicate they lack HKA, consistent with its emergence following the 2R whole genome duplication. Immunostaining revealed prominent VHA presence in the apical membrane of enterocytes and sub-apical expression of both VHA and sAC. Interestingly, akin to vertebrates, VHA was also observed in immature pancreatic-like zymogen granules and was noticeably absent from the mature granules. Furthermore, isolated gut sacs from fed hagfish demonstrate increased VHA-dependent luminal H+ secretion that is stimulated by the cAMP pathway. Overall, these results suggest that the hagfish gut shares the trait of VHA-dependent acidification with invertebrates, while simultaneously performing some roles of the pancreas and intestine of gnathostomes.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispecies comparisons support a startle response origin for a novel vibrational signal in the cricket tribe Lebinthini.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249877

Mia E Phillips, Hannah Marr, Stefan Schöneich, Tony Robillard, Hannah M Ter Hofstede

{"title":"Multispecies comparisons support a startle response origin for a novel vibrational signal in the cricket tribe Lebinthini.","authors":"Mia E Phillips, Hannah Marr, Stefan Schöneich, Tony Robillard, Hannah M Ter Hofstede","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249877","url":null,"abstract":"Many animals communicate using call and response signals, but the evolutionary origins of this type of communication are largely unknown. In most cricket species, males sing and females walk or fly to calling males. In the tribe Lebinthini, however, males produce calls that trigger a vibrational reply from females, and males use the substrate vibrations to find the responding female. Here we assess two hypotheses regarding the behavioral origin of this multimodal duet in the Lebinthini. We conducted playback experiments and measured behavioral and neuronal responses in multiple related cricket species to assess whether the precursor to the lebinthine duet was 1) a startle response to high-frequency sound, or 2) elaboration of a preexisting courtship behavior. We found behavioral similarities between the vibrational response of Lebinthini females and the acoustic startle behavior in other gryllid crickets. Specifically, the amplitude of the vibrational reply increases with male song amplitude in Lebinthini, and the magnitude of vibrations produced by two gryllid species when startled with ultrasound also correlates with the stimulus amplitude. Like in-flight startle behavior, the startle vibrations produced by perched crickets are suppressed when low-frequency sound is played simultaneously. We also observed courtship behavior in four gryllid species and found few instances of female vibration. Vibrational signals observed in Gryllus pennsylvanicus females were not correlated with male calls and occurred more frequently in pairs that did not mate after courtship. Combined, accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that the lebinthine duet more likely evolved from a startle precursor than courtship behavior.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracellular and intracellular digestion in the bivalves studied by magnetic resonance imaging with a contrast reagent.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249932

Eriko Seo, Yoshiteru Seo

引用次数: 0

Allatostatin-C signaling in the crab, Carcinus maenas is implicated in the ecdysis programme.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249929

Jodi L Hoppes, David C Wilcockson, Simon G Webster

{"title":"Allatostatin-C signaling in the crab, Carcinus maenas is implicated in the ecdysis programme.","authors":"Jodi L Hoppes, David C Wilcockson, Simon G Webster","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249929","url":null,"abstract":"The allatostatin (AST) family of neuropeptides are widespread in arthropods. The multitude of structures and pleiotropic actions reflect the tremendous morphological, physiological and behavioral diversity of the phylum. Regarding the AST-C (with C-terminal PISCF motif) peptides, crustaceans commonly express three (AST-C, -CC, -CCC) that have likely arisen by gene duplication. However, we know little regarding their physiologically relevant actions. Here we functionally characterize the cognate receptor for AST-C and AST-CC, determine tissue expression and comprehensively examine the localization of AST mRNA and peptide. We also measured peptide release, circulating titers and performed bioassays to investigate possible roles. AST-C and -CC activate a single receptor (AST-CRd), but this, and other candidate receptors were not activated by AST-CCC. Whole mount in-situ hybridization (ISH) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) FISH complemented neuropeptide immunolocalization strategies and revealed extensive expression of AST-Cs in the central nervous system. AST-C or -CCC expressing neurons were found in the cerebral ganglia, but AST-CC expression was never observed. Of note, we infer that AST-C and -CC are co-expressed in every neuron expressing crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) and bursicon (BURS); all four peptides are released from the pericardial organs during a brief period coinciding with completion of emergence. In contrast to other studies, none of the AST-C peptides exhibited any effect on ecdysteroid synthesis or cardiac activity. However, expression of the AST-C receptor on hemocytes suggests a tantalizing glimpse of possible functions in immune modulation following ecdysis, at a time when crustaceans are vulnerable to pathogens.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two cGMP-dependent protein kinases have opposing effects on molt-inhibiting hormone regulation of Y-organ ecdysteroidogenesis.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249739

Talia B Head, Jorge L Pérez-Moreno, Tomer Ventura, David S Durica, Donald L Mykles

{"title":"Two cGMP-dependent protein kinases have opposing effects on molt-inhibiting hormone regulation of Y-organ ecdysteroidogenesis.","authors":"Talia B Head, Jorge L Pérez-Moreno, Tomer Ventura, David S Durica, Donald L Mykles","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249739","url":null,"abstract":"Decapod crustaceans regulate molting through steroid molting hormones, ecdysteroids, synthesized by the molting gland (Y-organ, YO). Molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), a neuropeptide synthesized and secreted by the eyestalk ganglia, negatively regulates YO ecdysteroidogenesis. MIH signaling is mediated by cyclic nucleotide second messengers. cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is the presumed effector of MIH signaling by inhibiting mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent ecdysteroidogenesis. Phylogenetic analysis of PKG contiguous sequences in CrusTome as well as 35 additional species in NCBI RefSeq, identified 206 PKG1 sequences in 108 species and 59 PKG2 sequences in 53 species. These included four PKG1α splice variants in the N-terminal region that were unique to decapods, as well as PKG1β and PKG2 homologs. In vitro assays using YOs from the blackback land crab (Gecarcinus lateralis) and green shore crab (Carcinus maenas) determined the effects of MIH±PKG inhibitors on ecdysteroid secretion. A general PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, countered the effects of MIH, as ecdysteroid secretion increased in PKG-inhibited YOs compared to C. maenas YOs incubated with MIH alone. By contrast, a PKG2-specific inhibitor, AP-C5 (4-[4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-N-2-propyn-1-yl-2-pyrimidinamine), enhanced the effects of MIH, as ecdysteroid secretion decreased in G. lateralis and C. maenas YOs incubated with AP-C5 and MIH compared to YOs incubated with MIH alone. These data suggest that both PKG1 and PKG2 are activated by MIH, but have opposing effects on mTORC1-dependent ecdysteroidogenesis. A model is proposed in which the dominant role of PKG1 is countered by PKG2, resulting in low ecdysteroid production by the basal YO during intermolt.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accounting for the role of the gastro-intestinal tract in the ammonia and urea-N dynamics of freshwater rainbow trout on long-term satiation feeding. 说明长期饱食条件下，胃肠道在淡水虹鳟鱼氨氮和尿素氮动态中的作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249654

Chris M Wood, Junho Eom

{"title":"Accounting for the role of the gastro-intestinal tract in the ammonia and urea-N dynamics of freshwater rainbow trout on long-term satiation feeding.","authors":"Chris M Wood, Junho Eom","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249654","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of the gut to the ingestion, production, absorption, and excretion of the extra ammonia and urea-N associated with feeding (\"exogenous\" fraction) has received limited prior attention. Analysis of commercial pellet food revealed appreciable concentrations of ammonia and urea-N. Long term satiation-feeding increased whole trout ammonia and urea-N excretion rates by 2.5-fold above fasting levels. Blood was sampled from the dorsal aorta, posterior, mid, and anterior sub-intestinal veins, as well as the hepatic portal vein in situ. Ammonia, urea-N, and fluid flux rates were measured in vitro using novel gut sac preparations filled with native chyme. The sacs maintained the extreme physico-chemical conditions of the lumen seen in vivo. Overall, these results confirmed our hypothesis that the stomach and anterior intestine+pyloric caecae regions play important roles in ammonia and urea-N production and/or absorption. There was a very high rate of urea-N production in the anterior intestine+pyloric caecae, whereas the posterior intestine dominated for ammonia synthesis. The stomach was the major site of ammonia absorption, and the anterior intestine+pyloric caecae region dominated for urea-N absorption. Model calculations indicated that >50% of the exogenous ammonia and urea-N excretion associated with satiation-feeding was produced in the anaerobic gut. This challenges standard metabolic theory used in fuel use calculations. The novel gut sac preparations gained fluid during incubation, especially in the anterior intestine+pyloric caecae, due to marked hyperosmolality in the chyme. Thus, satiation-feeding with commercial pellets is beneficial to the water balance of freshwater trout.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The metabolic cost of producing joint moments is greater at the hip than at the ankle. 产生关节力矩的代谢成本在臀部比脚踝要大。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249738

Negin Fallah, Owen N Beck

{"title":"The metabolic cost of producing joint moments is greater at the hip than at the ankle.","authors":"Negin Fallah, Owen N Beck","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249738","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249738","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults walk using their hips relatively more and their ankles relatively less than young adults. This 'distal-to-proximal redistribution' in leg joint mechanics is thought to drive the age-related increase in metabolic rate during walking. However, many morphological differences between hip and ankle joints make it difficult to predict how, or whether, the distal-to-proximal redistribution affects metabolic rate during walking. To address this uncertainty, we compared the metabolic rate of participants while they repeatedly produced isolated hip and ankle moment cycles on a dynamometer following biofeedback. Overall, participants produced greater joint moments at their ankle versus hip and correspondingly activated their largest ankle extensor muscle more than their largest hip extensor muscle. Cycle average muscle activation across other hip and ankle extensors was nondifferent. Despite producing greater joint moments using slightly more relative muscle activation at the ankle, participants expended more net metabolic power while producing moments at the hip. Therefore, producing joint extension moments at the hip requires more metabolic energy than that at the ankle. Our results support the notion that the distal-to-proximal redistribution of joint mechanics contribute to greater metabolic rate during walking in older versus young adults.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat sensitivity of sperm in the lizard Anolis sagrei. 蜥蜴精子的热敏性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249435

Wayne Wen-Yeu Wang, Natalie R Page, Anthony M Strickler, Alicia K Kusaka, Alex R Gunderson

{"title":"Heat sensitivity of sperm in the lizard Anolis sagrei.","authors":"Wayne Wen-Yeu Wang, Natalie R Page, Anthony M Strickler, Alicia K Kusaka, Alex R Gunderson","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249435","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249435","url":null,"abstract":"The heat sensitivity of reproduction is a critical determinant of population persistence under climate change. However, the heat sensitivity of gametes has been much less studied relative to that of adults. We developed a method to measure the heat tolerance limits of lizard sperm cells, and used the method to test several aspects of sperm cell thermal biology in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei). We estimated the repeatability of sperm traits by measuring heat tolerance and baseline motility of ejaculated sperm from the same individuals multiple times over 21 days. To investigate co-adaptation of sperm and adult thermal traits, we tested for a correlation between sperm heat tolerance and the heat tolerance of the adults that produced them. Furthermore, we tested for effects of episodic heat stress experienced by males on sperm performance. Sperm heat tolerance and motility were both repeatable, consistent with evolutionary potential, though there was clear evidence for environmental effects on these traits as well. Contrary to the expectation of thermal co-adaptation, we found no correlation between sperm and adult heat tolerance. A single, episodic extreme heat event experienced by adult males immediately impaired sperm motility, consistent with detrimental effects of adult heat stress on sperm stored within males. Our study adds to the mounting evidence that sperm are heat-sensitive and represent a vulnerability to global warming, but also suggest evolutionary potential for thermal adaptation at the gamete level.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0