Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第10页

Towards a standard application of the Reynolds number in studies of aquatic animal locomotion.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249896

Daniel Weihs, Arash Farsani, Roi Gurka

引用次数: 0

Swimming smarter, not harder: fishes exploit habitat heterogeneity to increase locomotor performance.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247918

Valentina Di Santo, Elsa Goerig

引用次数: 0

Why the superb physiological capacity of birds matters.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247986

Lucy A Hawkes

{"title":"Why the superb physiological capacity of birds matters.","authors":"Lucy A Hawkes","doi":"10.1242/jeb.247986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.247986","url":null,"abstract":"Among vertebrates, birds undertake the longest, fastest and highest migrations of any taxonomic group, largely due to their unique cardiorespiratory system, which permits for very large rates of gas exchange. Managing resultant elevated production of reactive oxygen species, and thus oxidative stress, has meant that birds can largely avoid pathologies relating to major medical challenges that now probably account for the majority of global healthcare spending. Hypoxia underlies most critical illnesses faced by humans, but the avian cardiorespiratory system can supply far more oxygen per unit of time than any mammal. Birds have high circulating glucose levels, but have adaptations to cope with the elevated production of oxidative stress brought about by hyperglycaemia. Birds also avoid the inflammatory responses brought about by obesity in humans when they seasonally gain huge fat stores. Lastly, birds live four times longer than similarly sized mammals, with seasonal endogenous muscle hypertrophy, and some birds even increase telomere length with age. A new frontier of 'physiologging' is emerging, making use of technologies for medical use, but that provide novel parameters for better understanding the biomechanics, energetics and ecology of a range of species. These physiologging tools are likely to provide insight into avian physiology, biomechanics and ecology including their ability to spread disease, as well as each of the medical challenges detailed in this Commentary. By virtue of their physiological capacity, the study of avian physiology is a critical area for future discovery and research using applied and interdisciplinary areas of biomechanics, ecology and physiology.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 Suppl_1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of plumage and heat dissipation areas in thermoregulation in doves.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.248200

Kristen E Crandell, Donald R Powers, Bret W Tobalske

{"title":"The role of plumage and heat dissipation areas in thermoregulation in doves.","authors":"Kristen E Crandell, Donald R Powers, Bret W Tobalske","doi":"10.1242/jeb.248200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.248200","url":null,"abstract":"Avian plumage contributes to the regulation of body temperature. In most climates, avian heat dissipation occurs passively via radiation, conduction and convection owing to the thermal gradient between the environment and the animal. The muscles that power flight also produce significant heat that must be dissipated. How plumage and areas with sparse or no feathers (termed 'heat dissipation areas', HDAs) interact with these mechanisms is unclear. We examined the role of plumage as an insulator, or dissipator, of heat in ringed turtle-doves (Streptopelia risoria) under four thermal regimes: resting, post-flight, heating via radiative lamps, and cooling via wind. We measured internal body temperature and skin-level temperature (under the plumage) using thermal PIT tags alongside surface temperature using a thermal imaging camera. Flight increased internal temperature by 0.6°C compared with resting, but the other treatments did not have significant effects. The skin-level temperature during wind exposure was 1.6°C cooler than in other conditions. HDAs changed in surface area above 35°C but not maximum temperature among treatments. Post-flight and during radiant heating, birds increased HDA surface area - most notably at the wing. During simulated wind produced using a fan, the HDAs of the beak and wing were eliminated, and areas of other HDAs were reduced. Our results demonstrate that birds modulate active HDAs to maintain consistent core body temperatures under induced temperature challenges. They also promote caution for extrapolating from thermal images of surface temperature to infer core temperature in birds.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sublethal changes to coral metabolism in response to deoxygenation. 对脱氧反应的珊瑚代谢的亚致死变化。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249638

J E Mallon, A H Altieri, T Cyronak, C V Melendez-Declet, V J Paul, M D Johnson

{"title":"Sublethal changes to coral metabolism in response to deoxygenation.","authors":"J E Mallon, A H Altieri, T Cyronak, C V Melendez-Declet, V J Paul, M D Johnson","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249638","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249638","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal deoxygenation poses a critical threat to tropical coral reefs. Dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion can cause hypoxia-induced stress and mortality in scleractinian corals. Coral hypoxic responses are species-specific and likely modulated by the duration and severity of low-DO conditions, although the physiological mechanisms driving hypoxia tolerance are not fully understood. In this study, the Caribbean corals Acropora cervicornis, Porites astreoides and Siderastrea siderea were exposed to either severe (1.5 mg l-1 DO) or moderate (3.5 mg l-1 DO) deoxygenation or a control treatment (6 mg l-1 DO). All corals survived 2 weeks of deoxygenation but exhibited sublethal changes to coral metabolism after 1- and 2-week exposures, compared with controls. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) was suppressed after 1 week in both deoxygenation treatments in A. cervicornis, and after 2 weeks in S. siderea and P. astreoides exposed to severe or moderate treatments, respectively. Respiration rates were lower than controls in A. cervicornis and S. siderea after 1 and 2 weeks of severe deoxygenation. The reduced respiration of P. astreoides after 1 week of moderate deoxygenation returned to control levels in week 2. Overall coral metabolic budgets, assessed by ratios of gross photosynthesis to respiration (Pg:R), were more autotrophic, or photosynthesis-dominant, after 1 week of severe deoxygenation in S. siderea and P. astreoides, whereas Pg:R was not significantly different in A. cervicornis between treatments. These results reveal that some corals shift their metabolism to tolerate low-oxygen conditions and avoid bleaching or mortality, indicating that metabolic plasticity is an important aspect of coral resistance to deoxygenation.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of moisture during development on phenotypes of egg-laying reptiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 发育期间水分对产卵爬行动物表型的影响：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249960

Cameron Bell, Rebecca S Raynal, Daniel W A Noble, Lisa E Schwanz, Daniel A Warner, Jenna E Pruett, Julia L Riley

{"title":"The effect of moisture during development on phenotypes of egg-laying reptiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cameron Bell, Rebecca S Raynal, Daniel W A Noble, Lisa E Schwanz, Daniel A Warner, Jenna E Pruett, Julia L Riley","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249960","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249960","url":null,"abstract":"The embryonic environment is critical for the development of many ectothermic vertebrates, which makes them highly vulnerable to environmental change. Changes in temperature and moisture, in particular, are known to influence embryo survival and offspring phenotypes. Although most papers concerning phenotypic development of terrestrial ectotherms focus on the role of temperature on eggs and embryos, the comparatively small number of studies on the effects of substrate moisture are well suited for quantitative analysis aimed at guiding future research. To accomplish this goal, we compiled data from 37 studies on 28 different reptile species and used a meta-analytic approach to quantify the effect of substrate moisture on several offspring outcomes: hatching success (survival), incubation duration, hatchling mass and length, and sex ratio. We found that substrate moisture had a small effect across most traits but significantly affected body size (i.e. length and mass), with wetter conditions producing longer and heavier hatchlings. Temperature also moderated the effect of moisture on hatching success, with higher temperatures resulting in lower success. Additionally, the effect of moisture on hatching success and hatchling mass was enhanced by larger differences in moisture concentration between treatments, yet the effect was small. Lastly, substrate moisture affected sex ratio in turtles, but not in other squamates. Overall, these analyses provide a foundation for further research investigating the effects of moisture on oviparous reptile development. Increasing the diversity of environmental variables for which we understand their impact on animal phenotype will be beneficial in an era with wide-ranging global change.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution and role of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in cardio-respiratory control of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus). 南美响尾蛇（Crotalus durissus）外周动脉化学感受器在心肺控制中的分布和作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249222

Catalina Reyes, Angelina Y Fong, Cleo A C Leite, Augusto S Abe, William K Milsom

{"title":"Distribution and role of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in cardio-respiratory control of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus).","authors":"Catalina Reyes, Angelina Y Fong, Cleo A C Leite, Augusto S Abe, William K Milsom","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249222","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249222","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors monitor the levels of arterial blood gases and adjust ventilation and perfusion to meet metabolic demands. These chemoreceptors are present in all vertebrates studied to date but have not been described fully in reptiles other than turtles. The goals of this study were to (1) identify functional chemosensory areas in the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus), (2) determine the neurochemical content of putative chemosensory cells in these areas and (3) determine the role each area plays in ventilatory and cardiovascular control. To this end, rattlesnakes were instrumented with transonic flow probes, arterial catheters and subcutaneous impedance electrodes to measure shunt fraction, heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation. The catheters were placed at three putative chemosensory sites, the bases of the aortic arch and pulmonary artery, and the carotid bifurcation, for site-specific activation with sodium cyanide (NaCN). These same sites were subsequently examined using immunohistochemical markers for acetylcholine, tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis) and serotonin to identify putative oxygen-sensing cells. All three sites were chemosensory and stimulating each led to cardiovascular (shunt fraction and heart rate) and respiratory adjustments although not in an identical fashion. All three chemosensory areas contained cells positive for serotonin; however, cells positive for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) were found only in the aorta and pulmonary artery. We found no labelling for tyrosine hydroxylase at any site.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing hypotheses of skull function with comparative finite element analysis: three methods reveal contrasting results. 用比较有限元分析检验头骨功能的假设：三种方法得出了截然不同的结果。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249747

D Rex Mitchell, Stephen Wroe, Meg Martin, Vera Weisbecker

{"title":"Testing hypotheses of skull function with comparative finite element analysis: three methods reveal contrasting results.","authors":"D Rex Mitchell, Stephen Wroe, Meg Martin, Vera Weisbecker","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249747","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249747","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative finite element analysis often involves standardising aspects of models to test equivalent loading scenarios across species. However, regarding feeding biomechanics of the vertebrate skull, what is considered 'equivalent' can depend on the hypothesis. Using 13 diversely shaped skulls of marsupial bettongs and potoroos (Potoroidae), we demonstrate that scaling muscle forces to standardise specific aspects of biting mechanics can produce clearly opposing comparisons of stress or strain that are differentially suited to address specific kinds of hypotheses. We therefore propose three categories of hypotheses for skull biting mechanics, each involving a unique method of muscle scaling to produce meaningful results: those comparing (1) the skull's efficiency in distributing muscle forces to the biting teeth, via standardising input muscle force to skull size, (2) structural biting adaptation through standardising mechanical advantage to simulate size-adjusted, equivalent bites and (3) feeding ecology affected by size, such as niche partitioning, via standardising bite reaction force.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geckos running with dynamic adhesion: towards integration of ecology, energetics and biomechanics.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247980

Timothy E Higham, Anthony P Russell

{"title":"Geckos running with dynamic adhesion: towards integration of ecology, energetics and biomechanics.","authors":"Timothy E Higham, Anthony P Russell","doi":"10.1242/jeb.247980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.247980","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological specializations often enable animals to deal with challenges in nature, a prime example being the adhesive system of geckos. With this, geckos can access smooth and vertical (and even inverted) areas of the habitat that most other animals cannot. However, what is known about how geckos cling stems primarily from laboratory studies of static adhesion, with an emphasis on the integumentary component of the adhesive apparatus. In reality, the system is hierarchical, with complex musculotendinous, vascular and sensory systems that are crucial for achieving attachment, modulation of attachment strength and ultimately, detachment. Experiments examining these additional components are virtually non-existent. Additionally, there is a paucity of information about the surfaces on which geckos move, how geckos move in their natural habitat and how the adhesive system is controlled during running over complex surfaces. It is unclear whether having an adhesive system reduces the energetic costs of running compared with lizards that lack the system. We propose a complimentary set of laboratory and field studies to fill major gaps in our understanding of gecko adhesion and locomotion. Key outstanding questions are: (1) How does surface structure influence locomotion? (2) How might geckos modulate adhesion through physiological mechanisms? (3) How do geckos locomote in complex natural habitats that vary in structural properties? (4) What are the underlying energetic costs of moving dynamically in nature with an adhesive system? We address these questions and generate a roadmap for future work, including the framing of testable hypotheses. The results of such studies will help us to understand the evolution of fast locomotion in small ectothermic vertebrates and the energetic costs of moving in complex habitats. In addition, they may inform the development of small adhesive robots.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 Suppl_1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating physiology into movement ecology of large terrestrial mammals.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.248112

Robyn S Hetem, Kiara A Haylock, Melinda Boyers, Francesca Parrini, Norman Owen-Smith, Piet Beytell, W Maartin Strauss

{"title":"Integrating physiology into movement ecology of large terrestrial mammals.","authors":"Robyn S Hetem, Kiara A Haylock, Melinda Boyers, Francesca Parrini, Norman Owen-Smith, Piet Beytell, W Maartin Strauss","doi":"10.1242/jeb.248112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.248112","url":null,"abstract":"Movement paths are influenced by external factors and depend on an individual's navigation capacity (Where to move?), motion capacity (How to move?) and are ultimately driven by internal physiological state (Why move?). Despite physiology underlying most aspects of this movement ecology framework, the physiology-movement nexus remains understudied in large terrestrial mammals. Within this Commentary, we highlight the physiological processes that underpin the movement ecology framework and how integrating physiological measurements can provide mechanistic insights that may enhance our understanding of the drivers of animal movement. We focus on large terrestrial mammals, which are well represented within the movement ecology literature but are under-represented in movement studies that integrate physiological state. Recent advances in biologging technology allow for physiological variables, such as heart rate and body movements, to be recorded remotely and continuously in free-living animals. Biologging of body temperature may provide additional insights into the physiological states driving movement. Body temperature not only provides a measure of thermal stress, but also an index of animal wellbeing through quantification of nutrition, hydration, reproductive and disease states that may drive animal movements. Integrating measures of body temperature with fine-scale GPS locations may provide insights into causality and improve our mechanistic understanding of animal movement, which is crucial for understanding population performance and monitoring reintroduction success. We recommend that baseline studies are undertaken, linking animal movement to the underlying physiological mechanisms, to allow for the development of realistic predictive models to improve conservation efforts in the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 Suppl_1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0