Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

Gain of thermal tolerance through acclimation is quicker than the loss by de-acclimation in the freeze-tolerant potworm, Enchytraeus albidus.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249675

Morgane Touzot, Martin Holmstrup, Jesper Givskov Sørensen, Stine Slotsbo

{"title":"Gain of thermal tolerance through acclimation is quicker than the loss by de-acclimation in the freeze-tolerant potworm, Enchytraeus albidus.","authors":"Morgane Touzot, Martin Holmstrup, Jesper Givskov Sørensen, Stine Slotsbo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249675","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental temperature variation, naturally occurring or induced by climate change, leads organisms to evolve behavioural and physiological responses to handle thermal fluctuations. Among them, phenotypic plasticity is considered a fundamental response to natural thermal variations. Nevertheless, we know little about the rate of thermal acclimation responses and the physiological mechanisms underpinning phenotypic plasticity in freeze-tolerant invertebrates. We assessed the temporal dynamics of heat and cold tolerance plasticity in the freeze-tolerant potworm Enchytraeus albidus following thermal acclimation. Acclimation responses were investigated in worms cultured at 5 or 20 °C and acclimated for varying duration (hours to weeks) at the same temperature or relocated to the opposite temperature. The rate of phenotypic responses of thermal tolerance was evaluated by assessing survival after exposure to high and low stressful temperatures. Worms cultured at 5 °C were more cold tolerant and less heat tolerant than worms cultured at 20 °C. The plasticity of thermal tolerance in E. albidus varied in scope and response time according to both culture and acclimation temperatures: acclimation at 20 °C of worms cultured at 5 °C increased heat survival within a day and reduced cold tolerance in 5 days, while acclimation at 5 °C of worms cultured at 20 °C did not affect heat survival but considerably and quickly, within a day, increased cold tolerance. Effects of acclimation were also assessed on worm's membrane phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition and glycogen content and showed that improved tolerance was linked to changes in worm's membrane PLFA desaturation and chain length.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive state-dependent cell turnover in the inner ear of the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus).

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250239

Coty W Jasper, Olivia Molano, Forrest Fearington, Joseph A Sisneros, Allison B Coffin

{"title":"Reproductive state-dependent cell turnover in the inner ear of the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus).","authors":"Coty W Jasper, Olivia Molano, Forrest Fearington, Joseph A Sisneros, Allison B Coffin","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250239","url":null,"abstract":"Plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) exhibit seasonal auditory plasticity that likely enhances their reproductive success. During the summer, type I (TI) male midshipman acoustically court females and both TI males and females exhibit increased auditory sensitivity during this period. The enhanced auditory sensitivity is associated with increased density of sensory hair cells in the saccule but not the utricle, suggesting that different mechanisms underlie physiological plasticity in distinct inner ear regions. To better understand how shifts in hair cell number occur within auditory tissues, we examined cell turnover across breeding states and sexes in midshipman fish. We found that reproductive TI males exhibited less saccular cell proliferation than non-reproductive males without a change in cell death, indicating a net loss of saccular cells during the breeding season. By contrast, saccular cell proliferation increased in summer females, with no seasonal changes in other inner ear epithelia. Collectively, our data reveal that multiple mechanisms likely contribute to seasonal auditory plasticity within a single species, potentially within the ear of an individual animal.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring thermal tolerance across time and space in a tropical bivalve, Pinctada margaritifera.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249651

K Lugue, C J Monaco, E Vigouroux, M Sham Koua, J Vidal-Dupiol, G Mitta, J Le Luyer

引用次数: 0

Magnetic orientation of marsh warblers (Acrocephalus palustris) and spotted flycatchers (Muscicapa striata) after simulated crossing of the magnetic equator.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.248169

Gleb Utvenko, Polina Gorvat, Anastasia Grebenkova, Alexander Pakhomov, Nikita Chernetsov

{"title":"Magnetic orientation of marsh warblers (Acrocephalus palustris) and spotted flycatchers (Muscicapa striata) after simulated crossing of the magnetic equator.","authors":"Gleb Utvenko, Polina Gorvat, Anastasia Grebenkova, Alexander Pakhomov, Nikita Chernetsov","doi":"10.1242/jeb.248169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.248169","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, billions of birds migrate to optimize their foraging, shelter and breeding. They use an inclination compass, which, unlike the technical compass, distinguishes between the directions towards the magnetic equator from the magnetic pole based on magnetic inclination angles, which range from ±90 deg at the poles to 0 deg at the equator. During autumn migration, some species cross the magnetic equator, where field lines are horizontal, i.e. the inclination angle is 0 deg. At this point, the avian magnetic compass becomes ambiguous, because the birds can no longer distinguish 'to the pole' from 'to the equator'. Experiments with bobolinks and garden warblers have shown that these birds adaptively change their orientation when exposed to a horizontal magnetic field. We tested this in marsh warblers and spotted flycatchers, but they showed no such response, suggesting they may use other cues. This indicates that different species may rely on varying stimuli, and the current experimental models may not be universally applicable.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatty acid profiles and tolerance to temperature extremes in Daphnia pulex. 水蚤的脂肪酸分布和对极端温度的耐受性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249589

Ivan Pecl, Pierre U Blier, France Dufresne

{"title":"Fatty acid profiles and tolerance to temperature extremes in Daphnia pulex.","authors":"Ivan Pecl, Pierre U Blier, France Dufresne","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249589","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249589","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of physiological processes setting thermal tolerance limits is essential to describing adaptive response to temperature changes. We used the North American Daphnia pulex complex, which makes a remarkable model for comparative physiology as it is composed of clones differing in heat tolerance and ploidies, and with a wide geographic distribution. The fatty acid composition of 18 diploid and triploid D. pulex clones acclimated to 16°C and 24°C was measured and compared with their tolerance to extreme high and low temperatures (CTmax and CTmin, respectively). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) relative content showed a strong negative relationship with CTmax and a clear association with CTmin. Higher unsaturation and peroxidation indices were associated with better cold tolerance, whereas saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were associated with lower cold tolerance. Triploid D. pulex clones accumulated more EPA and had lower CTmin than diploid clones (better cold tolerance). Triploid clones retained more omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids at high temperature. CTmax was positively correlated with CTmin, suggesting the existence of important constraints in temperature tolerance caused by fatty acid composition.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building bridges: allyship as a catalyst for gender diversity and inclusion in experimental biology communities.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249550

M Janneke Schwaner, Ksenia Keplinger

{"title":"Building bridges: allyship as a catalyst for gender diversity and inclusion in experimental biology communities.","authors":"M Janneke Schwaner, Ksenia Keplinger","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249550","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity drives innovation and creativity, directly contributing to scientific excellence. However, achieving equity in academia, including in experimental biology fields such as biomechanics and comparative physiology, remains a significant challenge, with women and other historically marginalized groups underrepresented, especially in more senior roles. When considering gender, the disparity is often linked to difficulties in balancing family responsibilities with demanding careers, along with lower 'academic visibility', as evidenced by fewer professional awards for women scientists. Many successful women who balance career and family keep their family lives private, making these aspects invisible to early career scholars, and thus depriving them of role models. To help close the gender gap, in this Perspective, we propose 10 actionable strategies for scholars at all career stages to promote gender diversity and inclusion through active allyship. Although we focus on gender diversity, these strategies can be broadly applied to harness the benefits of other diversity dimensions (e.g. age or ethnicity). We argue that embracing allyship benefits individual scientists, their research groups, the quality of their research, the broader research community and society at large by enhancing collective scientific output and inspiring the next generation of scientists.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of seasonal flexibility in pectoralis muscle fiber type and enzyme activity in migratory and resident sparrow species.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249392

Louisa M Lewicki, Marina Zhang, James F Staples, Christopher G Guglielmo, Catherine M Ivy

{"title":"A comparison of seasonal flexibility in pectoralis muscle fiber type and enzyme activity in migratory and resident sparrow species.","authors":"Louisa M Lewicki, Marina Zhang, James F Staples, Christopher G Guglielmo, Catherine M Ivy","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249392","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249392","url":null,"abstract":"The pectoralis muscle in birds is important for flight and thermogenesis. In migratory songbirds this muscle exhibits seasonal flexibility in size, but whether this flexibility reflects changes in muscle fiber type has not been well documented. We investigated how seasonal changes in photoperiod affected pectoralis muscle fiber type and metabolic enzymes, comparing among three closely related sparrow species: two seasonal migrants and one year-round, temperate climate resident. We quantified fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and fast glycolytic (FG) fibers histologically, and measured activities of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the pectoralis muscle of the three species that were acclimated to long or short periods of daylight. In all species, FOG was the predominant fiber type, but song sparrows had FG fibers regardless of daylight conditions. By contrast, Lincoln's sparrows incorporated FG fibers only under short-daylight conditions, and house sparrows did not significantly express FG fibers, regardless of daylight length. Both migratory species increased LDH activity in short-daylight conditions but did not alter CS activity. In contrast, resident house sparrows did not alter CS or LDH activity with changes in daylight length. Our findings suggest that the presence of FG fibers is important for seasonal flexibility in LDH activity. Additionally, migratory species exhibited seasonal flexibility in muscle fiber type and enzyme activity, presumably to support migratory flight, while the resident species did not exhibit such seasonal flexibility, suggesting that this consistent phenotype is important year-round, despite changing thermogenic requirements.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A high lipid diet leads to greater pathology and lower tolerance during infection.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249541

Weston G Perrine, Erin L Sauer, Ashley C Love, Ashley Morris, Johnathan Novotny, Sarah E DuRant

{"title":"A high lipid diet leads to greater pathology and lower tolerance during infection.","authors":"Weston G Perrine, Erin L Sauer, Ashley C Love, Ashley Morris, Johnathan Novotny, Sarah E DuRant","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249541","url":null,"abstract":"Altered food landscapes contribute importantly to wildlife disease dynamics and may play an important role in host heterogeneity in disease outcomes through changes in host diet composition. We explored the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on disease pathology and feeding behavior of canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In the first experiment, we provided canaries with isocaloric diets comprised of identical ingredients that varied in macronutrient content (high-protein or high-lipid) then MG- or sham-inoculated birds. In the second experiment, we offered both diets to canaries before and after MG- and sham-inoculation. In experiment one, high protein diet birds consumed more food than high lipid diet birds and experienced a more pronounced decrease in food intake after infection. High protein diet birds were more tolerant to MG infection, exhibiting reduced pathology when compared to high lipid diet birds, despite the two treatments having similar levels of MG-specific antibodies and MG loads. When birds had access to both diets, they consumed more of the high protein diet and experienced pathology for less time than lipid or protein restricted birds. These results highlight that macronutrient makeup of the diet can shape vertebrate host tolerance and pathology, which has direct implications for host-pathogen transmission dynamics.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of habitat complexity on otolith morphology and sensory capacities in Nile tilapia: A controlled experimental approach.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249693

Arthur Van Damme, Huet Emmanuelle, Frédérich Bruno, Parmentier Eric

{"title":"The influence of habitat complexity on otolith morphology and sensory capacities in Nile tilapia: A controlled experimental approach.","authors":"Arthur Van Damme, Huet Emmanuelle, Frédérich Bruno, Parmentier Eric","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249693","url":null,"abstract":"The inner ear of teleost fishes is known to serve both auditory and vestibular functions. Many studies have compared otoliths from different species and attempted to understand the observed differences within the light of environmental factors. However, experimental data on how otoliths could adapt are scarce. This study explores the relationship between environmental structural complexity and otolith morphology, and its effects on auditory and vestibular functions in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using a controlled design, fishes of the same brood were distributed between a control tank and a tank equipped with suspended chains, only increasing the structural complexity. After a period of five months, we monitored auditory sensitivity and compared otolith morphology of both groups. Auditory capacities were measured using Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) technique whereas otolith morphology was assessed through classical and geometric morphometrics. Tilapias raised in complex environments developed sagittae with increased length, thickness, area and volume. However, auditory sensitivity was consistent across both groups, suggesting that the morphological changes solely affected vestibular function. These findings support otolith morphology can adapt to fish surrounding environment, here to improve balance and manoeuvrability in complex settings. This reaffirms otolith sagittae not only support hearing but fulfil multiple roles to cope with environmental challenges. This also constitutes an indirect first demonstration of the sagitta's involvement in the vestibular function. Together with significant morphological changes, the similar auditory capabilities across groups underscore the complexity of defining functional roles within the inner ear and reaffirm the mixed function hypothesis, challenging the association between the observed variation and inner ear specific functions.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic reciprocal morphological changes in insect hosts and bacterial symbionts.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249474

Anthony D Junker, Jason Z Chen, James G DuBose, Nicole M Gerardo

{"title":"Dynamic reciprocal morphological changes in insect hosts and bacterial symbionts.","authors":"Anthony D Junker, Jason Z Chen, James G DuBose, Nicole M Gerardo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249474","url":null,"abstract":"Symbiotic interactions, central to most life on Earth, are interwoven associations that vary in intimacy and duration. Some of the most well-known examples of symbioses occur between animals and gut bacteria. These associations lead to physiological integration of host and symbionts. The diversity of microbes within animal hosts can make studying them technically challenging. Thus, most science heavily focuses on the animal side of symbioses, limiting study of the microbial symbionts to characterization of their genetic and functional diversity. These limitations are minimized in Heteropteran insects that have specialized midguts that separately house single symbiont species away from ingested food. These insect-bacteria associations allow us to address fundamental questions as to how both hosts and symbionts change to establish a cooperative relationship. In this study, through ex vivo and in vivo observations of cellular behaviors, we explore concurrent structural and cellular dynamics in both the squash bug host (Anasa tristis) and its Caballeronia zhejiangensis symbionts during the initiation of symbiosis. We elucidate how C. zhejiangensis is sequestered within a specialized symbiotic organ within the A. tristis midgut, how the symbiont uses active motility to reach the symbiotic organ, how symbionts colonize host crypts within the organ and how host crypt morphogenesis progresses during the initiation of symbiotic interactions. Our findings provide insight into how dynamic cellular activity and morphological development reciprocally change in both host and symbiont as they establish symbiotic interactions.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0