Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

Accounting for the role of the gastro-intestinal tract in the ammonia and urea nitrogen dynamics of freshwater rainbow trout on long-term satiation feeding. 说明长期饱食条件下，胃肠道在淡水虹鳟鱼氨氮和尿素氮动态中的作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249654

Chris M Wood, Junho Eom

{"title":"Accounting for the role of the gastro-intestinal tract in the ammonia and urea nitrogen dynamics of freshwater rainbow trout on long-term satiation feeding.","authors":"Chris M Wood, Junho Eom","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249654","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249654","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of the gut to the ingestion, production, absorption and excretion of the extra ammonia and urea nitrogen (urea-N) associated with feeding ('exogenous' fraction) has received limited attention. Analysis of commercial pellet food revealed appreciable concentrations of ammonia and urea-N. Long-term satiation feeding increased whole-trout ammonia and urea-N excretion rates by 2.5-fold above fasting levels. Blood was sampled from the dorsal aorta, posterior, mid- and anterior sub-intestinal veins, as well as the hepatic portal vein in situ. Ammonia, urea-N and fluid flux rates were measured in vitro using novel gut sac preparations filled with native chyme. The sacs maintained the extreme physico-chemical conditions of the lumen seen in vivo. Overall, these results confirmed our hypothesis that the stomach, and anterior intestine and pyloric caecae regions play important roles in ammonia and urea-N production and/or absorption. There was a very high rate of urea-N production in the anterior intestine and pyloric caecae, whereas the posterior intestine dominated for ammonia synthesis. The stomach was the major site of ammonia absorption, and the anterior intestine and pyloric caecae region dominated for urea-N absorption. Model calculations indicated that over 50% of the exogenous ammonia and urea-N excretion associated with satiation feeding was produced in the anaerobic gut. This challenges standard metabolic theory used in fuel-use calculations. The novel gut sac preparations gained fluid during incubation, especially in the anterior intestine and pyloric caecae, owing to marked hyperosmolality in the chyme. Thus, satiation feeding with commercial pellets is beneficial to the water balance of freshwater trout.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic reciprocal morphological changes in insect hosts and bacterial symbionts.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249474

Anthony D Junker, Jason Z Chen, James G DuBose, Nicole M Gerardo

{"title":"Dynamic reciprocal morphological changes in insect hosts and bacterial symbionts.","authors":"Anthony D Junker, Jason Z Chen, James G DuBose, Nicole M Gerardo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249474","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249474","url":null,"abstract":"Symbiotic interactions, central to most life on Earth, are interwoven associations that vary in intimacy and duration. Some of the most well-known examples of symbioses occur between animals and gut bacteria. These associations lead to physiological integration of host and symbionts. The diversity of microbes within animal hosts can make studying them technically challenging. Thus, most science heavily focuses on the animal side of symbioses, limiting study of the microbial symbionts to characterization of their genetic and functional diversity. These limitations are minimized in Heteropteran insects that have specialized midguts that separately house single symbiont species away from ingested food. These insect-bacteria associations allow us to address fundamental questions regarding how both hosts and symbionts change to establish a cooperative relationship. In this study, through ex vivo and in vivo observations of cellular behaviors, we explore concurrent structural and cellular dynamics in both the squash bug host (Anasa tristis) and its Caballeronia zhejiangensis symbionts during the initiation of symbiosis. We elucidate how C. zhejiangensis is sequestered within a specialized symbiotic organ within the A. tristis midgut, how the symbiont uses active motility to reach the symbiotic organ, how symbionts colonize host crypts within the organ and how host crypt morphogenesis progresses during the initiation of symbiotic interactions. Our findings provide insight into how dynamic cellular activity and morphological development reciprocally change in both host and symbiont as they establish symbiotic interactions.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249641

Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss

{"title":"Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish.","authors":"Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249641","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249641","url":null,"abstract":"Acidification is a key component of digestion throughout metazoans. The gut digestive fluid of many invertebrates is acidified by the vesicular-type H+-ATPase (VHA). In contrast, vertebrates generate acidic gut fluids using the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (HKA), an evolutionary innovation linked with the appearance of a true stomach that greatly improves digestion, absorption and immune function. Hagfishes are the most basal extant vertebrates, and their mechanism of digestive acidification remains unclear. Herein, we report that the stomachless Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) acidify their gut using the VHA, and searches of E. stoutii gut transcriptomes and the genome of a closely related hagfish species (E. burgerii) indicate they lack HKA, consistent with its emergence following the 2R whole-genome duplication. Immunostaining revealed prominent VHA presence in the apical membrane of enterocytes and sub-apical expression of both VHA and soluble adenylyl cyclase. Interestingly, akin to vertebrates, VHA was also observed in immature pancreatic-like zymogen granules and was noticeably absent from the mature granules. Furthermore, isolated gut sacs from fed hagfish demonstrate increased VHA-dependent luminal H+ secretion that is stimulated by the cAMP pathway. Overall, these results suggest that the hagfish gut shares the trait of VHA-dependent acidification with invertebrates, while simultaneously performing some roles of the pancreas and intestine of gnathostomes.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection inhibits mitochondrial respiratory function in a wild songbird. 五倍子支原体（MG）感染会抑制野生鸣禽的线粒体呼吸功能。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249705

Chidambaram Ramanathan, Elina Thomas, Amberleigh E Henschen, James S Adelman, Yufeng Zhang

{"title":"Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection inhibits mitochondrial respiratory function in a wild songbird.","authors":"Chidambaram Ramanathan, Elina Thomas, Amberleigh E Henschen, James S Adelman, Yufeng Zhang","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249705","url":null,"abstract":"An animal's immune function is vital for survival and potentially metabolically expensive, but some pathogens could manipulate their hosts' immune and metabolic responses. One example is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), which infects both the respiratory system and conjunctiva of the eye in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus). MG has been shown to exhibit immune- and metabolic-suppressive properties, but the physiological mechanisms are still unknown. Recent studies demonstrated that mitochondria could serve as powerhouses for both ATP production and immunity, notably inflammatory processes, through regulating complex II and its metabolites. Consequently, in this study, we investigate the short-term (3d post-inoculation) and long-term (34d post-inoculation) effects of MG infection on the hepatic mitochondrial respiration of house finches from two populations infected with two different MG isolates. After short-term infection, MG-infected birds had significantly lower state 2 and state 4 respiration, but only when using complex II substrates. After long-term infection, MG-infected birds exhibited lower state 3 respiration with both complex I and II substrates, resulting in lower respiratory control ratio compared to uninfected controls, which aligned with the hypothesized metabolic-suppressive properties of MG. Interestingly, there were limited differences in mitochondrial respiration regardless of house finch population of origin, MG isolate, and whether birds recovered from infection or not. We propose that MG may target mitochondrial complex II for its immune-suppressive properties during the early stages of infection and inhibit mitochondrial respiration for its metabolic-suppressive properties at later stage of infection, both of which should delay recovery of the host and extend infectious periods.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between joint shape and function as revealed through ex vivo XROMM. 通过体外 XROMM 揭示关节形状与功能之间的关系。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249261

Robert J Brocklehurst, L Fahn-Lai, Andrew Biewener, Stephanie E Pierce

{"title":"Relationship between joint shape and function as revealed through ex vivo XROMM.","authors":"Robert J Brocklehurst, L Fahn-Lai, Andrew Biewener, Stephanie E Pierce","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249261","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal joint morphology and mobility underlie movement, behavior, and ecology in vertebrates. Joints can be categorized by their shape and articulation type, but such schemes might be unreliable for inferring function across the full diversity of vertebrates. We test hypothesized relationships between joint form and function by collecting marker-based ex vivo, cadaveric XROMM data on the shoulder and elbow joints of the tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) and Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), which between them contain articulations historically classified as ball-and-socket, hemi-sellar, hinge and condylar joints. We measured 3D rotational and translational mobility at each joint and compared our experimental results against predictions based on articular morphology. Contrary to our predictions, the opossum ball-and-socket shoulder joint was less mobile- it had a smaller 3D range of motion envelope- than the tegu hemi-sellar shoulder joint and even the tegu condylar elbow joint, challenging the notion that ball-and-socket shoulder provides an inherent mobility advantage. However, the ball-and-socket opossum shoulder also had a less complex mobility envelope, with fewer interactions between degrees of freedom, allowing it to transition between poses more easily. Matching osteological predictions, the hinge elbow of the opossum was the least mobile. All joints exhibited coupling between rotational and translational degrees of freedom, and we further emphasize the need to incorporate translational motion and soft tissue constraints for accurately modelling joint mobility. Our findings underscore the complexity of form-function relationships in vertebrate skeletal joints, and demonstrate that joint morphology alone, in the absence of soft tissues, does not provide a complete picture of joint mobility.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of videos to measure dynamic body acceleration as a proxy for metabolic costs of coral-reef damselfish (Chromis viridis). 利用视频测量珊瑚礁大鸨（Chromis viridis）的动态身体加速度，作为新陈代谢成本的替代指标。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249717

Kota Ishikawa, Heng Wu, Satoshi Mitarai, Amatzia Genin

引用次数: 0

Neural responses to light stimulation in the octopus arm.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250111

Weipang Chang, Melina E Hale

{"title":"Neural responses to light stimulation in the octopus arm.","authors":"Weipang Chang, Melina E Hale","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250111","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.250111","url":null,"abstract":"Octopuses are known to be visual animals. Beyond functions of the eyes, recent investigations have documented the importance of extraocular photoreception in behavior. Octopus arms have been shown to respond behaviorally to local light exposure with negative phototaxis. Moreover, light-activated chromatophore expansion (LACE) in octopus arms indicates that skin-based photoreception may contribute to light detection. In this study, we used electrophysiological recordings to investigate the neural activity of the arm's axial nerve cord in response to light on the arm. We tested the hypothesis that light stimulates the activity of neurons in the arm's axial nerve cord. We also aimed to determine sensitivity to different wavelengths of light. The results showed that the axial nerve cord is strongly responsive to light stimulation of the arm and that the response travels along the length of the axial nerve cord. Blue light generated the strongest neural activity while red and green light also induced responses. Light-induced neural activity was mediated through the aboral arm skin and by the oral-side skin and suckers. These findings reveal the role of the skin in the sensory abilities of octopuses and provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying their response to light. Our study underscores the importance of extraocular photoreception in future investigations of cephalopod sensory and behavioral biology.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex-specific performance, trade-offs and trait repeatability across the lifetime of the world's largest semelparous mammal (Dasyurus hallucatus). 世界上最大的半产卵哺乳动物（Dasyurus hallucatus）一生中的性别特异性表现、权衡和性状可重复性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249969

Gabriella R Sparkes, Jaime Heiniger, Nicholas M A Smith, Vincent Careau, Ami F Amir Abdul Nasir, Skye F Cameron, Robbie S Wilson

{"title":"Sex-specific performance, trade-offs and trait repeatability across the lifetime of the world's largest semelparous mammal (Dasyurus hallucatus).","authors":"Gabriella R Sparkes, Jaime Heiniger, Nicholas M A Smith, Vincent Careau, Ami F Amir Abdul Nasir, Skye F Cameron, Robbie S Wilson","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249969","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249969","url":null,"abstract":"The activities that define survival and reproductive success in animals depend on their physical performance. However, performance is a complex trait, and organisms must balance competing demands of multiple underlying factors every time they undertake an activity. For example, the morphology that increases bite force (i.e. increased head size) - improving fighting ability - should constrain sprinting performance by adding mass to the body. Consequently, trade-offs between fighting and escape performance might be sex specific where sexual dimorphism is present, or pronounced in animals with extreme breeding strategies. Northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) are a sexually dimorphic marsupial, with sex-specific life history strategies; males die after a single synchronous breeding season, while females can live and breed for 2-3 years. We investigated the effects of sex and life history on whole-animal performance and assessed whether sprint speed and bite force trade off among or within individual male and female quolls. We used a repeated measures dataset spanning 3 years. We identified significant sex differences in morphology and performance, notably after breeding, where male sprint speed decreases but female bite force increases. Both body size and body condition were strong predictors of performance. However, we found no trade-off between sprint speed and bite force, suggesting that ecologically relevant tasks for survival and reproduction - fighting capacity and escape ability - may evolve independently in both male and female northern quolls. Finally, we assessed the repeatability of morphological and performance traits and demonstrated the importance of study design when quantifying variance in animal performance, especially for animals with complex life histories.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using physiologically based models to predict in vivo skeletal muscle energetics.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249966

Ryan N Konno, Glen A Lichtwark, Taylor J M Dick

{"title":"Using physiologically based models to predict in vivo skeletal muscle energetics.","authors":"Ryan N Konno, Glen A Lichtwark, Taylor J M Dick","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249966","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249966","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how muscles use energy is essential for elucidating the role of skeletal muscle in animal locomotion. Yet, experimental measures of in vivo muscle energetics are challenging to obtain, so physiologically based muscle models are often used to estimate energy use. These predictions of individual muscle energy expenditure are not often compared with indirect whole-body measures of energetic cost. Here, we examined and illustrated the capability of physiologically based muscle models to predict in vivo measures of energy use, which rely on fundamental relationships between muscle mechanical state and energy consumption. To improve model predictions and ensure a physiological basis for model parameters, we refined our model to include data from isolated muscle experiments and account for inefficiencies in ATP recovery processes. Simulations were performed to capture three different experimental protocols, which involved varying contraction frequency, duty cycle and muscle fascicle length. Our results demonstrated the ability of the model to capture the dependence of energetic cost on mechanical state across contractile conditions, but tended to underpredict the magnitude of energetic cost. Our analysis revealed that the model was most sensitive to the force-velocity parameters and the data informing the energetic parameters when predicting in vivo energetic rates. This work highlights that it is the mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction that govern muscle energy use, although the precise physiological parameters for human muscle likely require detailed investigation.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of genome size and climate on basal metabolic rate variation in rodents.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249864

Ana Paula Cutrera, Facundo Luna

{"title":"The effects of genome size and climate on basal metabolic rate variation in rodents.","authors":"Ana Paula Cutrera, Facundo Luna","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249864","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249864","url":null,"abstract":"Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the most commonly measured energetic variable in endothermic animals. Identifying the underlying factors driving interspecific variation in BMR remains a major question in the field of energetics. While body size (M) and taxonomic affiliation are the intrinsic factors that account for most of the interspecific variation in BMR, haploid genome size (C-value) is hypothesized to directly influence cell size and, indirectly, the specific metabolic rate. Climatic variables, mostly ambient temperature, have also been proposed as predictors of mass-independent BMR for endotherms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the relative importance of intrinsic (C-value: CV) and extrinsic (climatic variables) factors as predictors of BMR in 67 rodent species in a phylogenetic context. The best ordinary least square (OLS) and phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) models explaining interspecific variation in BMR included the variables logM, logCV, maximum temperature of the warmest month (Tmax), minimum temperature of the coldest month (Tmin) and net primary productivity (NPP). logM was the main determinant of logBMR variation in the rodents analyzed. Part of the remaining variation was attributed to a negative effect of genome size, explaining 14% of the BMR variance when Tmin was included in the model. As expected, one or two climatic variables were involved in explaining the remaining BMR variation (Tmin, Tmax and NPP). Our study highlights the importance of a denser sampling within vertebrate clades and the use of a phylogenetic context to elucidate the factors that contribute to explain BMR variation.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0