Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

How do fish miss? Attack strategies of threespine stickleback capturing non-evasive prey. 鱼类如何失手？三刺鱼捕捉非入侵性猎物的攻击策略

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247814

Seth Shirazi, Timothy E Higham

引用次数: 0

Hypertonic water reabsorption with a parallel-current system via the glandular and saccular renal tubules of Ruditapes philippinarum. 通过腓肠肌腺肾小管和囊肾小管的平行电流系统重吸收高渗水。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249533

Eriko Seo, Yoshiteru Seo

{"title":"Hypertonic water reabsorption with a parallel-current system via the glandular and saccular renal tubules of Ruditapes philippinarum.","authors":"Eriko Seo, Yoshiteru Seo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249533","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249533","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the renal function of the brackish water clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The R. philippinarum kidney consists of two renal tubules, a glandular (GT) and a saccular (ST) tubule. After exposure to seawater containing manganese ion (Mn2+) at 20°C, the intensity of the T1-weighted MRI and longitudinal relaxation rates (1/T1=R1) of the kidney were increased. In the ST, haemolymph containing Mn2+ entered directly from the auricle, and the Mn2+ concentration ([Mn2+]) increased in the initial part of the ST. Thereafter, [Mn2+] was almost constant until the posterior end of the kidney. The GT received haemolymph from the pedal sinus via the visceral sinus. The GT runs parallel inside the ST, and [Mn2+] increased progressively until it merged with the ST. In a range of seawater with [Mn2+] from 1 to 30 µmol l-1, the [Mn2+] increased 12-fold in the posterior part of the ST, compared with the ambient [Mn2+]. Based on these results, the epithelium of the initial part of the ST reabsorbs water from luminal fluid, building up a higher osmotic pressure. Using this osmotic gradient, hypertonic water is reabsorbed via the epithelium of the GT to the ST, and then transferred to the haemolymph via the epithelium of the ST. Excess water is excreted as urine. This model was supported by the increases in [Mn2+] in the ST when the clams were exposed to seawater containing Mn2+ at salinity from 26.0 to 36.0‰, showing that the parallel-current system works in hypotonic seawater.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating in vivo force and work production of rat medial gastrocnemius at varying locomotor speeds using a muscle avatar. 使用 "肌肉化身 "研究大鼠内侧腓肠肌在不同运动速度下的活体力量和做功情况。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.248177

Caitlin Bemis, Nicolai Konow, Monica A Daley, Kiisa Nishikawa

{"title":"Investigating in vivo force and work production of rat medial gastrocnemius at varying locomotor speeds using a muscle avatar.","authors":"Caitlin Bemis, Nicolai Konow, Monica A Daley, Kiisa Nishikawa","doi":"10.1242/jeb.248177","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.248177","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional work loop studies, that use sinusoidal length trajectories with constant frequencies, lack the complexities of in vivo muscle mechanics observed in modern studies. This study refines methodology of the 'avatar' method (a modified work loop) to infer in vivo muscle mechanics using ex vivo experiments with mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. The 'avatar' method involves using EDL muscles to replicate in vivo time-varying force, as demonstrated by previous studies focusing on guinea fowl lateral gastrocnemius (LG). The present study extends this method by using in vivo length trajectories and electromyographic activity from rat medial gastrocnemius (MG) during various gaits on a treadmill. Methodological enhancements from previous work, including adjusted stimulation protocols and systematic variation of starting length, improved predictions of in vivo time-varying force production (R2=0.80-0.96). The study confirms there is a significant influence of length, stimulation and their interaction on work loop variables (peak force, length at peak force, highest and average shortening velocity, and maximum and minimum active velocity), highlighting the importance of these interactions when muscles produce in vivo forces. We also investigated the limitations of traditional work loops in capturing muscle dynamics in legged locomotion (R2=0.01-0.71). While in vivo length trajectories enhanced force prediction, accurately predicting work per cycle remained challenging. Overall, the study emphasizes the utility of the 'avatar' method in elucidating dynamic muscle mechanics and highlights areas for further investigation to refine its application in understanding in vivo muscle function.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hyperoxia does not improve the acute upper thermal tolerance of a tropical marine fish (Lutjanus apodus). 高氧不能提高热带海水鱼（Lutjanus apodus）的急性上热耐受性

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247703

Rebeccah M Sandrelli, Emma S Porter, Anthony K Gamperl

引用次数: 0

Rhythms in insect olfactory systems: underlying mechanisms and outstanding questions. 昆虫嗅觉系统的节律：潜在机制和悬而未决的问题。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244182

Lan Lou, Zhijian Jake Tu, Chloé Lahondère, Clément Vinauger

{"title":"Rhythms in insect olfactory systems: underlying mechanisms and outstanding questions.","authors":"Lan Lou, Zhijian Jake Tu, Chloé Lahondère, Clément Vinauger","doi":"10.1242/jeb.244182","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.244182","url":null,"abstract":"Olfaction is a critical sensory modality for invertebrates, and it mediates a wide range of behaviors and physiological processes. Like most living organisms, insects live in rhythmic environments: the succession of nights and days is accompanied by cyclic variations in light intensity and temperature, as well as in the availability of resources and the activity of predators. Responding to olfactory cues in the proper temporal context is thus highly adaptive and allows for the efficient allocation of energy resources. Given the agricultural or epidemiological importance of some insect species, understanding olfactory rhythms is critical for the development of effective control strategies. Although the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a classical model for the study of olfaction and circadian rhythms, recent studies focusing on non-model species have expanded our understanding of insect olfactory rhythms. Additionally, recent evidence revealing receptor co-expression by sensory neurons has brought about an ongoing paradigm shift in our understanding of insect olfaction, making it timely to review the state of our knowledge on olfactory rhythms and identify critical future directions for the field. In this Review, we discuss the multiple biological scales at which insect olfactory rhythms are being analyzed, and identify outstanding questions.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the rate-limiting dynamics of force development in muscle. 肌肉力量发展的限速动力学

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247436

Tim J van der Zee, Jeremy D Wong, Arthur D Kuo

{"title":"On the rate-limiting dynamics of force development in muscle.","authors":"Tim J van der Zee, Jeremy D Wong, Arthur D Kuo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.247436","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.247436","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscles produce forces relatively slowly compared with the action potentials that excite them. The dynamics of force production are governed by multiple processes, such as calcium activation, cycling of cross-bridges between myofilaments, and contraction against elastic tissues and the body. These processes have been included piecemeal in some muscle models, but not integrated to reveal which are the most rate limiting. We therefore examined their integrative contributions to force development in two conventional types of muscle models: Hill-type and cross-bridge. We found that no combination of these processes can self-consistently reproduce classic data such as twitch and tetanus. Rather, additional dynamics are needed following calcium activation and facilitating cross-bridge cycling, such as for cooperative myofilament interaction and reconfiguration. We provisionally lump such processes into a simple first-order model of 'force facilitation dynamics' that integrate into a cross-bridge-type muscle model. The proposed model self-consistently reproduces force development for a range of excitations including twitch and tetanus and electromyography-to-force curves. The model's step response reveals relatively small timing contributions of calcium activation (3%), cross-bridge cycling (3%) and contraction (27%) to overall force development of human quadriceps, with the remainder (67%) explained by force facilitation. The same set of model parameters predicts the change in force magnitude (gain) and timing (phase delay) as a function of excitatory firing rate, or as a function of cyclic contraction frequency. Although experiments are necessary to reveal the dynamics of muscle, integrative models are useful for identifying the main rate-limiting processes.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of mouse tails in response to external and self-generated balance perturbations on the roll plane. 小鼠尾部对滚动面上外部和自身产生的平衡扰动所起的作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247552

Salvatore A Lacava, Necmettin Isilak, Marylka Y Uusisaari

引用次数: 0

Independence and synergy of spatial attention in the two visual systems of jumping spiders. 跳跃蜘蛛两个视觉系统空间注意力的独立性和协同性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246199

Maria Loconsole, Federico Ferrante, Davide Giacomazzi, Massimo De Agrò

{"title":"Independence and synergy of spatial attention in the two visual systems of jumping spiders.","authors":"Maria Loconsole, Federico Ferrante, Davide Giacomazzi, Massimo De Agrò","doi":"10.1242/jeb.246199","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.246199","url":null,"abstract":"By selectively focusing on a specific portion of the environment, animals can solve the problem of information overload, toning down irrelevant inputs and concentrating only on the relevant ones. This may be of particular relevance for animals such as the jumping spider, which possess a wide visual field of almost 360 deg and thus could benefit from a low-cost system for sharpening attention. Jumping spiders have a modular visual system composed of four pairs of eyes, of which only the two frontal eyes (the anteromedial eyes, AMEs) are motile, whereas the other secondary pairs remain immobile. We hypothesised that jumping spiders can exploit both principal and secondary eyes for stimulus detection and attentional shift, with the two systems working synergistically. In experiment 1, we investigated the attentional responses of AMEs following a spatial cue presented to the secondary eyes. In experiment 2, we tested for enhanced attention in the secondary eyes' visual field congruent with the direction of the AMEs' focus. In both experiments, we observed that animals were faster and more accurate in detecting a target when it appeared in a direction opposite to that of the initial cue. In contrast with our initial hypothesis, these results would suggest that attention is segregated across eyes, with each system working on compensating the other by attending to different spatial locations.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the specific and potentially independent role of the gonad in hormone regulation and reproductive behavior. 重新审视性腺在激素调节和生殖行为中的特殊和潜在独立作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247686

Victoria S Farrar

{"title":"Revisiting the specific and potentially independent role of the gonad in hormone regulation and reproductive behavior.","authors":"Victoria S Farrar","doi":"10.1242/jeb.247686","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.247686","url":null,"abstract":"Gonadal sex steroid hormones are well-studied modulators of reproductive physiology and behavior. Recent behavioral endocrinology research has focused on how the brain dynamically responds to - and may even produce - sex steroids, but the gonadal tissues that primarily release these hormones receive much less attention as a potential mediator of behavioral variation. This Commentary revisits mechanisms by which the reproductive hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis can be modulated specifically at the gonadal level. These mechanisms include those that may allow the gonad to be regulated independently of the HPG axis, such as receptors for non-HPG hormones, neural inputs and local production of conventional 'neuropeptides'. Here, I highlight studies that examine variation in these gonadal mechanisms in diverse taxa, with an emphasis on recent transcriptomic work. I then outline how future work can establish functional roles of gonadal mechanisms in reproductive behavior and evaluate gonad responsiveness to environmental cues. When integrated with neural mechanisms, further investigation of gonadal hormone regulation can yield new insight into the control and evolution of steroid-mediated traits, including behavior.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A dynamic humidity arena to explore humidity-related behaviours in insects. 探索昆虫与湿度相关行为的动态湿度场。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247195

Ganesh Giri, Nicolas Nagloo, Anders Enjin

{"title":"A dynamic humidity arena to explore humidity-related behaviours in insects.","authors":"Ganesh Giri, Nicolas Nagloo, Anders Enjin","doi":"10.1242/jeb.247195","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.247195","url":null,"abstract":"Humidity is a critical environmental factor influencing the behaviour of terrestrial organisms. Despite its significance, the neural mechanisms and behavioural algorithms governing humidity sensation remain poorly understood. Here, we introduce a dynamic humidity arena that measures the displacement and walking speed of insects responding to real-time changes in relative humidity (RH). This arena operates in a closed-loop mode, adjusting humidity based on the insect's position with 0.2% RH resolution, allowing the insect to choose its optimal humidity. It can also be set to maintain a specific RH, simulating an open-loop condition to observe insect behaviour at constant humidity levels. Using the dynamic humidity arena, we found that desiccated and starved Drosophila melanogaster search for a RH of around 65-70% at 23°C, whereas sated flies show no unique preference for any RH. If the desiccated and starved flies are rehydrated, their searching behaviour is abolished, suggesting that desiccation has a great impact on the measured response. In contrast, mutant flies with impaired humidity sensing, due to a non-functional ionotropic receptor (Ir)93a, show no preference for any RH level irrespective of being desiccated and starved or sated. These results demonstrate that the dynamic humidity arena is highly sensitive and precise in capturing the nuanced behaviours associated with hydration status and RH preference in D. melanogaster. The dynamic humidity arena is easily adaptable to insects of other sizes and offers a foundation for further research on the mechanisms of hygrosensation, opening new possibilities for understanding how organisms perceive and respond to humidity in their environment.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0