Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

Structure and function of the nervous system in the stem of the siphonophore Nanomia septata: its role in swimming coordination. 中隔小管神经系统的结构和功能：在游泳协调中的作用。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251974

Tigran P Norekian, Robert W Meech

{"title":"Structure and function of the nervous system in the stem of the siphonophore Nanomia septata: its role in swimming coordination.","authors":"Tigran P Norekian, Robert W Meech","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251974","url":null,"abstract":"The multiple swimming bells, or nectophores, of the colonial hydrozoan Nanomia septata are capable of coordinated avoidance swims in both forward and reverse directions. Individual nectophores also contribute to slower forms of swimming during foraging. Communication between a nectophore and the rest of the colony is at cone-shaped structures in the nectosome stem. The stem provides an attachment point for the nectophores and houses the simple nervous system responsible for their coordination. As revealed by immunocytochemistry, the nectosome stem has three main components: two giant axons, a distributed nerve network and a set of FMRFamide-immunoreactive nerve tracts. Whereas the nerve network is distributed throughout the stem, the nerve tracts link specific contra-lateral nectophores. Action potentials in the giant axons spread excitation rapidly along the stem, but their connection with individual nectophores is by way of the nerve network. Anatomical evidence suggests a location for the two pathways connecting the nerve network and the nectophore; one excites an epithelial impulse and leads to reverse swimming; the other provides excitation for forward swimming by feeding into a ganglion-like cluster of nerve cells. The two-way exchange of neural information between the stem and the nectophore is by way of this terminal ganglion and a single nerve leading to a nerve ring at the nectophore margin. The work presents physiological evidence for mechanisms, such as facilitation and summation, operating within a multifunctional, bidirectional nerve network, responsible for coordinating epithelial and neural signals in an early-branching nervous system containing both condensed and distributed units.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tooth biomechanics of the non-mammalian synapsid Dimetrodon using two and three-dimensional finite element analysis. 非哺乳动物双齿龙突触动物牙齿生物力学的二维和三维有限元分析。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251898

Adam J Snyder, Eric Snively, Kirstin S Brink

{"title":"Tooth biomechanics of the non-mammalian synapsid Dimetrodon using two and three-dimensional finite element analysis.","authors":"Adam J Snyder, Eric Snively, Kirstin S Brink","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251898","url":null,"abstract":"Major changes in tooth morphology can be tracked throughout the evolutionary history of the Early Permian non-mammalian synapsid, Dimetrodon (295-270 MA). Teeth changed from the ancestral condition of folded roots (plicidentine) and crowns with smooth cutting edges (carinae) to a morphology with elongate roots and blade-like ziphodont crown morphology with serrated denticulate carinae, typical of other extinct apex predators. We created virtual models of individual teeth to investigate the functional differences between these morphological conditions through a combination of 2D and 3D Finite Element Analyses (FEA). Material properties based on extant values of enamel, dentine, and bone were imported on models loaded with point forces directed at the tooth tips. Results show that in the crowns, denticles convey energy non-homogenously, funneling stress and strain to the thinnest enamel layers between the denticles. Increased surface area of the expanded tooth roots resulted in lower stress values than present in the crowns. Similar areas in a short, folded root did not significantly alter energy transmitted to the cortical bone when compared to elongated, smooth roots. FEA results support the hypothesis that denticles and elongated, non-folded roots were all adaptations that would assist Dimetrodon in the oral processing of larger prey items.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robust and diverse multidimensional statistical moments in dual-band entomological lidar for improved real time insect monitoring. 双波段昆虫激光雷达鲁棒性和多样性多维统计矩改进昆虫实时监测。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251761

David Dreyer, Meng Li, Hampus Månefjord, Assoumou Saint-Doria Yamoa, Yatana Adolphe Gbogbo, Lauro Müller, Anna Runemark, Benoit Kouassi Kouakou, Rabbi Boateng, Andrew Atiogbe Huzortey, Jérémie T Zoueu, Benjamin Anderson, Mikkel Brydegaard

{"title":"Robust and diverse multidimensional statistical moments in dual-band entomological lidar for improved real time insect monitoring.","authors":"David Dreyer, Meng Li, Hampus Månefjord, Assoumou Saint-Doria Yamoa, Yatana Adolphe Gbogbo, Lauro Müller, Anna Runemark, Benoit Kouassi Kouakou, Rabbi Boateng, Andrew Atiogbe Huzortey, Jérémie T Zoueu, Benjamin Anderson, Mikkel Brydegaard","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251761","url":null,"abstract":"As some insect groups are declining at alarming rates, accurate and automated insect monitoring is needed to prioritize habitats for conservation. Dual-band entomological Scheimpflug-Lidar technique is a promising candidate method for real time insect monitoring: it allows the detection of thousands of flying insects per day at high temporal and spatial resolutions. The signals contain a plethora of properties which can be assigned to flight headings- and species-specific clues which may improve classification. We introduce a systematic approach to robust dimensionality reduction of entomological lidar range-time intensity matrices (time and range, 2D) of observations, into time dependent vectors (1D), and scalar values (0D) which encode features related to the flight headings-, and species-characteristics. Using this single-night dataset as a case study, we show that dual-band parameters not only confirm expected patterns of average insect melanization but also enable exploration of signal diversity such as insects that display distinct spectral signatures.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The contribution of growth to the SDA response in pythons. 蟒蛇的生长对SDA反应的贡献。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252099

Katja B Last, Maria Skovbjerg Slot, Emil Rindom, Hans Malte, Kristian Beedholm, Kasper Hansen, Tobias Wang

{"title":"The contribution of growth to the SDA response in pythons.","authors":"Katja B Last, Maria Skovbjerg Slot, Emil Rindom, Hans Malte, Kristian Beedholm, Kasper Hansen, Tobias Wang","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.252099","url":null,"abstract":"The specific dynamic action (SDA) of food represents the postprandial increase in metabolic rate and has often been described as the cost of digestion. However, many recent studies suggests that the SDA response primarily reflects the energetic cost of growth. Here, we estimate the contribution of growth to SDA in juvenile Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) through simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and growth over 50-56 days with snakes being fed at different intervals to generate variation in growth. The linear relationship between SDA (=∫(V˙O2-SMR); Standard metabolic rate), and growth was used to estimate the energetic cost of growth. This estimate was then multiplied by total growth to quantify the contribution of growth to the SDA response. Protein retention was assessed from faecal nitrogen, and changes in body composition were quantified using CT scans. Growth accounted for approximately 77% of the SDA response. The estimated contribution to the SDA response was supported by high protein retention and proportional increases in lean tissue. Together, these results strongly indicate that SDA in Burmese pythons is dominated by growth-related processes, particularly protein synthesis.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bite force-gape curves and passive tension costs in Macaca mulatta. 猕猴咬合力-裂隙曲线和被动张力成本。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251950

Stephanie L Canington, Carla Escabi, Michael L Platt, Timothy A Machado, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Myra F Laird

{"title":"Bite force-gape curves and passive tension costs in Macaca mulatta.","authors":"Stephanie L Canington, Carla Escabi, Michael L Platt, Timothy A Machado, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Myra F Laird","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251950","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251950","url":null,"abstract":"Passive forces generated by the jaw adductor muscles and their connective tissues are thought to play a protective role in the feeding system by limiting gape to avoid hyperextension and minimize distractive forces at the temporomandibular joint. However, passive muscle forces have only been measured in individual jaw adductors of two non-primate mammals, and it is unknown how these forces translate to bite force at the occlusal surface and affect gape behaviors. We measured in vivo passive bite forces in eight adult Macaca mulatta at anterior (I1) and posterior (M1) bite points across linear gapes ranging from 15 to 50 mm. Active bite force data were collected at the anterior bite point from two of these macaques (one male, one female) using a custom-built bite force transducer across linear gapes ranging from 10 to 60 mm. We demonstrate that M. mulatta passive bite forces increase with gape and vary by bite point, with forces larger at M1 compared with I1 for both linear and angular gapes. Our experimental data and Hill-type muscle models of both active and passive forces suggest that passive bite forces are absolutely and relatively small at the occlusal surface in macaques and play a minimal role in constraining gape. These are the first empirical data on bite force passive tension in primates, and the first data to suggest that the macaque jaw adductor muscles exhibit unusually high compliance, potentially relating to selection for large gape behaviors.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147365509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accumulation of CO2 limits energy gain in freely diving grey seals. 二氧化碳的积累限制了自由潜水的灰海豹的能量获取。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251718

Eva-Maria S Bønnelycke, Joanna L Kershaw, Gordon D Hastie, Carol Sparling, Steve Balfour, Ryan Milne, Simon E W Moss, Philippa F C Wright, J Chris McKnight

{"title":"Accumulation of CO2 limits energy gain in freely diving grey seals.","authors":"Eva-Maria S Bønnelycke, Joanna L Kershaw, Gordon D Hastie, Carol Sparling, Steve Balfour, Ryan Milne, Simon E W Moss, Philippa F C Wright, J Chris McKnight","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251718","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251718","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how gas regulation impacts behavioural and physiological processes in phocid seals is essential to understanding their foraging ecology. The accumulation of circulating CO2 across a series of dives is thought to prolong surface recovery, thereby reducing foraging efficiency. This can be empirically tested by experimentally altering circulating gas tensions in diving seals and quantifying the effect on net rate of energy gain. In the present study, six grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) voluntarily dove in a simulated foraging setup, swimming from a breathing chamber to and from an underwater feeder. During surface intervals, seals were exposed to ambient, hypercapnic (high CO2), hypoxic (low O2) or hyperoxic (high O2) respiratory gas conditions. The effect of gas condition on net rate of energy gain, dive behaviour, respirometry-derived energy expenditure, post-dive circulating lactate concentration, and digestion (indicated by circulating triglyceride concentrations) was quantified. Net rate of energy gain significantly decreased under hypercapnia, likely owing to extended surface recovery durations, rather than underlying changes in energy expenditure or other post-dive metabolic processes. Extended surface durations reflected the slower rate of CO2 elimination relative to O2 uptake. Our findings show that the accumulation of CO2 is a significant limiting factor to net rate of energy gain in grey seals. Furthermore, we provide evidence of both digestion and anaerobic metabolism during diving, which contrasts with previously hypothesised optimal foraging strategies. Phocid seals are therefore not limited by digestive activity or the accumulation of lactate during short foraging bouts.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring epigenetic inheritance: alternative models and experimental approaches. 探索表观遗传：替代模型和实验方法。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251062

Christina R Steadman, Saddie Vela, Warren W Burggren

{"title":"Exploring epigenetic inheritance: alternative models and experimental approaches.","authors":"Christina R Steadman, Saddie Vela, Warren W Burggren","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251062","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in epigenetics and epigenetic inheritance has grown rapidly over the last few decades, driven by fundamental biological discoveries with broad clinical and agricultural applications. Yet, a small group of established biological model organisms - particularly rodents, fruit flies, nematodes and plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and maize - has been widely used to investigate mechanisms underlying heritable, non-genetic changes in phenotype. Although they are powerful, relying exclusively on these models can also be limiting. We instead advocate for a question-driven approach for investigation of epigenetic inheritance, where research problems guide model selection and the consequent exploration of novel models - animal, plant and microbe. A prime example of this framework is the study of the 'dynamics' of epigenetic inheritance, that is, the rates at which epigenetically inherited marks, associated phenotypes and regulatory effects appear, persist and fade across generations. Investigation of this poorly understood phenomenon requires models that are suited to tracking multigenerational phenotypic changes. Thus, effective organismal model selection necessitates practical considerations, such as ease of husbandry, length of the lifespan, the existence of quantifiable phenotypes and permissiveness to epigenetic manipulation. To exemplify the exploration of novel biological systems, we present microalgae as an underutilized yet promising model system particularly suited to evaluating the dynamics of epigenetic inheritance, although other organisms may better suit questions focused on sexual reproduction or complex development. By offering microalgae as one illustrative case study, we emphasize the broader need to align organismal model choice with research questions and to expand beyond traditional systems.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"229 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lack of gastric acidification reduces postprandial energy expenditure and protein digestion but not growth in Astyanax mexicanus. 胃酸化不足会降低墨西哥Astyanax的餐后能量消耗和蛋白质消化，但不会降低其生长。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251599

Patrícia Gomes Ferreira, Hugo Flávio, Jonathan M Wilson

{"title":"Lack of gastric acidification reduces postprandial energy expenditure and protein digestion but not growth in Astyanax mexicanus.","authors":"Patrícia Gomes Ferreira, Hugo Flávio, Jonathan M Wilson","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251599","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251599","url":null,"abstract":"The vertebrate stomach is responsible for the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and is the first site of protein digestion in the gut. The secretion of HCl occurs through the gastric proton pump, a hydrogen-potassium ATPase (HKA) composed of α and β subunits encoded by the ATP4A and ATP4B genes, respectively. In the past, the evidence for the role of the gastric acid secretion in nutrient digestion and absorption, growth and postprandial energy metabolism has been gathered using indirect methods such as diet modulation experiments, or the use of proton-pump inhibitors. These methods may introduce confounding factors and lead to erroneous conclusions. With the aim of directly observing the role of the gastric proton pump, we have generated a knockout model using targeted gene editing. Using atp4a-null Astyanax mexicanus, we examined the growth rate, nitrogen and energy metabolism, and nutrient assimilation in the presence and absence of gastric acidification. Our results show no effect of knockout on growth or appetite, but a significant reduction in post-prandial nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption (specific dynamic action). Furthermore, atp4a-/- animals had significantly less body magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and protein, while having more lipid in their carcasses. Importantly, administration of proton-pump inhibitors suppressed growth in both experimental groups, indicating possible off-target effects of these drugs. This study is the first to directly examine the impact of gastric acidification on body composition, growth and metabolism and offers new and targeted evidence on the importance of stomach acidification for gut and digestion homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shearwaters make efficient navigational decisions, even at very fine scales. 海鸥即使在非常小的尺度上也能做出有效的导航决策。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251556

Lewis Lancaster-Reeves, Sarah Bond, Joe Morford, Katrina Siddiqi-Davies, Joe Wynn, Patrick Lewin, Alana Halpin, Emma Thornton, Barbara Francik, Max Buckley, Tim Guilford, Oliver Padget

{"title":"Shearwaters make efficient navigational decisions, even at very fine scales.","authors":"Lewis Lancaster-Reeves, Sarah Bond, Joe Morford, Katrina Siddiqi-Davies, Joe Wynn, Patrick Lewin, Alana Halpin, Emma Thornton, Barbara Francik, Max Buckley, Tim Guilford, Oliver Padget","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251556","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251556","url":null,"abstract":"Seabirds are superb long-distance navigators, navigating across oceans with remarkable accuracy. Whilst the mechanisms facilitating these movements are increasingly understood, it is unclear how accurately seabirds determine their position on finer scales. Here, we investigated local navigation in the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) by displacing GPS-tracked individuals to sites around their colony island. Because shearwaters normally avoid flying over land, these release sites present a choice of two over-sea island circumnavigation routes that differ in distance. We found that birds preferentially adopted the shorter round-island route, demonstrating that shearwaters are capable of learning route efficiencies even when differences in payoff are very slight in comparison to the distances they routinely travel. We discuss the learning mechanisms that may underpin this navigational efficiency; including how birds might distinguish between routes where the absolute difference in payoff is minimal, but the relative payoff is large.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reward taste conditioning in Drosophila melanogaster. 果蝇的奖赏味觉条件反射。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251090

Siyuan Yang, Yong Jun Eric Bae, Pavel Masek

{"title":"Reward taste conditioning in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Siyuan Yang, Yong Jun Eric Bae, Pavel Masek","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251090","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251090","url":null,"abstract":"Animals tend to approach and consume food that is palatable, energetically advantageous or nutritious. Although appetitive taste behavior is hardwired, it can be modulated by experience. Previously, we were able to suppress it by pairing appetitive tastants with aversive stimuli, such as bitter quinine. Here, we present a taste memory assay where a taste stimulus is paired with rewarding sugar intake. We tested an array of neutral or appetitive substances (conditioned stimulus, CS) and rewarding reinforcements (unconditioned stimulus, US), and determined optimal conditions for a robust and reliable reward taste conditioning (RTC) assay. We ultimately used a moderate concentration of fructose as CS paired with a sweeter sucrose as US, allowing us to characterize the properties of the reinforcement and the resulting memory. We found that tight forward pairing of CS and US is necessary for memory formation, and repeated unpaired presentation of the CS extinguishes the memory. Without further interference, the memory is sustained for at least 60 min after training. We determined that genes involved in short-term memory and intact mushroom bodies are required for RTC. This assay is a fast and robust way to investigate the involvement of genes specific to reward taste learning, and to determine neuronal sub-types and the circuits involved in appetitive taste memory. Considering that the reward and aversive taste assays are designed to be very similar, it will allow for comparison between memories with opposite valence and further our understanding of the detailed neuronal architecture underlying acquired taste memories.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0