Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

A high-lipid diet leads to greater pathology and lower tolerance during infection.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249541

Weston G Perrine, Erin L Sauer, Ashley C Love, Ashley Morris, Johnathan Novotny, Sarah E DuRant

{"title":"A high-lipid diet leads to greater pathology and lower tolerance during infection.","authors":"Weston G Perrine, Erin L Sauer, Ashley C Love, Ashley Morris, Johnathan Novotny, Sarah E DuRant","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249541","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249541","url":null,"abstract":"Altered food landscapes contribute importantly to wildlife disease dynamics and may play a critical role in host heterogeneity in disease outcomes through changes in host diet composition. We explored the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on disease pathology and feeding behavior of canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In the first experiment, we provided canaries with isocaloric diets composed of identical ingredients that varied in macronutrient content (high protein or high lipid) then MG- or sham-inoculated birds. In the second experiment, we offered both diets to canaries before and after MG or sham inoculation. In experiment one, high-protein diet birds consumed more food than high-lipid diet birds and experienced a more pronounced decrease in food intake after infection. High-protein diet birds were more tolerant to MG infection, exhibiting reduced pathology when compared with high-lipid diet birds, despite the two treatments having similar levels of MG-specific antibodies and MG loads. When birds had access to both diets, they consumed more of the high-protein diet and experienced pathology for less time than lipid- or protein-restricted birds. These results highlight that macronutrient makeup of the diet can shape vertebrate host tolerance and pathology, which has direct implications for host-pathogen transmission dynamics.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of habitat complexity on otolith morphology and sensory capacities in Nile tilapia: a controlled experimental approach.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249693

Arthur Van Damme, Emmanuelle Huet, Bruno Frédérich, Eric Parmentier

{"title":"The influence of habitat complexity on otolith morphology and sensory capacities in Nile tilapia: a controlled experimental approach.","authors":"Arthur Van Damme, Emmanuelle Huet, Bruno Frédérich, Eric Parmentier","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249693","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249693","url":null,"abstract":"The inner ear of teleost fishes is known to serve both auditory and vestibular functions. Many studies have compared otoliths from different species and attempted to understand the observed differences in the light of environmental factors. However, experimental data on how otoliths could adapt are scarce. This study explores the relationship between environmental structural complexity and otolith morphology, and its effects on auditory and vestibular functions in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using a controlled design, fish of the same brood were distributed between a control tank and a tank equipped with suspended chains, increasing the structural complexity alone. After a period of 5 months, we monitored auditory sensitivity and compared otolith morphology of the two groups. Auditory capacity was measured using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) technique whereas otolith morphology was assessed through classical and geometric morphometrics. Tilapias raised in complex environments developed sagittae with increased length, thickness, area and volume. However, auditory sensitivity was consistent across the two groups, suggesting that the morphological changes solely affected vestibular function. These findings support that otolith morphology can adapt to the fish's surrounding environment, here to improve balance and manoeuvrability in complex settings. This reaffirms that otolith sagittae not only support hearing but fulfil multiple roles to cope with environmental challenges. This also constitutes an indirect first demonstration of the sagitta's involvement in the vestibular function. Together with significant morphological changes, the similar auditory capabilities across groups underscore the complexity of defining functional roles within the inner ear and reaffirm the mixed-function hypothesis, challenging the association between the observed variation and inner ear-specific functions.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is this scenery worth exploring? Insight into the visual encoding of navigating ants.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249935

Leo Clement, Sebastian Schwarz, Blandine Mahot-Castaing, Antoine Wystrach

{"title":"Is this scenery worth exploring? Insight into the visual encoding of navigating ants.","authors":"Leo Clement, Sebastian Schwarz, Blandine Mahot-Castaing, Antoine Wystrach","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249935","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249935","url":null,"abstract":"Solitary foraging insects such as desert ants rely heavily on vision for navigation. Although ants can learn visual scenes, it is unclear what cues they use to decide whether a scene is worth exploring at the first place. To investigate this, we recorded the motor behaviour of Cataglyphis velox ants navigating in a virtual reality setup and measured their lateral oscillations in response to various unfamiliar visual scenes under both closed-loop and open-loop conditions. In naturalistic-looking panorama, ants display regular oscillations as observed outdoors, allowing them to efficiently scan the scenery. Manipulations of the virtual environment revealed distinct functions served by dynamic and static cues. Dynamic cues, mainly rotational optic flow, regulated the amplitude of oscillations but not their regularity. Conversely, static cues had little impact on the amplitude but were essential for producing regular oscillations. Regularity of oscillations decreased in scenes with only horizontal, only vertical or no edges, but was restored in scenes with both edge types together. The actual number of edges, the visual pattern heterogeneity across azimuths, the light intensity or the relative elevation of brighter regions did not affect oscillations. We conclude that ants use a simple but functional heuristic to determine whether the visual world is worth exploring, relying on the presence of at least two different edge orientations in the scene.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluoromicrometry reveals minimal influence of tendon elasticity during snake locomotion. 荧光显微测定法显示，蛇在运动过程中肌腱弹性的影响微乎其微。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249259

Jessica L Tingle, Kelsey L Garner, Henry C Astley

{"title":"Fluoromicrometry reveals minimal influence of tendon elasticity during snake locomotion.","authors":"Jessica L Tingle, Kelsey L Garner, Henry C Astley","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249259","url":null,"abstract":"Multiarticular muscle systems are widespread across vertebrates, including in their necks, digits, tails and trunks. In secondarily limbless tetrapods, the multiarticular trunk muscles power nearly all behaviors. Using snakes as a study system, we previously used anatomical measurements and mathematical modeling to derive an equation relating multiarticular trunk muscle shortening to postural change. However, some snake trunk muscles have long, thin tendinous connections, raising the possibility of elastic energy storage, which could lead to a decoupling of muscle length change from joint angle change. The next step, therefore, is to determine whether in vivo muscle shortening produces the postural changes predicted by mathematical modeling. A departure from predictions would implicate elastic energy storage. To test the relationship between muscle strain and posture in vivo, we implanted radio-opaque metal beads in three muscles of interest in four corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus), then recorded X-ray videos to directly measure muscle shortening and vertebral column curvature during locomotion. Our in vivo results produced evidence that elastic energy storage does not play a substantial role in corn snake lateral undulation or tunnel concertina locomotion. The ability to predict muscle shortening directly from observed posture will facilitate future work. Moreover, the generality of our equation, which uses anatomical values that can be measured in many types of animals, means that our framework for understanding multiarticular muscle function can be applied in numerous study systems to provide a stronger mechanistic understanding of organismal function.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

It's a good thing that severely hypoxic salmon (Salmo salar) have a limited capacity to increase heart rate when warmed.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249594

Anthony K Gamperl, Julie J H Nati, Kathy A Clow, Rebeccah M Sandrelli, Lucie Gerber, Emma S Porter, Ellen C Peroni

{"title":"It's a good thing that severely hypoxic salmon (Salmo salar) have a limited capacity to increase heart rate when warmed.","authors":"Anthony K Gamperl, Julie J H Nati, Kathy A Clow, Rebeccah M Sandrelli, Lucie Gerber, Emma S Porter, Ellen C Peroni","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249594","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249594","url":null,"abstract":"With climate change, fish are facing rising temperatures, an increase in the frequency and severity of heat waves and hypoxia, sometimes concurrently. However, only limited studies have examined the combined effects of increases in temperature and hypoxia on fish physiology and survival. We measured the cardiorespiratory physiology of 12°C-acclimated Atlantic salmon when exposed acutely to normoxia [100% air saturation (sat.)] versus 75 and 50% air sat., and then warmed to their critical thermal maximum (CTmax) at 2°C h-1. Fish exposed to 50% air sat. became bradycardic, were unable to increase heart rate (fH) when warmed, and had lower values for metabolic scope and CTmax (21.3 vs 26.1°C in normoxic fish). The effects of 75% air sat. on cardiorespiratory parameters and CTmax were intermediate. We then used atropine (1.2 mg kg-1) and 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT; 50 nmol kg-1) to investigate what role(s) cholinergic tone on the heart and cardiac adenosinergic effects, respectively, play in preventing severely hypoxic salmon (40% air sat.) from increasing fH when warmed. CPT had no/limited effects on salmon cardiorespiratory parameters and thermal tolerance. However, atropine increased fH in hypoxic fish and allowed it to rise with temperature, and this resulted in salmon that were much less tolerant to warming. Collectively, these results: (1) show that fish in severely hypoxic environments will be very susceptible to climate change-associated heat waves; and (2) suggest that cholinergic tone on the heart is not removed when severely hypoxic fish are exposed to rising temperatures to protect the heart's pumping capacity.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(Limited) Predictability of thermal adaptation in invertebrates.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249450

James A deMayo, Gregory J Ragland

{"title":"(Limited) Predictability of thermal adaptation in invertebrates.","authors":"James A deMayo, Gregory J Ragland","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249450","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary genomic approaches provide powerful tools to understand variation in and evolution of physiological processes. Untargeted genomic or transcriptomic screens can identify functionally annotated candidate genes linked to specific physiological processes, in turn suggesting evolutionary roles for these processes. Such studies often aim to inform modeling of the potential of natural populations to adapt to climate change, but these models are most accurate when evolutionary responses are repeatable, and thus predictable. Here, we synthesize the evolutionary genetic and comparative transcriptomic literature on terrestrial and marine invertebrates to assess whether evolutionary responses to temperature are repeatable within populations, across populations and across species. There is compelling evidence for repeatability, sometimes even across species. However, responses to laboratory selection and geographic variation across thermal gradients appear to be highly idiosyncratic. We also survey whether genetic/transcriptomic studies repeatedly identify candidate genes in three functional groups previously associated with the response to thermal stress: heat shock protein (Hsp) genes, proteolysis genes and immunity genes. Multiple studies across terrestrial and marine species identify candidates included in these gene sets. Yet, each of the gene sets are identified in only a minority of studies. Together, these patterns suggest that there is limited predictability of evolutionary responses to natural selection, including across studies within species. We discuss specific patterns for the candidate gene sets, implications for predictive modeling, and other potential applications of evolutionary genetics in elucidating physiology and gene function. Finally, we discuss limitations of inferences from available evolutionary genetic studies and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ghrelin suppresses water intake with a different physiological significance from atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious seawater-acclimated eels.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249707

Hiroyuki Kaiya, Shigenori Nobata, Yoshio Takei

{"title":"Ghrelin suppresses water intake with a different physiological significance from atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious seawater-acclimated eels.","authors":"Hiroyuki Kaiya, Shigenori Nobata, Yoshio Takei","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249707","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249707","url":null,"abstract":"In general, ghrelin is known as one of the orexigenic (increasing appetite or food intake) hormones in mammals. However, it has also been shown that ghrelin inhibits water intake, which appears to be inconsistent with its role in the feeding response. In this study, the effect of ghrelin on water intake was comprehensively addressed using conscious seawater-acclimated eels as an experimental model for water drinking behaviour. When injected intra-arterially, ghrelin inhibited copious drinking in a dose-dependent manner without affecting arterial pressure. This effect contrasted with the inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on drinking, which is synchronized with a vasodepressor effect. Similarly, intra-cerebroventricular injection of ghrelin also decreased the drinking rate without affecting arterial pressure. Continuous infusion of ghrelin from the ventral aorta also decreased the drinking rate, concomitant with an increase in plasma ghrelin concentration. The inhibitory effects of ghrelin on drinking were as potent and efficacious as those of ANP. The inhibitory action was not blocked by pre-treatment with a ghrelin receptor antagonist ([D-Lys3] GHRP-6); consistently, the agonist form (GHRP-6) injected intra-arterially did not show any inhibitory effect of ghrelin when injected peripherally. These results demonstrate that ghrelin is a potent anti-dipsogen in eels without baroreflex and ANP secretion, and it is possible that ghrelin's effect might be mediated through another type of ghrelin receptor that [D-Lys3] GHRP-6 or GHRP-6 do not bind.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What makes a competent aquatic invader? Considering saline niches of invertebrates and ray-finned fishes.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249515

Carolina A Freire

{"title":"What makes a competent aquatic invader? Considering saline niches of invertebrates and ray-finned fishes.","authors":"Carolina A Freire","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249515","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic invasive species are of growing concern globally, especially in fresh water. The problem is intensified by climate change, which often causes salinization of coastal fresh waters. Animals deal with salinity through the function of osmoregulation, and osmoregulatory ability can be informative when considering invasive potential. A species is said to be 'euryhaline' if it can tolerate a wide range of salinities, either through osmoregulation (tightly controlling its extracellular fluid osmolality) or osmoconformation (matching the osmotic concentration of its internal fluids with that of the environment). Euryhaline animals display a large fundamental saline niche (FSN); i.e. a wide physiological tolerance of salinity change. However, the range of salinities of the habitats where a species actually occurs define its realized saline niche (RSN). Importantly, aquatic species living in stable habitats (i.e. those with little variation in salinity) will have a small RSN, but may have large FSNs, depending on their evolutionary history. Species with large FSNs are more likely to be successful invaders of new habitats with different salinities. Here, I propose the term 'osmotic comfort' as a concept that is associated with the FSN. The core of the FSN corresponds to ∼100% osmotic comfort, or 'optimum salinity', putatively meaning minimum stress. Physiological markers of osmotic comfort can provide raw data for mechanistic niche modelling in aquatic habitats. A species with a larger FSN is more likely to remain 'osmotically comfortable' in a different saline habitat, and is less likely to suffer local extinction in fresh waters, for example, that undergo salinization.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

WildPose: a long-range 3D wildlife motion capture system.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249987

Naoya Muramatsu, Sangyun Shin, Qianyi Deng, Andrew Markham, Amir Patel

引用次数: 0

Follow the flower: approach-flight behaviour of bumblebees landing on a moving target.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249380

Lana J de Vries, Frank van Langevelde, Johan L van Leeuwen, Marc Naguib, Remco P M Pieters, Florian T Muijres

{"title":"Follow the flower: approach-flight behaviour of bumblebees landing on a moving target.","authors":"Lana J de Vries, Frank van Langevelde, Johan L van Leeuwen, Marc Naguib, Remco P M Pieters, Florian T Muijres","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249380","url":null,"abstract":"While landing on flowers, pollinating insects often have to deal with flower movement caused by wind. Here, we determined the landing performance of bumblebees on a moving artificial flower, and how they use their visual-motor system to control their landings. To do this, we built an experimental setup containing a physical model of a flower, moving sideways using sinusoidal kinematics at various oscillation frequencies (up to 0.65 Hz, at constant amplitude of 5 cm). We filmed the landings of Bombus terrestris bumblebees on this moving flower model and extracted the flight kinematics and trajectories using deep neural network-based videography tracking. The bumblebees were capable of compensating for the detrimental effects of flower movement on landing performance for flower frequencies up to 0.53 Hz. Only at our maximum frequency of 0.65 Hz, the percentage of successful landings decreased, but landing accuracy and duration were not affected. To successfully land on the moving flower, the bumblebees gradually slowed down, aimed towards the middle of the flower and aligned with its movement. Our results indicated that bumblebees use modular visual-motor control feedback to do this: (1) they slow down by maintaining an approximately constant average optic expansion of the approaching flower image; (2) they aim towards the flower by keeping the flower in the middle of their view; (3) they align to the flower movement by minimizing the sideways optic flow of the moving flower image. Our findings increase our understanding of how flying insects land on flowers moved by wind.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0