Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

Extracellular and intracellular digestion in bivalves, studied by magnetic resonance imaging with a contrast reagent. 用对比剂磁共振成像研究双壳类动物的细胞外和细胞内消化。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249932

Eriko Seo, Yoshiteru Seo

引用次数: 0

Accounting for the role of the gastro-intestinal tract in the ammonia and urea nitrogen dynamics of freshwater rainbow trout on long-term satiation feeding. 说明长期饱食条件下，胃肠道在淡水虹鳟鱼氨氮和尿素氮动态中的作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249654

Chris M Wood, Junho Eom

{"title":"Accounting for the role of the gastro-intestinal tract in the ammonia and urea nitrogen dynamics of freshwater rainbow trout on long-term satiation feeding.","authors":"Chris M Wood, Junho Eom","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249654","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249654","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of the gut to the ingestion, production, absorption and excretion of the extra ammonia and urea nitrogen (urea-N) associated with feeding ('exogenous' fraction) has received limited attention. Analysis of commercial pellet food revealed appreciable concentrations of ammonia and urea-N. Long-term satiation feeding increased whole-trout ammonia and urea-N excretion rates by 2.5-fold above fasting levels. Blood was sampled from the dorsal aorta, posterior, mid- and anterior sub-intestinal veins, as well as the hepatic portal vein in situ. Ammonia, urea-N and fluid flux rates were measured in vitro using novel gut sac preparations filled with native chyme. The sacs maintained the extreme physico-chemical conditions of the lumen seen in vivo. Overall, these results confirmed our hypothesis that the stomach, and anterior intestine and pyloric caecae regions play important roles in ammonia and urea-N production and/or absorption. There was a very high rate of urea-N production in the anterior intestine and pyloric caecae, whereas the posterior intestine dominated for ammonia synthesis. The stomach was the major site of ammonia absorption, and the anterior intestine and pyloric caecae region dominated for urea-N absorption. Model calculations indicated that over 50% of the exogenous ammonia and urea-N excretion associated with satiation feeding was produced in the anaerobic gut. This challenges standard metabolic theory used in fuel-use calculations. The novel gut sac preparations gained fluid during incubation, especially in the anterior intestine and pyloric caecae, owing to marked hyperosmolality in the chyme. Thus, satiation feeding with commercial pellets is beneficial to the water balance of freshwater trout.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic reciprocal morphological changes in insect hosts and bacterial symbionts. 昆虫寄主和细菌共生体的动态互惠形态变化。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249474

Anthony D Junker, Jason Z Chen, James G DuBose, Nicole M Gerardo

{"title":"Dynamic reciprocal morphological changes in insect hosts and bacterial symbionts.","authors":"Anthony D Junker, Jason Z Chen, James G DuBose, Nicole M Gerardo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249474","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249474","url":null,"abstract":"Symbiotic interactions, central to most life on Earth, are interwoven associations that vary in intimacy and duration. Some of the most well-known examples of symbioses occur between animals and gut bacteria. These associations lead to physiological integration of host and symbionts. The diversity of microbes within animal hosts can make studying them technically challenging. Thus, most science heavily focuses on the animal side of symbioses, limiting study of the microbial symbionts to characterization of their genetic and functional diversity. These limitations are minimized in Heteropteran insects that have specialized midguts that separately house single symbiont species away from ingested food. These insect-bacteria associations allow us to address fundamental questions regarding how both hosts and symbionts change to establish a cooperative relationship. In this study, through ex vivo and in vivo observations of cellular behaviors, we explore concurrent structural and cellular dynamics in both the squash bug host (Anasa tristis) and its Caballeronia zhejiangensis symbionts during the initiation of symbiosis. We elucidate how C. zhejiangensis is sequestered within a specialized symbiotic organ within the A. tristis midgut, how the symbiont uses active motility to reach the symbiotic organ, how symbionts colonize host crypts within the organ and how host crypt morphogenesis progresses during the initiation of symbiotic interactions. Our findings provide insight into how dynamic cellular activity and morphological development reciprocally change in both host and symbiont as they establish symbiotic interactions.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11993259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-option of immune and digestive cellular machinery to support photosymbiosis in amoebocytes of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. 免疫和消化细胞机制的共同选择，以支持倒立水母（Cassiopea xamachana）变形虫细胞的光共生。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249849

Angus B Thies, Maitri Rangarajan-Paul, Daniel Wangpraseurt, Martin Tresguerres

{"title":"Co-option of immune and digestive cellular machinery to support photosymbiosis in amoebocytes of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana.","authors":"Angus B Thies, Maitri Rangarajan-Paul, Daniel Wangpraseurt, Martin Tresguerres","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249849","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249849","url":null,"abstract":"The upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea spp. host their algal symbionts inside a subset of amoebocytes, phagocytic cells that also play innate immune functions akin to macrophages from vertebrate animals. Amoebocyte precursors phagocytose algae from the jellyfish gut and store them inside intracellular compartments called symbiosomes. Subsequently, the precursors migrate to the mesoglea, differentiate into symbiotic amoebocytes, and roam throughout the jellyfish body, where the algae remain photosynthetically active and supply the jellyfish host with a significant portion of their organic carbon needs. Here, we show that the amoebocyte symbiosome membrane contains V-H+-ATPase (VHA), the proton pump that acidifies phagosomes and lysosomes in all eukaryotes. Many symbiotic amoebocytes also abundantly express a carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that reversibly hydrates CO2 into H+ and HCO3-. Moreover, we found that the symbiosome lumen is pronouncedly acidic and that pharmacological inhibition of VHA or CA activities significantly decreases photosynthetic oxygen production in live jellyfish. These results point to a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) that co-opts VHA and CA from the phago-lysosomal machinery that ubiquitously mediates food digestion and innate immune responses. Analogous VHA-dependent CCMs have been previously described in reef-building corals, anemones and giant clams; however, these other two cnidarians host their dinoflagellate algae inside gastrodermal cells - not in amoebocytes - and the clam hosts theirs within the gut lumen. Thus, our study identifies an example of convergent evolution at the cellular level that might broadly apply to invertebrate-microbe photosymbioses while also providing evolutionary links with intracellular and extracellular food digestion and the immune system.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish. 肠道酸化的进化见解：基底脊椎动物盲鳗的无脊椎类机制。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249641

Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss

{"title":"Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish.","authors":"Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249641","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249641","url":null,"abstract":"Acidification is a key component of digestion throughout metazoans. The gut digestive fluid of many invertebrates is acidified by the vesicular-type H+-ATPase (VHA). In contrast, vertebrates generate acidic gut fluids using the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (HKA), an evolutionary innovation linked with the appearance of a true stomach that greatly improves digestion, absorption and immune function. Hagfishes are the most basal extant vertebrates, and their mechanism of digestive acidification remains unclear. Herein, we report that the stomachless Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) acidify their gut using the VHA, and searches of E. stoutii gut transcriptomes and the genome of a closely related hagfish species (E. burgerii) indicate they lack HKA, consistent with its emergence following the 2R whole-genome duplication. Immunostaining revealed prominent VHA presence in the apical membrane of enterocytes and sub-apical expression of both VHA and soluble adenylyl cyclase. Interestingly, akin to vertebrates, VHA was also observed in immature pancreatic-like zymogen granules and was noticeably absent from the mature granules. Furthermore, isolated gut sacs from fed hagfish demonstrate increased VHA-dependent luminal H+ secretion that is stimulated by the cAMP pathway. Overall, these results suggest that the hagfish gut shares the trait of VHA-dependent acidification with invertebrates, while simultaneously performing some roles of the pancreas and intestine of gnathostomes.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Osmoregulatory contributions of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in the intestine of Atlantic salmon. 促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子系统在大西洋鲑鱼肠道中的渗透调节作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250052

Brett M Culbert, Stephen D McCormick, Nicholas J Bernier

{"title":"Osmoregulatory contributions of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in the intestine of Atlantic salmon.","authors":"Brett M Culbert, Stephen D McCormick, Nicholas J Bernier","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250052","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.250052","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of euryhaline fishes to tolerate different environmental salinities depends upon the flexibility of their osmoregulatory organs, including the intestine. Several endocrine pathways contribute to the coordination of osmoregulatory processes in the teleost intestine; however, while the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has established osmoregulatory actions in the mammalian intestine, it is unclear whether the intestinal CRF system serves similar functions in teleosts. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the CRF system contributes to osmoregulatory processes in the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We first showed using in vitro sac preparations that activation of CRF receptor type 2 (CRFR2) in the middle and posterior regions of the intestine reduces water, Na+ and Cl- absorption. However, co-activation of CRFR1 and CRFR2 inhibited water and Na+ absorption without affecting net Cl- absorption. We then assessed how the CRF system in the middle and posterior regions of the intestine was transcriptionally regulated during the seasonal acquisition of seawater tolerance (i.e. smoltification) and following changes in environmental salinity. Compared with parr, smolts had higher transcript levels of CRF ligands and this difference persisted following seawater transfer. Additionally, seawater transfer caused transient increases in transcription of urocortin 2 (ucn2) and crfr2 (posterior intestine only). Similar increases in ucn2 and crfr2 mRNA were observed following seawater to freshwater transfer of post-smolts. Our results indicate that the intestinal CRF system of Atlantic salmon contributes to osmoregulation during the initial days following changes in environmental salinity and that osmoregulatory actions of the intestinal CRF system are conserved across vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic and asynchronous ontogenetic changes in growth and metabolic rate in thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). 十三行地松鼠生长和代谢率的动态和非同步个体发生变化。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249931

Jessica L Li, Katie E Marshall, William K Milsom

{"title":"Dynamic and asynchronous ontogenetic changes in growth and metabolic rate in thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus).","authors":"Jessica L Li, Katie E Marshall, William K Milsom","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249931","url":null,"abstract":"As mammals grow from developmentally immature neonates into adults, metabolic rate (V˙O2) has been hypothesized to scale isometrically with body mass until individuals reach a critical size, after which scaling becomes hypometric. This study aimed to determine when this occurs and gain insight into why this metabolic switch occurs in altricial thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). We hypothesized that the switch would be related to patterns of growth and development. We measured the masses and resting V˙O2s of I. tridecemlineatus pups using flow-through respirometry at postnatal days 0-30 (inclusive), 60, 90, 120 and at over one year old and found repeated and asynchronous ontogenetic changes in growth rate and metabolic scaling. Following birth, pups grew 1.18±0.02 g day-1 and metabolism scaled isometrically as predicted (scaling exponent B=1.01±0.03). Surprisingly, B more than doubled to 2.64±0.13 at P18-P23 while growth rate remained constant. At P29, growth rate more than quadrupled to 4.87±0.03 g day-1 while between P35-P43 the further increase in V˙O2 was proportionately less, and thus B fell to -0.27±0.43. Adult size was reached by P79, with final scaling and growth rate values maintained into adulthood (P465). The asynchronous changes in mass and resting V˙O2 appear to reflect metabolic trade-offs as pups allocated energy towards physiological development (P18-35) versus growth (P35-79): the period of hypermetabolic scaling (B=2.64±0.13) coincided with the time when pups became weaned and sufficiently physiologically and morphologically developed to live independently.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polyphenisms in the reproductive response to short days of male quail are driven by testosterone-independent uncoupling at the photoperiodic TSH-DIO2/DIO3 pathway. 雄性鹌鹑对短日照的生殖反应中的多表型是由光周期TSH-DIO2/DIO3途径上的睾酮非依赖性解偶联驱动的。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250390

Kevin Poissenot, Julie Lemarchand, Fabien Cornilleau, Lucas Court, Didier Lomet, Joëlle Dupont, Brian K Follett, Massimiliano Beltramo, Ludovic Calandreau, Hugues Dardente

{"title":"Polyphenisms in the reproductive response to short days of male quail are driven by testosterone-independent uncoupling at the photoperiodic TSH-DIO2/DIO3 pathway.","authors":"Kevin Poissenot, Julie Lemarchand, Fabien Cornilleau, Lucas Court, Didier Lomet, Joëlle Dupont, Brian K Follett, Massimiliano Beltramo, Ludovic Calandreau, Hugues Dardente","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250390","url":null,"abstract":"The neuroendocrine control of seasonal breeding in vertebrates depends upon a TSH/DIO2-3 pathway located in the medio-basal hypothalamus. In male quail, early data demonstrated that this photoperiodic control is independent of testosterone. At least two strong predictions arise from this. First, testosterone is unlikely to exert any significant feedback upon the expression of Tsh/Dio2/Dio3. Second, in situations where photoperiod is invariable but reproductive output differs amongst individuals, differential expression of Tsh, and/or Dio2/Dio3 may be expected. Here we validate these two predictions. First, using castration/implantation in male quails maintained under a long photoperiod we show that expression of Tsh/Dio2/Dio3 is testosterone-independent, while aggressiveness and cognitive behaviours are testosterone-driven. Second, taking advantage of the large inter-individual variability in the response to short days (i.e. phenotypic morphs) of the gonadal axis we demonstrate that the magnitude in the decrease of testes weight, size of the cloacal gland and testosterone plasma level, positively associate with levels of induction of Dio3 and repression of Dio2. In contrast, a uniformly low expression of Tshb expression is found in all morphs. These data provide strong evidence that the TSH/DIO2-3 pathway governs the reproductive axis in male quail independently of testosterone. Furthermore, findings are consistent with the notion that substantial uncoupling in the photoperiodic TSH/DIO2-3 pathway is responsible for the reproductive polyphenisms.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prior cuing affects saccades to targets in the praying mantis, Sphodromantis lineola. 先前的线索会影响螳螂对目标的扫视。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249296

Théo Robert, Tan Yi Ting, Dune Ganot, Yi Jie Loh, Vivek Nityananda

{"title":"Prior cuing affects saccades to targets in the praying mantis, Sphodromantis lineola.","authors":"Théo Robert, Tan Yi Ting, Dune Ganot, Yi Jie Loh, Vivek Nityananda","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249296","url":null,"abstract":"External cues bias human attention and the perception of subsequent targets. Little is known about how cue properties, such as depth, influence insect attention. One robust cue to depth is stereoscopic disparity, the difference in the position of an object in the views of the two eyes. Praying mantises are known to use disparity to judge the distance to prey and are therefore ideal insect models to investigate its role in attention. We investigated how three cue properties- position, duration and stereoscopic disparity affect mantis selective attention towards subsequent targets. We fitted mantises with 3D glasses and presented them with a cue in 2D or in 3D, followed by two 3D stimuli: a high contrast target and a distractor at different contrasts. Our results show that cue position and distractor contrast had the most influence on responses to targets, with no strong effect of disparity. Compared to the Uncued condition, cues in two of our disparity conditions reduced target responses if presented on the opposite side of the screen, when the distractor was absent. The cues affected subsequent selective attention even when they did not themselves attract head saccades, suggesting covert but not overt attention to the cues. Our results show that the position of prior cues can affect mantis selective attention and add further evidence for the complexity of attention-like processes in insects.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecosystem engineers on tropical reefs in transition: giant barrel sponges in the Anthropocene. 热带珊瑚礁转型中的生态系统工程师：人类世的巨桶海绵。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250082

Joseph R Pawlik

{"title":"Ecosystem engineers on tropical reefs in transition: giant barrel sponges in the Anthropocene.","authors":"Joseph R Pawlik","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250082","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical coral reef ecosystems are changing rapidly to an alternative state in which sponges are the dominant living habitat, with giant barrel sponges (GBSs, Xestospongia spp.) representing the largest biomass. Unlike other benthic reef organisms, GBSs are ecosystem engineers that pump large volumes of seawater, disrupting the benthic boundary layer and directing flow away from the reef surface and into the water column. The morphology and size of GBSs have made them particularly good experimental subjects to study the hydraulics of sponge pumping and the transformation that occurs as seawater is processed by the sponge holobiont (sponge cells and microbial symbionts). This Review is part of a series marking the 100th birthday of The Company of Biologists, which was founded by marine biologist George Parker Bidder III, who primarily worked on sponges. The Review provides an integrative assessment of research on GBSs with comparisons with what is known about other marine sponges. Recent discoveries suggest that ancient lineages of morphologically indistinguishable GBSs are responding to environmental changes over sub-decadal time periods to rapidly populate reefs stripped of coral cover by climate change. If GBSs remain robust to rising seawater temperatures, they will become the greatest source of habitat complexity on reefs of the future, so knowledge of their biology and physiology will be important to our understanding of these ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0