Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第2页

Fish gut plasticity and its role as a potential mechanism for coping with warming and hypoxia. 鱼类肠道可塑性及其作为应对气候变暖和缺氧的潜在机制的作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249672

Harriet R Goodrich

{"title":"Fish gut plasticity and its role as a potential mechanism for coping with warming and hypoxia.","authors":"Harriet R Goodrich","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249672","url":null,"abstract":"The fish gut plays a critical role in nutrient absorption, growth, immune response modulation, health and overall homeostasis. It also represents one of the most energetically expensive organ systems to maintain and demonstrates remarkable plasticity, including changes in morphology, function and cellular-level processes in response to environmental factors. Despite its importance and known capacity for plasticity, the role of the gut in fish responses to environmental change, such as warming and hypoxia, has been historically overlooked. For example, compared with research on the plasticity of other organ systems, such as the heart and gills, studies on how the fish gut influences whole-animal responses to stressors remain scarce. This Review addresses this disparity by highlighting the plasticity of the teleost gastrointestinal system and how this plasticity might drive responses to both long-term climate change and acute environmental fluctuations. It discusses the underlying mechanisms of gut plasticity, including cellular and molecular responses (e.g. changes in gene expression and transporter localisation), as well as structural and functional adjustments, including changes in organ size and length. This Review concludes with a call to action for targeted research aimed at advancing our understanding of fish gut plasticity and its role in fish responses to environmental change, with a specific focus on warming and hypoxia. Closing these knowledge gaps will allow scientists to better predict and mitigate the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems and food production systems, such as fisheries and aquaculture, and will contribute to management action aimed at conserving marine and freshwater biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish. 肠道酸化的进化见解：基底脊椎动物盲鳗的无脊椎类机制。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249641

Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss

{"title":"Evolutionary insights into gut acidification: invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish.","authors":"Alyssa M Weinrauch, Garfield T Kwan, Marina Giacomin, Ian A Bouyoucos, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G Goss","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249641","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249641","url":null,"abstract":"Acidification is a key component of digestion throughout metazoans. The gut digestive fluid of many invertebrates is acidified by the vesicular-type H+-ATPase (VHA). In contrast, vertebrates generate acidic gut fluids using the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (HKA), an evolutionary innovation linked with the appearance of a true stomach that greatly improves digestion, absorption and immune function. Hagfishes are the most basal extant vertebrates, and their mechanism of digestive acidification remains unclear. Herein, we report that the stomachless Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) acidify their gut using the VHA, and searches of E. stoutii gut transcriptomes and the genome of a closely related hagfish species (E. burgerii) indicate they lack HKA, consistent with its emergence following the 2R whole-genome duplication. Immunostaining revealed prominent VHA presence in the apical membrane of enterocytes and sub-apical expression of both VHA and soluble adenylyl cyclase. Interestingly, akin to vertebrates, VHA was also observed in immature pancreatic-like zymogen granules and was noticeably absent from the mature granules. Furthermore, isolated gut sacs from fed hagfish demonstrate increased VHA-dependent luminal H+ secretion that is stimulated by the cAMP pathway. Overall, these results suggest that the hagfish gut shares the trait of VHA-dependent acidification with invertebrates, while simultaneously performing some roles of the pancreas and intestine of gnathostomes.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-option of immune and digestive cellular machinery to support photosymbiosis in amoebocytes of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. 免疫和消化细胞机制的共同选择，以支持倒立水母（Cassiopea xamachana）变形虫细胞的光共生。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249849

Angus B Thies, Maitri Rangarajan-Paul, Daniel Wangpraseurt, Martin Tresguerres

{"title":"Co-option of immune and digestive cellular machinery to support photosymbiosis in amoebocytes of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana.","authors":"Angus B Thies, Maitri Rangarajan-Paul, Daniel Wangpraseurt, Martin Tresguerres","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249849","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249849","url":null,"abstract":"The upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea spp. host their algal symbionts inside a subset of amoebocytes, phagocytic cells that also play innate immune functions akin to macrophages from vertebrate animals. Amoebocyte precursors phagocytose algae from the jellyfish gut and store them inside intracellular compartments called symbiosomes. Subsequently, the precursors migrate to the mesoglea, differentiate into symbiotic amoebocytes, and roam throughout the jellyfish body, where the algae remain photosynthetically active and supply the jellyfish host with a significant portion of their organic carbon needs. Here, we show that the amoebocyte symbiosome membrane contains V-H+-ATPase (VHA), the proton pump that acidifies phagosomes and lysosomes in all eukaryotes. Many symbiotic amoebocytes also abundantly express a carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that reversibly hydrates CO2 into H+ and HCO3-. Moreover, we found that the symbiosome lumen is pronouncedly acidic and that pharmacological inhibition of VHA or CA activities significantly decreases photosynthetic oxygen production in live jellyfish. These results point to a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) that co-opts VHA and CA from the phago-lysosomal machinery that ubiquitously mediates food digestion and innate immune responses. Analogous VHA-dependent CCMs have been previously described in reef-building corals, anemones and giant clams; however, these other two cnidarians host their dinoflagellate algae inside gastrodermal cells - not in amoebocytes - and the clam hosts theirs within the gut lumen. Thus, our study identifies an example of convergent evolution at the cellular level that might broadly apply to invertebrate-microbe photosymbioses while also providing evolutionary links with intracellular and extracellular food digestion and the immune system.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How consistent is 'the dynamic gut'? Complex physiological responses to dietary fiber and protein across three rodent species. “动态肠道”的一致性如何？三种啮齿类动物对膳食纤维和蛋白质的复杂生理反应。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249797

Kevin D Kohl, Nick Barts, Karen Peralta Martínez, Anna Lackey, Emily Lyons, Matthew J Maier, Maya Maurer, Domenique Tripoli, Tate Yawitz, Rodolfo Martínez-Mota, Bret Pasch, M Denise Dearing, Brian K Trevelline

{"title":"How consistent is 'the dynamic gut'? Complex physiological responses to dietary fiber and protein across three rodent species.","authors":"Kevin D Kohl, Nick Barts, Karen Peralta Martínez, Anna Lackey, Emily Lyons, Matthew J Maier, Maya Maurer, Domenique Tripoli, Tate Yawitz, Rodolfo Martínez-Mota, Bret Pasch, M Denise Dearing, Brian K Trevelline","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249797","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249797","url":null,"abstract":"To efficiently digest food resources that may vary spatially and temporally, animals maintain physiological flexibility across levels of organization. For example, in response to dietary shifts, animals may exhibit changes in the expression of digestive enzymes, the size of digestive organs or the structure of their gut microbiome. A 'Grand Challenge' in comparative physiology is to understand how components of flexibility across organizational levels may scale to cumulatively determine organismal performance. Here, we conducted feeding trials on three rodent species with disparate feeding strategies: herbivorous montane voles (Microtus montanus), omnivorous white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and carnivorous grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus). For each species, four groups of individuals were presented with diets that varied in carbohydrate, fiber and protein content. After 4-5 weeks, we measured organismal performance in the form of nutrient digestibility (dry matter, nitrogen, fiber). We also measured gut anatomy and organ size, and conducted enzyme assays on various tissues to measure activities of carbohydrases and peptidases. We found some shared physiological responses, e.g. fiber generally increased gut size across species. However, the specifics of these responses were distinct across species, suggesting different capacities for flexibility. Thus, in the context of digestion, we still lack an understanding of how flexibility across organizational levels may scale to determine whole-animal performance.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Osmoregulatory contributions of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in the intestine of Atlantic salmon. 促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子系统在大西洋鲑鱼肠道中的渗透调节作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250052

Brett M Culbert, Stephen D McCormick, Nicholas J Bernier

{"title":"Osmoregulatory contributions of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in the intestine of Atlantic salmon.","authors":"Brett M Culbert, Stephen D McCormick, Nicholas J Bernier","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250052","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.250052","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of euryhaline fishes to tolerate different environmental salinities depends upon the flexibility of their osmoregulatory organs, including the intestine. Several endocrine pathways contribute to the coordination of osmoregulatory processes in the teleost intestine; however, while the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has established osmoregulatory actions in the mammalian intestine, it is unclear whether the intestinal CRF system serves similar functions in teleosts. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the CRF system contributes to osmoregulatory processes in the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We first showed using in vitro sac preparations that activation of CRF receptor type 2 (CRFR2) in the middle and posterior regions of the intestine reduces water, Na+ and Cl- absorption. However, co-activation of CRFR1 and CRFR2 inhibited water and Na+ absorption without affecting net Cl- absorption. We then assessed how the CRF system in the middle and posterior regions of the intestine was transcriptionally regulated during the seasonal acquisition of seawater tolerance (i.e. smoltification) and following changes in environmental salinity. Compared with parr, smolts had higher transcript levels of CRF ligands and this difference persisted following seawater transfer. Additionally, seawater transfer caused transient increases in transcription of urocortin 2 (ucn2) and crfr2 (posterior intestine only). Similar increases in ucn2 and crfr2 mRNA were observed following seawater to freshwater transfer of post-smolts. Our results indicate that the intestinal CRF system of Atlantic salmon contributes to osmoregulation during the initial days following changes in environmental salinity and that osmoregulatory actions of the intestinal CRF system are conserved across vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut bacterial and fungal communities of three rodent species respond uniquely to dietary fiber and protein manipulation. 三种啮齿类动物的肠道细菌和真菌群落对膳食纤维和蛋白质的操纵有独特的反应。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249794

Nick Barts, Brian K Trevelline, M Denise Dearing, Rodolfo Martínez-Mota, Bret Pasch, Kevin D Kohl

{"title":"Gut bacterial and fungal communities of three rodent species respond uniquely to dietary fiber and protein manipulation.","authors":"Nick Barts, Brian K Trevelline, M Denise Dearing, Rodolfo Martínez-Mota, Bret Pasch, Kevin D Kohl","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249794","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249794","url":null,"abstract":"Diet and host identity play fundamental roles in digestive physiology and the assembly of gut microbial communities. Research shows that microbial communities are plastic, with abundances of taxa and community interactions exhibiting changes in response to diet. Few studies considering the influence of diet on host and microbial plasticity disentangle the unique roles of specific nutrients, such as protein and fiber. Additionally, in the context of host-microbiome interactions, few studies have explored how host dietary strategies shape the plastic responses of microbial communities within the host digestive tract. To address these current gaps, we fed rodents with distinct dietary strategies (Peromyscus leucopus, Microtus montanus and Onychomys torridus) diets varying in fiber and protein content. Species varied in the degree of cecum size plasticity, with the carnivore showing no significant changes and the omnivore responding to both fiber and protein manipulation. There were also differences in the diversity indices of bacterial and fungal communities across hosts, and the microbes driving those differences were largely unique across rodent species. Additionally, community network interactions varied across treatments, and hub taxa that play a role in regulating network properties were identified. For example, bacteria in the Eubacterium groups, which are known to aid in fiber fermentation, were identified as hub taxa in all three species, but no group shared the same Eubacterium as a hub taxa. Overall, our data suggest that hosts with unique dietary strategies and their microbiomes respond uniquely to changes in the nutrient composition of their diets.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adding a marker of gut integrity: an example of experimental augmentation as applied in Eisenia fetida. 添加一种肠道完整性标记物：在臭Eisenia fetida试验中应用的一个例子。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249817

Sarah Beth Redmond, Aidan Bridge

引用次数: 0

Short experimental heatwaves have sublethal impacts on male reproduction in a model insect. 短暂的实验热浪对模式昆虫的雄性生殖有亚致死的影响。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250555

Benjamin Cole, Ramakrishnan Vasudeva, Kay Dragoi, Josie Hibble, James King, Alexei A Maklakov, Tracey Chapman, Matthew J G Gage

引用次数: 0

Sex and mating success impact resource allocation and life history traits in Gryllus vocalis field crickets. 性别和交配成功对蟋蟀资源分配和生活史性状有影响。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249976

Madison F Von Deylen, Susan N Gershman, Agustí Muñoz-Garcia

引用次数: 0

An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings. 免疫挑战影响野生斑椋鸟雏鸟的生长动力学、氧化应激和存活率。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250556

Daniel Parejo-Pulido, Silvia Casquero, Ana Á Romero-Haro, Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez

{"title":"An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings.","authors":"Daniel Parejo-Pulido, Silvia Casquero, Ana Á Romero-Haro, Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250556","url":null,"abstract":"The activation of the immune system in response to a pathogen infection can impose significant costs on growth and oxidative stress. Developing individuals are particularly vulnerable to this challenge, as their physiological systems are still maturing and their rapid growth to achieve an optimal size is resource demanding. Here, we investigated the costs in terms of growth and oxidative stress of an experimentally induced immune challenge in wild spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) nestlings. To this aim, individuals were injected with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an antigen that triggers an immune response, or a control substance (PBS) in a within-brood design. Although the immune activation impaired the rate of body mass gain within the first 6h after the challenge, nestlings subsequently showed an accelerated increase in mass within the following 18h, reaching a similar body mass to the Controls by the next day. This represents a compensation ('catch-up growth') occurring within as little as 6h to 24h after the challenge. Despite this compensation, initially smaller challenged nestlings showed reduced body mass and survival rates by 8 days after treatment compared to smaller Control nestlings. The induced immune challenge also led to increased plasma levels of oxidative damage (reactive oxygen metabolites, ROMs) and antioxidant capacity (OXY), supporting the oxidative cost of immune system activation. These findings highlight the costs of mounting an immune response during early life, characterized by an altered growth dynamic and increased oxidative damage, and the condition-dependence of these effects.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0