Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第3页

Positive consequences of group living among male bats during spermatogenesis.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250058

Ewa Komar, Paulina A Szafrańska, Dina K N Dechmann, Lara Keicher, Dominika Koprowska, J Ryan Shipley, Ireneusz Ruczyński

{"title":"Positive consequences of group living among male bats during spermatogenesis.","authors":"Ewa Komar, Paulina A Szafrańska, Dina K N Dechmann, Lara Keicher, Dominika Koprowska, J Ryan Shipley, Ireneusz Ruczyński","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250058","url":null,"abstract":"1. Energy can be limiting, especially for small animals with high metabolisms, particularly if they rely on ephemeral resources. Some energy-saving strategies, such as torpor, can impair physiological processes. Alternatively, group living can reduce energetic costs through social thermoregulation. This may allow individuals to maintain a high metabolism as well as processes such as gamete production. Although group living is common, its energetic benefits for heterothermic individuals during the season of sperm production have yet to be investigated. 2. We remotely quantified the daily energy expenditures of individual parti-coloured bats (Vespertilio murinus) kept solitarily and in groups during the period of spermatogenesis, using high-resolution heart rate monitoring. 3. Data showed that the energetic benefits of group living are complex. In groups, individual daily energy expenditures were more than 50% lower. Group roosting reduced the cost of thermoregulation during normothermia and allowed for a decrease in the depth, but not the duration, of torpor. 4. Group living may enable bats to buffer unfavorable environmental conditions. Energy saved this way can then be invested into fitness-relevant processes potentially making this a driver of the evolution of male sociality.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The directional control of phototaxis in sea stars (Protoreaster nodosus).

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249293

Theodora Po, Lenny Korob, Matthew J McHenry

{"title":"The directional control of phototaxis in sea stars (Protoreaster nodosus).","authors":"Theodora Po, Lenny Korob, Matthew J McHenry","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249293","url":null,"abstract":"Sea stars control hundreds of tube feet to navigate their environment with a rudimentary nervous system. Tube feet are capable of responding to stimuli without descending nervous commands and it is therefore unclear to what extent tactic orientation emerges through the collective action of the tube feet or is guided by central control. We therefore performed behavioral experiments to test models of neuromechanical control in a sea star (Protoreaster nodosus). We found that animals moved rapidly along relatively straight trajectories when exposed to light, but slowly crawled along circuitous paths in random directions in the dark. To remove mechanical interactions with the substrate, we measured the kinematics of tube feet in inverted sea stars that exhibited crawling when in contact with the water's surface. The tube feet throughout the body of these animals moved with power strokes in a similar direction when the animals were exposed to light, which is consistent with central control. This contrasts the variety of directions for power strokes exhibited without illumination. These findings support of a model of navigational control where directionless body motion emerges from collective mechanics in the dark, but is guided by the nervous system when exposed to light. In this manner, sea stars navigate through a combination of collective and central control.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasticity in voltage-gated ion channels following overwintering in respiratory motoneurons of American bullfrogs.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249687

Renato Filogonio, Sandy E Saunders, Michael Gray, Jose A Viteri, Joseph M Santin

{"title":"Plasticity in voltage-gated ion channels following overwintering in respiratory motoneurons of American bullfrogs.","authors":"Renato Filogonio, Sandy E Saunders, Michael Gray, Jose A Viteri, Joseph M Santin","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249687","url":null,"abstract":"Many animals undergo prolonged dormancy periods to survive cold or dry environments. While humans and most laboratory-based mammals experience a loss of neuromuscular function during inactivity, hibernators possess physiological mechanisms to mitigate this loss. The American bullfrog provides an extreme model of this phenomenon, as brainstem circuits that generate breathing are completely inactive during underwater hibernation, during which motoneurons employ various types of synaptic plasticity to ensure adequate respiratory motor output in the spring. In addition to synapses, voltage-gated ion channels may undergo plasticity to boost neuronal output. Therefore, we hypothesized that motoneuron excitability would also be enhanced after hibernation via alterations in voltage-gated ion channels. We used whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology to measure membrane excitability and activities of several voltage-gated channels (K+, Ca2+, Na+) from motoneurons that innervate muscles of the buccal pump (hypoglossal) and glottal dilator (vagal). Surprisingly, compared to controls, overwintered hypoglossal motoneurons displayed multiple indices of reduced excitability (hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, lower firing rates, greater lag to first spike). Mechanistically, this occurred via enhanced voltage-gated K+ and reduced Ca2+ channel activity. In contrast, vagal motoneurons excitability was unaltered, but exhibited altered ion channel profiles which seemed to stabilize neuronal output, involving either reduced Ca2+ or K+ currents. Therefore, different motoneurons of the same neuromuscular behavior respond differently to overwintering by altering the function of voltage-gated channels. We suggest divergent responses may reflect different energetic demands of these neurons and/or their specific contribution to breathing and other orofacial behaviors.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing recovery of Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors with different wavelengths of red and infrared light.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250043

Michael Meece, Shubham Rathore, Diego Zagazeta, Elke K Buschbeck

{"title":"Assessing recovery of Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors with different wavelengths of red and infrared light.","authors":"Michael Meece, Shubham Rathore, Diego Zagazeta, Elke K Buschbeck","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250043","url":null,"abstract":"It has previously been shown that near-infrared light can positively affect the physiology of damaged tissue. This is likely mediated by the modulation of metabolic activity via cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the rate of ATP production, and generation of reactive oxygen species. It has been suggested that this process can be influenced by light, with different wavelengths potentially having different efficacy. The impact of these effects on retinal health is not yet well understood. To answer this question, we first induced photoreceptor damage in the eyes of white mutant D. melanogaster through prolonged exposure to bright light. We then investigated the recovery of retinal health following exposure to different wavelengths of near-infrared light (670, 750, 810, 850, and 950 nm) over the course of 10 days. Retinal health was assessed through electroretinograms and fluorescent imaging of live photoreceptors. We found that all treatments except for 950 nm light facilitated the recovery of the electroretinogram response in previously light-damaged flies - though efficacy varied across treatments. All near-infrared exposed groups showed at least some improvement in retinal organization and auto-fluorescence compared to an untreated recovery control. We also showed that our results do not stem from a fly specific artifact relating to opsin photoconversion. Finally, we made use of a bioassay to show enhanced ATP levels in light treatments. This study represents a much-needed direct comparison of the effect of a multitude of different wavelengths and contributes to an emerging body of literature that highlights the promise of phototherapy.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using physiologically-based models to predict in vivo skeletal muscle energetics.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249966

Ryan N Konno, Glen A Lichtwark, Taylor J M Dick

{"title":"Using physiologically-based models to predict in vivo skeletal muscle energetics.","authors":"Ryan N Konno, Glen A Lichtwark, Taylor J M Dick","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249966","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how muscles use energy is essential for elucidating the role of skeletal muscle in animal locomotion. Yet, experimental measures of in vivo muscle energetics are challenging to obtain, so physiologically-based muscle models are often used to estimate energy use. These predictions of individual muscle energy expenditure are not often compared to indirect whole-body measures of energetic cost. Here, we examined and illustrated the capability of physiologically-based muscle models to predict in vivo measures of energy use, which rely on fundamental relationships between muscle mechanical state and energy consumption. To improve model predictions and ensure a physiological basis for model parameters, we refined our model to include data from isolated muscle experiments and account for inefficiencies in ATP recovery processes. Simulations were performed to capture three different experimental protocols, which involved varying contraction frequency, duty cycle, and muscle fascicle length. Our results demonstrated the ability of the model to capture the dependence of energetic cost on mechanical state across contractile conditions, but tended to under predict the magnitude of energetic cost. Our analysis revealed that the model was most sensitive to the force-velocity parameters and the data informing the energetic parameters when predicting in vivo energetic rates. This work highlights it is the mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction that govern muscle energy use, although the precise physiological parameters for human muscle likely require detailed investigation.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic reaction norms highlight metabolic depression as a divergence in phenotypic plasticity between oyster species under ocean acidification.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249458

Mathieu Lutier, Fabrice Pernet, Vincent Vanaa, Carole Di Poi, Jérémy Le Luyer

{"title":"Transcriptomic reaction norms highlight metabolic depression as a divergence in phenotypic plasticity between oyster species under ocean acidification.","authors":"Mathieu Lutier, Fabrice Pernet, Vincent Vanaa, Carole Di Poi, Jérémy Le Luyer","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249458","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean acidification occurs at a rate unprecedented for millions of years, forcing sessile organisms, such as oysters, to respond in the short term by relying on their phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity has limits, tipping points, beyond which species will have to adapt or disappear. These limits could be related to the adaptation of species to different habitat variabilities. Here we expose juvenile pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera, to a broad range of pH and determine the response at the gross physiological, lipidome and transcriptome levels. Thus, we identify its high tolerance with low tipping points at pH 7.3-6.8 below which most physiological parameters are impacted. We then compare the transcriptomic reaction norms of the tropical subtidal P. margaritifera, with those of an intertidal temperate oyster, Crassostrea gigas, reusing data from a previous study. Despite showing similar tipping points with C. gigas, P. margaritifera exhibits strong mortalities and depletion of energy reserves below the tipping points, which is not the case for C. gigas. This divergence relies mainly on the induction of metabolic depression, an adaptation to intertidal habitats in C. gigas, but not in P. margaritifera. Our method makes it possible to detect divergences in phenotypic plasticity, probably linked to the species' specific life-history strategies related to different habitats, which will determine the survival of species to ongoing global changes. Such an approach is particularly relevant for studying the physiology of species in a world where physiological tipping points will be increasingly exceeded.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Announcing the 2024 Journal of Experimental Biology Outstanding Paper Prize shortlist and winner. 公布 2024 年《实验生物学杂志》优秀论文奖入围名单和获奖者名单。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250344

Kathryn Knight

引用次数: 0

Exposure to sub-optimal temperature during early development decreases hypoxia tolerance in juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus. 在发育早期暴露于较低的温度会降低异交底藻幼体的缺氧耐受性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249308

Tessa S Blanchard, Madison L Earhart, Nicholas Strowbridge, Patricia M Schulte

{"title":"Exposure to sub-optimal temperature during early development decreases hypoxia tolerance in juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus.","authors":"Tessa S Blanchard, Madison L Earhart, Nicholas Strowbridge, Patricia M Schulte","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249308","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249308","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-protection occurs when exposure to one stressor confers heightened tolerance against a different stressor. Alternatively, exposure to one stressor could result in reduced tolerance against other stressors. Although cross-protection has been documented in a wide range of taxa at juvenile and adult life stages, whether early developmental exposure to a stressor confers cross-protection or reduced tolerance to other stressors later in life through developmental plasticity remains largely unexplored. In this study, we examined whether altered temperature during embryonic development results in developmental plasticity in upper thermal tolerance or hypoxia tolerance using a small topminnow, Fundulus heteroclitus, and examined potential underlying molecular mechanisms. We incubated embryos at one of two ecologically relevant temperatures (20°C or 26°C) until hatch. Once hatched, fish were raised at a common temperature of 20°C for 1 year, and tolerance was assessed in both juveniles (6 months) and early adults (1 year). Developmental temperature had no significant effect on thermal tolerance (CTmax) in juvenile fish, or on the transcript abundance of thermal tolerance-related genes (constitutive heat shock proteins, hsc70, hsp90b). In contrast, reduced developmental temperature decreased hypoxia tolerance but increased transcript levels of the hypoxia inducible factor hif1α in juvenile fish but the effects were less evident in older fish. Overall, we found no indication of developmental plasticity for thermal tolerance, but there was evidence of negative impacts of lower developmental temperature on hypoxia tolerance in juveniles associated with changes in gene expression, providing evidence of developmental plasticity across stressors and levels of organization.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating biomechanics, energetics and ecology perspectives in locomotion.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249585

Andrew A Biewener, Alan M Wilson

引用次数: 0

Integrating muscle energetics into biomechanical models to understand variance in the cost of movement.

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.248022

Glen A Lichtwark, Luke N Jessup, Ryan N Konno, Cristian D Riveros-Matthey, Taylor J M Dick

{"title":"Integrating muscle energetics into biomechanical models to understand variance in the cost of movement.","authors":"Glen A Lichtwark, Luke N Jessup, Ryan N Konno, Cristian D Riveros-Matthey, Taylor J M Dick","doi":"10.1242/jeb.248022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.248022","url":null,"abstract":"In this Review, we explore the state of the art of biomechanical models for estimating energy consumption during terrestrial locomotion. We consider different mechanical models that provide a solid framework to understand movement energetics from the perspective of force and work requirements. Whilst such models are highly informative, they lack specificity for predicting absolute metabolic rates across a range of species or variations in movement patterns. Muscles consume energy when they activate to generate tension, as well as when they shorten to generate positive work. Phenomenological muscle models incorporating steady-state parameters have been developed and are able to reproduce how muscle fibre energy consumption changes under different contractile conditions; however, such models are difficult to validate when scaled up to whole muscle. This is, in part, owing to limited availability of data that relate muscle dynamics to energetic rates during contraction of large mammalian muscles. Furthermore, factors including the compliance of tendinous tissue, dynamic shape changes and motor unit recruitment can alter the dynamics of muscle contractile tissue and potentially improve muscle efficiency under some locomotion conditions. Despite the many challenges, energetic cost estimates derived from musculoskeletal models that simulate muscle function required to generate movement have been shown to reasonably predict changes in human metabolic rates under different movement conditions. However, accurate predictions of absolute metabolic rate are still elusive. We suggest that conceptual models may be adapted based on our understanding of muscle energetics to better predict the variance in movement energetics both within and between terrestrial species.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 Suppl_1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0