Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第3页

Beetling the heat - the diurnal Namib Desert beetle Onymacris plana cools by running. 为了躲避高温，纳米布沙漠的甲虫通过奔跑来降温。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250379

Carole S Roberts, Elizabeth L McClain, Mary K Seely, Duncan Mitchell, Victoria L Goodall, Joh R Henschel

{"title":"Beetling the heat - the diurnal Namib Desert beetle Onymacris plana cools by running.","authors":"Carole S Roberts, Elizabeth L McClain, Mary K Seely, Duncan Mitchell, Victoria L Goodall, Joh R Henschel","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250379","url":null,"abstract":"Onymacris plana (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a black beetle that runs at high speed for a pedestrian insect in direct solar radiation in the Namib Desert, a behaviour expected to impose potentially lethal body temperature within minutes. We measured the body temperature of beetles active in their natural habitat using fine thermocouples inserted into the prothorax. The measurements revealed that when beetles sprinted in conditions of low wind, high radiation and moderate ambient temperature, their body temperature dropped rather than rose. The effect depended on convective cooling and efficient locomotion, i.e., sprinting with low energy expenditure. We confirmed the convection effect in the laboratory by exposing beetles to combinations of radiation, air temperature and wind speed comparable to those found in the Namib Desert and simulating the forced convection of running in a headwind. Under these simulated conditions, peak radiation caused the temperature of stationary male beetles to rise at about 6°C min-1 and females at almost 4°C min-1. However, in wind-calm conditions at peak radiation, the convection of simulated running dropped the equilibrium body temperature of live beetles by about 13°C. We believe that ours is the first report of exercise-induced cooling in a pedestrian animal and that O. plana's diurnal lifestyle depends on that exercise-induced cooling.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-generational plasticity in Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) under the combined effects of hypoxia and acidification. 缺氧和酸化共同作用下大西洋银鱼的跨代可塑性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249726

Christopher S Murray, Ayanna Mays, Matthew Long, Neelakanteswar Aluru

{"title":"Cross-generational plasticity in Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) under the combined effects of hypoxia and acidification.","authors":"Christopher S Murray, Ayanna Mays, Matthew Long, Neelakanteswar Aluru","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249726","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the potential for cross-generational plasticity to influence how offspring respond to hypoxia and ocean acidification (hereafter HypOA) in the coastal forage fish Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia). Mature wild silversides were treated with a control (dissolved oxygen (DO):100% air saturation (a.s.) / pCO2: 650 µatm) or HypOA conditions (DO: 40% a.s. / pCO2: 2300 µatm) for 10 days prior to spawning. Their offspring were reared under both treatments in factorial experimental design. Parental environment had minimal effects on offspring phenotype: exposure to HypOA reduced survival and developmental rates regardless of parental treatment. However, RNAseq analysis revealed that direct offspring exposure to HypOA induced substantial transcriptional changes, with 1,606 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in larvae from control parents. These changes affected neural development, synaptic signaling, oxygen acquisition, and extracellular matrix organization. In contrast, larvae from HypOA-exposed parents exhibited a muted transcriptional response to HypOA, with only 4 DETs. Although we did not detect a statistically significant interaction between parental and offspring environments at the gene-wise level, a gene set test supported a consistent attenuation of expression changes in offspring from HypOA-treated parents. This pattern may be consistent with transcriptional frontloading, when stress-induced changes are retained and may modify future responses. However, because this effect did not improve offspring performance under HypOA, they are unlikely to represent an adaptive response. Instead, they may reflect non-adaptive carryover effects of parental exposure. Our findings highlight the potential for cross-generational effects to shape transcriptional plasticity, even in the absence of benefits to offspring.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral recovery profiling of cockroaches stung by the venomous wasp Ampulex compressa. 被毒蜂刺痛的蟑螂行为恢复分析。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249768

S Borbor, S Nordio, F Libersat

引用次数: 0

Long-term salinity exposure reveals site-specific physiological and behavioral responses in coastal and inland toads. 长期的盐度暴露揭示了沿海和内陆蟾蜍对特定地点的生理和行为反应。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250671

Léa Lorrain-Soligon, Leïla Barrouillet, Olivier Lourdais, Mathieu Plateau, Timothé Bizon, Frédéric Angelier, Cécile Ribout, Charline Parenteau, Marko Jankovic, Frédéric Robin, François Brischoux

{"title":"Long-term salinity exposure reveals site-specific physiological and behavioral responses in coastal and inland toads.","authors":"Léa Lorrain-Soligon, Leïla Barrouillet, Olivier Lourdais, Mathieu Plateau, Timothé Bizon, Frédéric Angelier, Cécile Ribout, Charline Parenteau, Marko Jankovic, Frédéric Robin, François Brischoux","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250671","url":null,"abstract":"Salinization is a global phenomenon affecting many coastal and inland water bodies at unprecedented rates, and having multiple consequences for wildlife, mostly due to the high metabolic cost of osmoregulation. Most research on salinity effects has focused on juvenile life stages and short-term exposures. In this study, we evaluated the impact of chronic exposure (7 months) to environmental salinity (0, 2 or 4 g.l-1) in adult individuals of a widespread amphibian species, the spined toad (Bufo spinosus), originating either from coastal (salt-exposed) or inland (naïve to salinity) environments. Coastal and inland individuals, irrespective of exposure to salinity, differed post-exposure in telomeres length, cutaneous permeability, defensiveness and foraging behaviors, but unexpectedly not in triiodothyronine and testosterone levels, and mass-specific metabolic rates. As pre-exposure data were unavailable for some of these traits (metaolic rate, cutaneous permeability, and behavior), these differences may reflect either intrinsic population-level variation or population-specific responses to treatment. Coastal individuals exhibited compensatory growth in freshwater, suggesting differential energy allocation. Chronic exposure to moderate salinity increased osmolality and triiodothyronine levels while reducing growth and preferred temperature. Interestingly, defensiveness and thermal preference were more affected by exposure to salinity in coastal individuals. Despite their saline environment, they also showed higher cutaneous evaporative water loss, potentially facilitating water uptake to counter salinity stress. Our study demonstrates that salinization can have negative effects on critical traits of adult anurans, and emphasizes the importance to increase research effort on the impact of salinity on wildlife including both experimental and long-term field studies.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spider egg sacs reveal how pockets of air can be used to conserve water. 蜘蛛卵囊揭示了空气如何被用来保存水分。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250298

Katherine Q Karkosiak, Ravi Z Schwartz, Hunter King, Todd A Blackledge

{"title":"Spider egg sacs reveal how pockets of air can be used to conserve water.","authors":"Katherine Q Karkosiak, Ravi Z Schwartz, Hunter King, Todd A Blackledge","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250298","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.250298","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling water transport across surfaces is essential for all living organisms. Spider egg sacs are multifunctional membranes that protect eggs and spiderlings from the external environment. Past research gives conflicting results about whether these mats of silk fibers reduce evaporation of water in part because the diffusive resistance of any membrane cannot be measured independently of the system in which it is studied. We developed a model to describe water vapor transport across porous surfaces that includes the important roles of the gap space underneath the membrane and the boundary layer on the outside of the membrane in controlling water vapor flux, in addition to the relative impermeability of the membrane itself. The model accurately predicts diffusive resistance of a variety of synthetic surfaces from empirical studies, as well as the egg sacs of the black widow Latrodectus hesperus and the garden spider Argiope aurantia. We show that 'typical' spider egg sac membranes offer surprisingly low diffusive resistance to water because they are highly porous at microscopic scales. However, silk egg sacs still play key roles in controlling water loss by preserving and defining an internal region of stagnant air that often dominates the diffusive resistance of the whole system. Our model provides a tool to explore diverse spider egg sac geometries, but can also be adopted to fit a variety of systems to facilitate comparison and engineering of diffusive resistance across membranes.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary effects on cardiac lipid composition, mitochondrial respiration, stress proteins and thermal tolerance in the American lobster (Homarus americanus). 饮食对美洲龙虾（Homarus americanus）心脏脂质组成、线粒体呼吸、应激蛋白和耐热性的影响

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249572

Melissa C Butler, Yulica Santos-Ortega, Calvin P H Vary, Anyonya R Guntur, Ilka M Pinz, Markus Frederich

{"title":"Dietary effects on cardiac lipid composition, mitochondrial respiration, stress proteins and thermal tolerance in the American lobster (Homarus americanus).","authors":"Melissa C Butler, Yulica Santos-Ortega, Calvin P H Vary, Anyonya R Guntur, Ilka M Pinz, Markus Frederich","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249572","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249572","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids are fundamental components of many biological structures, and their composition is partially diet dependent. Differences in lipid composition can impact the functioning of cellular membranes and proteins, subsequently altering the organism's ability to respond to environmental conditions. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is an economically important shellfish in New England and is frequently kept in lobster impoundments (pounds) for prolonged periods, typically on a diet of herring, which differs from the natural diet of wild-caught lobsters. In this study, we compared the lipid composition of lobster muscle, heart and hepatopancreas from wild-caught and from pound-kept lobsters that were fed either herring or blue mussels. We performed lipidomic analysis, measured mitochondrial function, determined gene expression of cellular stress markers and evaluated thermal stress tolerance by assessing heart and ventilation rate, as well as hemolymph oxygenation during a fast progressive temperature challenge. We found a significant shift in lipid composition in pound-kept lobster hearts together with reduced mitochondrial function, and increased gene transcription of the cellular stress markers HSP70 and AMPK, indicating a worse nutritional state, compared with wild-fed lobsters. The changes did not lead to a shift in thermal thresholds, indicating a substantial plasticity and tolerance to compensate for adverse diet-induced conditions. This study mechanistically links diet, lipid composition, mitochondrial function and thermal tolerance and highlights the need for a more detailed understanding of cellular processes to understand climate change-induced impacts on marine invertebrates.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wrapping the transverse foot arch improves running economy. 包裹横足弓可以提高跑步的经济性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250566

Hui Tang, Owen N Beck

{"title":"Wrapping the transverse foot arch improves running economy.","authors":"Hui Tang, Owen N Beck","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250566","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have more curved transverse foot arches than extant apes. Through cross-axis coupling, greater transverse foot arch curvature stiffens the overall foot. Due to the functional implications of evolved human foot arch mechanics, we investigated whether tightly wrapping participant transverse foot arches, which accentuates evolved features of transverse and medial longitudinal foot arches, facilitates bipedal running. Overall, wrapping participant transverse arches accentuated the evolved characteristics of transverse arch height and curvature (both d≥1.04, p<0.001), as well as longitudinal arch height and stiffness (both d≥0.64, p≤0.022). Running with wrapped versus bare transverse arches reduced participant leg muscle activation (d=0.57, p=0.043) and whole-body metabolic power (d=0.66, p=0.018). Mechanistically, running with wrapped versus bare transverse foot arches increased peak ankle gear ratio (d=0.60, p=0.031), enabling user ankles to produce mechanical power (avg and peak d≤0.07, p≥0.179) using slower angular velocities (d=0.57, p=0.038). Notably, stiffening the medial longitudinal foot arch did not increase its mechanical energy recycling during running (d=0.03, p=0.914). Therefore, wrapping the transverse foot arch facilitates running by enabling leg muscles to operate more economically. Our findings motivate the notion that the evolved curvature of human transverse foot arches may have been naturally selected to increase overall foot stiffness and facilitate bipedal running.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-adult mortality: should we care about it, and what can we do about it? 成年前死亡率：我们应该关心它吗？我们能做些什么？

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250399

Tony D Williams

{"title":"Pre-adult mortality: should we care about it, and what can we do about it?","authors":"Tony D Williams","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250399","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.250399","url":null,"abstract":"In a wide range of taxa, most individuals have zero fitness: they die before reproducing. In this Commentary, I first confirm that across taxa - from Drosophila to elephant seals to trees - pre-adult mortality is the norm, with ∼60-90% of offspring dying before reproduction. Two seemingly opposite, though not mutually exclusive, hypotheses explain who dies: (1) that this is simply due to stochastic events, a matter of chance or luck, or (2) that it involves selective disappearance, with the loss of low-quality individuals with specific phenotypic traits associated with low survival. I then review (a) what we know about (physiological) phenotypes early in development, at independence, (b) whether these might become fixed in early development, and (c) whether these traits are repeatable or labile during ontogeny, forming targets of selection determining fitness (cf. adult phenotype). I highlight four reasons to care about pre-adult mortality in current, experimental studies: (1) identifying the phenotypic traits (and physiology) determining life's winners and losers is a significant knowledge gap and worthy research goal; (2) it should matter if our study populations comprise a random sample of individuals (chance) or a 'biased' high-quality subset of individuals (selective disappearance); (3) we typically create conditions to minimize mortality in laboratory populations, but these are then totally different from natural populations (with high pre-reproductive mortality); and (4) if individuals that make it to reproduction are all high-quality individuals, the 'best of the best', this might explain the seeming absence of, or failure to detect, trade-offs and costs.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Filaments repel while muscles propel: conservation of energy explains length-dependent lattice spacing in sarcomeres. 细丝排斥而肌肉推进：能量守恒解释了肌节中与长度相关的晶格间距。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250380

Robert Rockenfeller

引用次数: 0

Artificial light at night weakens body condition but does not negatively affect physiological markers of health in great tits. 夜间人造光会削弱身体状况，但不会对大山雀的健康生理指标产生负面影响。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249926

Rachel R Reid, Neal Dawson, Neil P Evans, Christopher Mitchell, Jelle Boonekamp, Davide M Dominoni

{"title":"Artificial light at night weakens body condition but does not negatively affect physiological markers of health in great tits.","authors":"Rachel R Reid, Neal Dawson, Neil P Evans, Christopher Mitchell, Jelle Boonekamp, Davide M Dominoni","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249926","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249926","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanisation brings many novel challenges for wildlife through changes to the natural environment; one of the most unprecedented of these modifications is artificial light at night (ALAN). ALAN has been shown to have profound effects on the behaviour and physiology of many wildlife species, which in turn have negative consequences for fitness and survival. Despite increasing knowledge of the mechanisms by which ALAN can affect health, studies that have investigated this relationship have found contrasting results. This study investigated the impact of ALAN on health biomarkers in 13 day old great tit (Parus major) nestlings including malondialdehyde levels (a measure of oxidative damage), antioxidant capacity of plasma, feather corticosterone levels and scaled mass index. Immediately after hatching, broods were either exposed to 1.8 lx of ALAN until day 13 or left unexposed. ALAN treatment significantly reduced scaled mass index but there were no clear negative effects of ALAN on malondialdehyde levels, antioxidant capacity or corticosterone levels. This demonstrates that only certain aspects of health are impacted by early-life ALAN, highlighting the importance of future studies measuring several biomarkers of health when investigating this relationship. Nestlings that fledge the nest in poor body condition have a decreased chance of surviving into adulthood. As urbanisation continues to expand, the negative effects of ALAN on wildlife are likely to become more pronounced. Therefore, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of this relationship.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0