Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第3页

A general mechanism of air-borne hearing in recent and early non-tympanate tetrapods. 新近和早期非鼓室四足动物空气传播听力的一般机制。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251719

Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, Tanya Bojesen Lauridsen, Grace Capshaw, Catherine E Carr

{"title":"A general mechanism of air-borne hearing in recent and early non-tympanate tetrapods.","authors":"Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, Tanya Bojesen Lauridsen, Grace Capshaw, Catherine E Carr","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251719","url":null,"abstract":"Tetrapod tympanic hearing probably emerged in the Triassic with independent origins of middle ear structures in each of the major groups, more than 120 Myr after the origin of tetrapods. During this period, any auditory sensitivity must have been based on non-tympanic mechanisms. We focus on the simplest model for non-tympanic hearing: that sound translates the head, and that this vibration is transduced by the inner ear. This is the mode of human low-frequency bone conduction sensitivity and is also the mode of underwater auditory stimulation for most fishes. The efficiency of translation of an object by sound depends on its density and ka, the product of the acoustic wavenumber (k) and the radius (a) of the head. Analytic and simple finite-element models of translation show that head vibration velocities largely are determined by ka and density (for objects of the same shape and composition) and are almost constant (between 4 and 5 µm/s/Pa (neglecting friction) for objects with ka<1. We compare sensitivity to sound and to head vibrations in animals lacking tympanic middle ears (snakes, salamanders, earless frogs, and lungfish) and show that the low-frequency air-borne sound sensitivity in these species is largely consistent with a translation mechanism. Stimulation of the inner ear by sound translation is likely by an inertial system like the otolithic/otoconial ears of fish and early tetrapods or by fluid inertia in the inner ear generating hydrodynamic waves that stimulate the hair cells, providing a simple mode of sound reception in earless animals.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The biarticularity of the gastrocnemii muscles provides relevant mechanisms for managing drop-like gait perturbations in humans. 腓肠肌的双关节性为管理人类滴状步态扰动提供了相关机制。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252394

Christos Theodorakis, Sebastian Bohm, Falk Mersmann, Adamantios Arampatzis

{"title":"The biarticularity of the gastrocnemii muscles provides relevant mechanisms for managing drop-like gait perturbations in humans.","authors":"Christos Theodorakis, Sebastian Bohm, Falk Mersmann, Adamantios Arampatzis","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.252394","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the ankle-to-knee and knee-to-ankle joint energy transfer via the biarticular gastrocnemii muscles during unpredictable and adapted drop-like gait perturbations to understand how biarticular mechanisms of the gastrocnemii contribute to the mechanical work performed by the Achilles tendon (AT) force at the ankle joint. This has been done by measuring AT elongation and quantifying AT force as an indicator of the triceps surae muscle forces, as well as the body kinematics and electromyographic activity of the soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles, in 17 participants. Biarticular mechanisms contributed significantly to both the negative and positive mechanical work performed by the AT force at the ankle joint during both types of drop-like perturbations, constituting 17% to 26% of this mechanical work. In particular, during the initial stance phase of unpredictable, drop-like perturbations, a significant proportion of energy (26% of the negative mechanical work done at the ankle joint) was transferred from the ankle to the knee joint via the biarticular gastrocnemii muscles. More importantly, the rate of this energy transfer was elevated during the unpredictable perturbations, when beneficial stability control mechanisms based on prediction are unavailable, compared to adapted ones. Finally, our findings imply that elastic tissues contribute significantly to managing drop-like perturbations, including energy storage and recoil in the AT and potential for elastic energy exchange in the vasti tendons during the energy transfer phases. These findings could inform the design of prevention treatments and bioengineering approaches, especially for improving stability control in uneven terrain.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First come, first served: Neuronal processing of multi-echo streams in the auditory cortex of echolocating bats. 先到先得：回声定位蝙蝠听觉皮层中多回声流的神经元处理。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252069

M Jerome Beetz, Manfred Kössl, Julio C Hechavarría

{"title":"First come, first served: Neuronal processing of multi-echo streams in the auditory cortex of echolocating bats.","authors":"M Jerome Beetz, Manfred Kössl, Julio C Hechavarría","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.252069","url":null,"abstract":"Echolocating bats emit acoustic pulses that get reflected off objects. The spatial information carried by the echoes enable bats to avoid obstacles in darkness. Usually, every pulse is followed by a cascade of echoes arising from multiple objects. By using echolocation sequences where a single pulse is followed by an echo cascade, we recently demonstrated that cortical neurons predominantly respond to the leading echo. Responses to lagging echoes from a cascade were suppressed suggesting that spatial information from the most immediate object are processed at the cortex level. In that study, the leading echo was typically the most intense, leaving it unclear whether the echo selectivity was due to echo order or echo level. Here we record from the auditory cortex of anaesthetized Carollia perspicillata, while stimulating the bats with echolocation sequences that contained echo cascades whose echo levels were either equally intense or where the leading echo was less intense than the lagging ones. Our results demonstrate that the echo level has only minor effects on neural processing and that the echo selectivity is mostly caused by the echo order. These results go in line with the neural time window of sensation hyothesis, proposed by Roverud and Grinnell. Whenever the bat hears a pulse, a neural time window opens, and any subsequent high-frequency signal within the spectral range of that pulse is by default classified as an echo, thereby closing the sensation window. This mechanism renders large parts of the cortex less responsive to distant objects, regardless of the echo intensity they produced.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ancient oxidase lost in vertebrates promotes extreme stress tolerance in an emerging Cnidarian model for ecology, evolution, and biomedicine. 一种古老的氧化酶在脊椎动物中丢失，在生态、进化和生物医学的刺胞动物模型中促进了极端的应激耐受性。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252244

Giulia S Rossi, Sanjana Venkatesh, Allison E McDonald, Alexander G Little

{"title":"An ancient oxidase lost in vertebrates promotes extreme stress tolerance in an emerging Cnidarian model for ecology, evolution, and biomedicine.","authors":"Giulia S Rossi, Sanjana Venkatesh, Allison E McDonald, Alexander G Little","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.252244","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic respiration underpins animal performance, yet the mitochondrial electron transport system is often treated as a single, vertebrate-centric blueprint. This view overlooks alternative oxidase (AOX), an enzyme that allows electrons to bypass complexes III and IV, partially uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Although AOX is well-studied in plants for its role in stress-tolerance, its presence in animals was recognized only recently, leaving its contribution to metabolic flexibility underappreciated. Here, we used an emerging ecological-evolutionary-developmental biology (eco-evo-devo) and biomedical model, Nematostella vectensis, to test the hypothesis that AOX supports stress tolerance by bypassing complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase; COX) during hydrogen sulphide (H2S) exposure and by mitigating oxidative damage under hypoxia and heat stress via reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that anemones upregulated AOX protein expression after H2S exposure and exhibited cyanide-resistant respiration, consistent with continued electron flow despite COX inhibition. Behavioural assays showed that AOX inhibition increased sensitivity to H2S, declining oxygen and heat, while biochemical assays revealed that AOX inhibition led to elevated lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation with hypoxia and heat exposure. Together, these results establish AOX as a critical yet overlooked mechanism of metabolic flexibility that buffers aerobic metabolism against multiple stressors, challenging textbook portrayals of conserved mitochondrial function and offering new perspectives on how animal persist in a rapidly changing world.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxygen availability and oxygen delivery, but not oxidative stress shape heat tolerance in diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae. 二倍体和三倍体斑马鱼幼鱼的耐热性取决于氧的有效性和氧的输送，而不是氧化应激。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251548

Stefane Saruhashi, Jeroen G J Boerrigter, Maartje H L Hooymans, Brent J Sinclair, Wilco C E P Verberk

{"title":"Oxygen availability and oxygen delivery, but not oxidative stress shape heat tolerance in diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae.","authors":"Stefane Saruhashi, Jeroen G J Boerrigter, Maartje H L Hooymans, Brent J Sinclair, Wilco C E P Verberk","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251548","url":null,"abstract":"The oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis predicts that limits to oxygen availability or delivery set upper thermal boundaries. We tested this by manipulating oxygen concentration and delivery capacity (comparing diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae, which differ in cell size and surface:volume ratio) and measuring survival under different intensities of heat stress (i.e. different temperatures) and under different exposure durations. We predicted that hypoxia would reduce, and hyperoxia improve, heat tolerance, and that triploids would show reduced tolerance in all oxygen tensions due to lower oxygen delivery capacity, especially under hypoxia. Our experiments broadly supported these predictions. Oxygen modulated heat tolerance in both diploids and triploids, more so in triploids. Thus, both oxygen availability and delivery capacity appear to set high temperature limits, at least during longer exposures. Finally, we tested whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage drive heat injury. Hypoxia doubled ROS production regardless of temperature or ploidy, but neither antioxidant capacity nor protein damage differed across temperature, ploidy or oxygen treatments, suggesting oxidative stress does not underlie the oxygen effects on heat tolerance. In conclusion, oxygen-based mechanisms differentially shape heat tolerance depending on stress duration and intensity. Low oxygen availability generally constrains tolerance, oxygen delivery capacity becomes critical under high demand for oxygen and low oxygen availability, and oxidative stress does not appear to play a primary role.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antho-RFamide effect on light production in the bioluminescent sea pen Pennatula phosphorea (Octocorallia, Pennatulacea). Antho-RFamide对生物发光海笔磷虾（Pennatula phosphorea）产光的影响。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252487

Laurent Duchatelet, Patrick Flammang, Sam Dupont, Jérôme Mallefet

{"title":"Antho-RFamide effect on light production in the bioluminescent sea pen Pennatula phosphorea (Octocorallia, Pennatulacea).","authors":"Laurent Duchatelet, Patrick Flammang, Sam Dupont, Jérôme Mallefet","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.252487","url":null,"abstract":"Bioluminescence in anthozoans is a rapid and coordinated response that relies on nervous control, yet the neurochemical mechanisms underlying light production remain poorly understood. In the sea pen Pennatula phosphorea, mechanical stimulation elicits propagating waves of green light often coupled with muscular contraction, suggesting tight integration between neural, muscular, and luminous systems. Here, we investigated the presence and role of RFamide neuropeptides in the control of bioluminescence in P. phosphorea by combining transcriptomic analyses and pharmacological experiments. We identified Antho-RFamide-like precursor sequences in the P. phosphorea transcriptome, characterized by repeated conserved RFamide motifs typical of anthozoan neuropeptide precursors. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a clear differentiation between octocorallian and hexacorallian Antho-RFamide precursor sequences, while highlighting substantial variation in motif repetition number across anthozoan species. Pharmacological assays demonstrate that Antho-RFamide can trigger light emission, providing direct evidence for its involvement in luminescence control. These results support a model in which Antho-RFamide acts as an ancestral neuropeptidergic component of the bioluminescence response, operating alongside catecholaminergic pathways to regulate light emission. We further propose that variation in Antho-RFamide precursor architecture may influence neuropeptide signaling capacity and contribute to functional diversification of the neuropeptide role, including luminescence control within luminous anthozoans. By providing the first functional evidence linking neuropeptide signaling to light production in a sea pen species, this study identified a previously unrecognized role of RFamide peptides in the control of bioluminescence and revealed a complex, multi-layered neurochemical regulatory system underlying light emission in anthozoans.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Halocline boundary layer restricts the vertical distribution of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora. 盐斜边界层限制了箱形水母的垂直分布。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251708

Jan-Frederik Freiberg, Niels Röhrdanz, Hermann Kohlstedt, Jan Bielecki

{"title":"Halocline boundary layer restricts the vertical distribution of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora.","authors":"Jan-Frederik Freiberg, Niels Röhrdanz, Hermann Kohlstedt, Jan Bielecki","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251708","url":null,"abstract":"Haloclines - sharp salinity gradients frequently formed after heavy rainfalls in coastal habitats- can act as barriers for weakly swimming plankton, but their biomechanical constraints on relatively adept swimmers, such as cubozoan jellyfish, remain unexplored. We examined the vertical distribution of Tripedalia cystophora before and after establishing an artificial halocline (35→22 PSU) in an experimental swimming arena. After halocline formation, animals repeatedly entered the gradient layer but did not ascend beyond its upper boundary, despite repeated upward trajectories towards the gradient layer, indicating no obvious avoidance response. A hydrodynamic model supported these observations, demonstrating that stratification drag markedly increases thrust dissipation. Thus, centimetre-scale haloclines impose physical constraints that prevent T. cystophora from accessing surface waters through reduced effective upward momentum, rather than through behavioural change. Because the underlying hydrodynamic principles are general, we propose a stratification hypothesis to explain how sharp density gradients shape the vertical distribution of some aquatic animals.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extinction, spontaneous recovery, and ABA renewal in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. 蟋蟀的灭绝、自发恢复和ABA更新。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251928

Beatriz Álvarez, Kanta Terao, Yukihisa Matsumoto, Makoto Mizunami

{"title":"Extinction, spontaneous recovery, and ABA renewal in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.","authors":"Beatriz Álvarez, Kanta Terao, Yukihisa Matsumoto, Makoto Mizunami","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251928","url":null,"abstract":"Once a Pavlovian conditioned response (CR) has been acquired, it can be extinguished by presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) alone. However, the extinction of the CR is, in many cases, temporary and context-sensitive, having important implications for psychological therapy and for the understanding of learning and memory. In this study, we tested extinction and two of its recovery phenomena, namely, spontaneous recovery and renewal, in crickets. After being exposed to paired presentations of a CS and water reward (unconditioned stimulus), crickets received extinction training in which only the CS was presented. The unreinforced presentations of the CS led to a decrease in their CR (i.e., extinction) that was still observed 1h after extinction training. However, 24h later, responding to the CS was fully recovered (i.e., spontaneous recovery occurred). For the study of renewal, acquisition training took place in context A, extinction was conducted in context B, and responding to the CS was measured in the original context (context A). Such change of the context resulted in the recovery of the CR 1h after extinction training (i.e., ABA renewal occurred). On the contrary, when the context was not changed (i.e., acquisition, extinction and the test took place in the same context), the CR became extinguished. The results obtained provide the first evidence of ABA renewal in insects and show that extinction in crickets is context-specific, in agreement with theoretical accounts that explain extinction as the acquisition of new inhibitory learning that is more context-dependent than its original excitatory learning.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural and behavioral responses to reproductive signals in male chorus frogs. 雄性合唱蛙对生殖信号的神经和行为反应。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251686

Carlie B Ochoa, Ashley M Loeven, Debra Ann Fadool, Emily Moriarty Lemmon

{"title":"Neural and behavioral responses to reproductive signals in male chorus frogs.","authors":"Carlie B Ochoa, Ashley M Loeven, Debra Ann Fadool, Emily Moriarty Lemmon","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251686","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251686","url":null,"abstract":"Species recognition and courtship behaviors are powerful drivers of speciation. Here, we investigated the neural and behavioral signatures of species recognition in Upland chorus frogs (Pseudacris feriarum). Populations of this species that are sympatric with congeners (e.g. Pseudacris nigrita) have evolved divergent male mating calls and enhanced acoustic discrimination by females owing to costly interspecific hybridization. Herein, we examined evoked neural activity and behaviors in male P. feriarum in response to sympatric, allopatric or heterospecific calls, or silence, via phospho-S6 ribosomal protein immunofluorescence. The sympatric call evoked activity in several brain regions that regulate spatial navigation and social decision making, indicating that this call type may be an important trigger for navigating to and within a complex chorus environment. Moreover, each stimulus resulted in a unique pattern of coactivation among brain regions. Despite these neural changes, there were no differences in behavioral response to each stimulus. Our results suggest that signal input and behavioral output are coded independently in the brains of male chorus frogs. Together, these findings represent a first step towards understanding the neural basis of conspecific recognition in a system in which this trait contributes to ongoing diversification.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body anthropometry affects spatiotemporal preferences in walking and running. 人体测量影响行走和跑步的时空偏好。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252161

Wannes Swinnen, Wouter Hoogkamer, Friedl De Groote, Benedicte Vanwanseele

{"title":"Body anthropometry affects spatiotemporal preferences in walking and running.","authors":"Wannes Swinnen, Wouter Hoogkamer, Friedl De Groote, Benedicte Vanwanseele","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.252161","url":null,"abstract":"Despite general similarity of walking and running gaits in healthy humans, spatiotemporal parameters vary considerably between individuals. While this variation is well recognized, the underlying causes are poorly understood. In this study we examined whether differences in body mass, relative segment lengths (e.g., relative leg length and relative foot length) and relative segment masses (e.g., relative foot-shoe mass) contribute to the spatiotemporal variability, beyond what is accounted for by Froude number. We collected anthropometric and spatiotemporal data from 103 trained runners (65 males, 38 females) walking (1.25 m/s and 2 m/s) and running (2-4.17 m/s) on a force-measuring treadmill. Linear mixed-effects models assessed the contribution of anthropometric factors to inter-individual differences in gait. Froude number alone accounted for most of the variation in spatiotemporal variables (R²=0.71-0.92 in walking; 0.01-0.94 in running). Including anthropometric predictors improved model performance, particularly for variables with lower Froude dependence, increasing R² to 0.77-0.93 (walking) and 0.16-0.94 (running). Specifically, heavier individuals and those with larger relative foot lengths exhibited longer stance times and higher duty factors (p≤0.033), without differences in stride frequency (p≥0.164). In walking, these longer stance times were primarily driven by prolonged double support time (p<0.001). Additionally, greater relative foot-shoe mass reduced stride frequency via longer leg swing times in both gaits (p≤0.007). We suggest that this spatiotemporal variability reflects individual strategies to minimize metabolic cost of locomotion by adjusting the trade-off between stance-phase and swing-phase metabolic demands.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0