Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第9页

Determinants of maximal oxygen consumption in vertebrates. 脊椎动物最大耗氧量的决定因素。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251087

Phillip R Morrison

{"title":"Determinants of maximal oxygen consumption in vertebrates.","authors":"Phillip R Morrison","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251087","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251087","url":null,"abstract":"Across vertebrates, the maximal rate of oxygen consumption (V̇O2,max) defines the capacity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems to transport oxygen from the environment to the cells. While V̇O2,max depends on multiple conductance steps in the oxygen transport pathway - ventilation, respiratory diffusion, circulatory convection and tissue diffusion - the relative importance of each step differs across species with varying gas exchange organs, cardiac morphologies and aerobic capacities. I analysed the determinants of V̇O2,max across vertebrates by conducting a sensitivity analysis of V̇O2,max limitations in a fish, and synthesizing published sensitivity analyses for an amphibian, a bird, the Thoroughbred racehorse, and humans of average and elite athletic ability. I also compared the effects of hypoxia on conductance contributions using data from birds and humans. To compare models, I calculated fractional limitations from modelled changes in V̇O2,max following perturbations to each conductance step. The results reveal similar patterns: circulatory conductance (cardiac output) dominates in species with lower aerobic capacity, while diffusive and ventilatory conductance become more influential in athletic species and in hypoxia. Athletic phenotypes appear to operate at the functional limits of the lung - a consequence, at least in part, of high cardiac output. These findings reinforce the importance of viewing oxygen transport as an integrative system with multiple components that can individually or jointly constrain V̇O2,max. Ultimately, the entire system serves to deliver oxygenated red bloods to the muscle capillaries, where the cumulative contributions of all upstream processes influence oxygen transfer from red blood cells to mitochondria.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Six questions in fish locomotor biology and the technical approaches needed to address them. 鱼类运动生物学中的六个问题以及解决这些问题所需的技术方法。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251375

George V Lauder, Connor F White, Divya Ramesh, Yu Pan, Julia Chaumel, Yangfan Zhang

{"title":"Six questions in fish locomotor biology and the technical approaches needed to address them.","authors":"George V Lauder, Connor F White, Divya Ramesh, Yu Pan, Julia Chaumel, Yangfan Zhang","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251375","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly a century, fish have served as a model experimental system to understand how major organ systems both allow and respond to exercise. Experimental biologists have primarily evaluated the responses of organ systems to exercise by inducing fish to swim over a range of speeds. Flow tank and respirometry studies have been instrumental in contributing to our understanding of how fish alter kinematics and metabolism in relation to movement speed. As a guide to extending the considerable recent progress in understanding fish locomotor biology, this Commentary focuses on presenting six outstanding questions that we believe are relevant to continued progress in understanding the mechanisms of aquatic locomotion. First, field biomechanics: how can we obtain whole-body biomechanical data on locomotion from fish in the field? Second, stability: what are the morphological correlates of body stability in fish, and how metabolically costly is it for fish to maintain stability? Third, metabolism: how can metabolic measurements be used to understand the cost of swimming under different hydrodynamic conditions? Fourth, computation: how can we best use computational approaches to understand the biomechanics of fish locomotion? Fifth, robotics: how can robotic models help us to understand the physics of fish locomotion? Sixth, environmental flows: how do fish modulate their locomotor dynamics to deal with complex flow regimes that are more typical of natural conditions? These topics have broad potential impacts on research related to the anatomy and physiology of exercise behavior and ecology, as well as on responses by fish to future environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"229 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Swimming performance, maximum O2 consumption, EPOC, post-exercise recovery and tissue metabolites after fatigue by Ucrit versus chase protocols in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), a high-performance pelagic teleost. 以高性能远洋硬骨鱼——鲯鳅（Coryphaena hippurus）为研究对象，研究其游泳表现、最大氧气消耗、EPOC、运动后恢复和疲劳后组织代谢物。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251301

Rachael M Heuer, Chris M Wood, John D Stieglitz, LeeAnn Frank, Daniel Benetti, Martin Grosell

{"title":"Swimming performance, maximum O2 consumption, EPOC, post-exercise recovery and tissue metabolites after fatigue by Ucrit versus chase protocols in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), a high-performance pelagic teleost.","authors":"Rachael M Heuer, Chris M Wood, John D Stieglitz, LeeAnn Frank, Daniel Benetti, Martin Grosell","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251301","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251301","url":null,"abstract":"Carangiform fishes are highly active pelagic teleosts, but there have been relatively few studies of their swimming physiology. Recent evidence in other species suggests that swimming to exhaustion using a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) protocol may yield higher maximum O2 consumption rates (ṀO2,max) than chase methodologies. However, there has been little work comparing the internal physiological disturbances and recovery processes resulting from the two methods. We compared these two protocols in young adult mahi-mahi (∼254 g, 26°C, 32 ppt). ṀO2,max after chasing (20 min) was 30% lower than during Ucrit swimming (20-min speed increments). Absolute and factorial aerobic scopes were 42% and 30% lower, respectively, by chasing. Post-exercise recovery was much slower in chased fish, with a ≥1.8-fold higher excess post-exercise O2 consumption (EPOC) than in Ucrit fish. Sixty percent of the total O2 cost of swimming to fatigue in the Ucrit protocol was incurred during swimming (i.e. extra ṀO2 above resting O2 consumption rate, ṀO2,rest) and 40% during recovery (i.e. EPOC). Tissue-specific profiles of metabolites were very different between the two protocols, with the Ucrit treatment causing greater lactate accumulation in red muscle, and chasing causing greater lactate accumulation in the liver and intracellular pH depression in both the red and white muscle at exhaustion, with other differences during recovery. Overall, the results suggest a much greater anaerobic contribution to exercise metabolism caused by chasing. The two protocols yield vastly different results, reflecting different processes. We conclude that the Ucrit protocol provides a much better profile of aerobic capacity.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of carbon dioxide accumulation on post-dive physiological recovery in odontocetes. 二氧化碳积累对齿形螈潜水后生理恢复的影响。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251853

Emily C Nazario, Max F Czapanskiy, Malin L Pinsky, Dennis R Christen, Katherine L Flammer, Kelsey A Ford, Traci L Kendall, Bryan Tom, Sam Bartosik-Velez, Joshua Allyn, Fanny R Sánchez Villarreal, Terrie M Williams

{"title":"Effects of carbon dioxide accumulation on post-dive physiological recovery in odontocetes.","authors":"Emily C Nazario, Max F Czapanskiy, Malin L Pinsky, Dennis R Christen, Katherine L Flammer, Kelsey A Ford, Traci L Kendall, Bryan Tom, Sam Bartosik-Velez, Joshua Allyn, Fanny R Sánchez Villarreal, Terrie M Williams","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251853","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251853","url":null,"abstract":"Diving performance by marine mammals is associated with marked changes in tissue oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Yet, the primary metric for diving recovery in most studies has focused exclusively on restoring tissue O2, despite the importance of CO2 offloading as a major determinant for diving homeostasis. To assess the combined role of respiratory and blood gases, we compared post-exercise O2 and CO2 recovery rates in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, n=2) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas, n=4). System-wide recovery mechanisms were also examined, including blood pH, breathing patterns and peripheral vasodilation. Following maximal swim repetitions, respiratory O2 and CO2 rates returned to resting levels within 8 min for belugas (V̇O2: 7.64±1.36 min; V̇CO2: 7.71±1.41 min; mean±s.d.) and 3.5 min for dolphins (V̇O2: 3.41±0.76 min; V̇CO2: 3.41±0.71 min). Blood O2 and CO2 recovery durations also varied by species. Belugas required 12-15 min to reach resting levels, whereas dolphins' blood O2 remained within resting levels and CO2 recovered in ∼4-7 min. Blood pH, driven by changes in PCO2, returned to resting levels between 12 and 15 min for belugas, but remained elevated throughout the recorded recovery period for dolphins. Blood lactate also remained near double the resting values for both species. Overall, we found that the compounding effects of CO2 with blood lactate appear to play a dominant role in odontocete dive recovery, which will dictate the duration of full physiological recovery by wild odontocetes following escape responses from anthropogenic disturbances.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence from torpor rapidly elevates suppressed blood immune parameters in a bat species hibernating in a moderate climate. 在温和气候中冬眠的蝙蝠，从冬眠中出现会迅速提高被抑制的血液免疫参数。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251962

Anna Langguth, Nicholas C Wu, Tomás Villada-Cadavid, Laura A Brannelly, Jasmin Hufschmid, Gábor Á Czirják, Christopher Turbill

{"title":"Emergence from torpor rapidly elevates suppressed blood immune parameters in a bat species hibernating in a moderate climate.","authors":"Anna Langguth, Nicholas C Wu, Tomás Villada-Cadavid, Laura A Brannelly, Jasmin Hufschmid, Gábor Á Czirják, Christopher Turbill","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251962","url":null,"abstract":"1. Torpor is a state of reduced metabolism that allows animals to conserve energy during periods of limited resources. Critical physiological processes, including the immune function are downregulated during torpor - a phenomenon that remains relatively understudied in bats, especially in the southern hemisphere. 2. This study examines the effects of torpor on the immune system of the eastern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae oceanensis), an Australian cave-roosting species. We captured 52 bats in austral autumn and winter and housed them in controlled conditions to induce torpor for two or eight hours. Blood samples were collected pre-torpor, at the end of the torpor bout, and 30 minutes post-arousal. White blood cell counts were measured to assess cellular immunity, and plasma antibacterial capacity was used to evaluate humoral innate antibacterial immunity across timepoints. 3. We found that total white blood cell counts decreased by 23 % during torpor, but increased by 75.9 % upon arousal, surpassing baseline values by 33.9 %. Neutrophils and monocytes were the first cells to be restored, the former making up about 57 % of circulating white blood cells after arousal. Antibacterial capacity did not differ between timepoints. 4. Our results demonstrate rapid restoration of white blood cells after arousal, likely through the release of sequestered immune cells, while short torpor bouts do not impair innate humoral immunity in eastern bent-winged bats. While the rapid restoration of neutrophils could be protective against pathogens accumulated during torpor, it also provides a higher potential for immunopathology and tissue damage upon arousal.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147573983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biphasic tentacle strike kinematics in predatory cuttlefish. 掠食性墨鱼的双相触须撞击运动学。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251473

M W Young, M Kacir, A Huang, S N Patek

引用次数: 0

Song cultures in colonies of domesticated zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) founded with males experimentally trained to sing the same song. 在驯化斑胸草雀（Taeniopygia castanotis）的群体中建立的歌曲文化，通过实验训练雄斑胸草雀唱同一首歌。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251553

Lucille Le Maguer, Nicole Geberzahn, Laurent Nagle, Sébastien Derégnaucourt

{"title":"Song cultures in colonies of domesticated zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) founded with males experimentally trained to sing the same song.","authors":"Lucille Le Maguer, Nicole Geberzahn, Laurent Nagle, Sébastien Derégnaucourt","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251553","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical investigations on communication systems in non-human animals have provided significant insight into the evolutionary origins of language. To further explore how vocal culture may influence such processes, we artificially reduced the vocal diversity found in a colony of zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) by creating three different colonies with founder males trained to produce the same song. Zebra finch song is hierarchically organized: a song bout is composed of one or several song motifs sometimes interspaced by call-like syllables, each motif being composed of a few syllables repeated in a fixed order. We found that most males that hatched in those colonies conformed to the original song motif even if the overall similarity tend to decrease over time. They also introduced some vocal innovations such as syllable recombination mainly at the macrostructural level of song, namely the song bout. By constraining the acoustic diversity of song models at the foundation of colonies of zebra finches, we succeeded in creating artificial song cultural lineages. We show that vocal production learning, through imitation and innovation, can shape a vocal signal differently at different levels of its structure and maintain vocal polymorphism, a process reminiscent to what is proposed for language evolution.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antlion larvae follow optimality rules in body orientation during sand-tossing. 蚁狮幼虫在抛沙过程中遵循最优定向规则。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252138

Francesca Lo Bello, Massimo De Agrò, Giorgio Vallortigara

引用次数: 0

The nuptial dance of male mayflies helps avoid mistaken interception by other males. 雄性蜉蝣的婚礼舞蹈有助于避免被其他雄性误拦截。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251579

Samuel T Fabian, Benjamin P Campbell, Eleanor F Miller, Huai-Ti Lin

{"title":"The nuptial dance of male mayflies helps avoid mistaken interception by other males.","authors":"Samuel T Fabian, Benjamin P Campbell, Eleanor F Miller, Huai-Ti Lin","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251579","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251579","url":null,"abstract":"Male mayflies (Ephemeroptera) engage in oscillating nuptial flight patterns in which they climb vertically before passively parachuting downward. Males hold station above an area often in large numbers, intercepting adult females passing overhead. We reconstructed the flight behaviour of common mayfly (Ephemera vulgata) aggregations in 3D, while they were performing their nuptial dance and chasing artificial targets. Male mayflies chased any object that travelled horizontally above them and attempted to mate with it. Despite this indiscriminative chasing, we observed that male mayflies rarely caught each other by mistake. We suggest that the flight pattern of male mayflies helps them avoid each other whilst keeping the flight-motor system active. By flying vertically, males rarely fly horizontally above each other, the key signature used to identify potential mates. Male mayflies stop their pursuit if the target drops beneath the horizon. Therefore, we suggest that male mayflies engage in a downward parachute as an effective evasion strategy against other males that may aim to intercept them. During target interception, mayfly flight behaviour resembles the guidance law of proportional navigation. We found that mayflies selectively change speed, fanning their long posterior filaments and spreading their hindwings to decelerate before turning. Mayflies are more manoeuvrable at low speeds, and thus this deceleration prior to turns reduces overshooting and increases steering performance. Through simulation, we demonstrate that a speed-changing, mayfly-inspired proportional navigation controller is more effective than constant-speed models at staying below and colliding with manoeuvring targets.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal performance and activation energy explain flexible thermal habitat use in great hammerhead sharks. 热性能和活化能解释了大锤头鲨灵活的热栖息地使用。

IF 2.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251837

Erin T Spencer, Lisa A Hoopes, Jack J Morris, Demian D Chapman, Valerie Hagan, Robert E Hueter, Yannis P Papastamatiou

{"title":"Thermal performance and activation energy explain flexible thermal habitat use in great hammerhead sharks.","authors":"Erin T Spencer, Lisa A Hoopes, Jack J Morris, Demian D Chapman, Valerie Hagan, Robert E Hueter, Yannis P Papastamatiou","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251837","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the relationship between animal performance and temperature is a pressing issue in the face of climate change because it has implications for changes to distribution, population dynamics and species interactions. We used accelerometers to build a thermal performance curve (TPC) for a large marine predator, the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), to explain this species' catch rates and thermal habitat use in the wild. Analysis of performance data captured by accelerometers deployed on nine sharks estimated great hammerheads have a thermal optimum (Topt) of 29.3°C. However, the TPC had a low activation energy compared with those of other large sharks, enabling high performance across a relatively broad temperature range. Analysis of catch data from surveys off the Gulf coast of Florida showed most sharks were caught in months where sea surface temperatures average 29-30°C, when large teleost prey are abundant. Satellite telemetry data showed sharks encountered average daily minimum and maximum temperatures below our estimated Topt, 24.7±1.6°C and 26.5±1.7°C, respectively. Relatively low activation energy (0.38±0.07 eV) likely enables great hammerheads to take advantage of seasonal prey pulses during both summer and winter by maintaining high performance outside Topt. While activity-based TPCs can provide a mechanistic link to migration patterns and relative abundance, they may also explain the ability of some predators to take advantage of seasonal, fast-moving prey at the lower limits of optimal thermal conditions.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"229 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0