Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第9页

Salinity-induced metabolic reorganization in a long-lived marine osmoconformer, Arctica islandica: insights from contrasting Arctic environments. 长期存在的海洋渗透构象北极岛的盐度诱导代谢重组：来自对比北极环境的见解。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252324

Larisa Basova, Stefan Timm, Eugene P Sokolov, Inna M Sokolova, Alexey Sukhotin

{"title":"Salinity-induced metabolic reorganization in a long-lived marine osmoconformer, Arctica islandica: insights from contrasting Arctic environments.","authors":"Larisa Basova, Stefan Timm, Eugene P Sokolov, Inna M Sokolova, Alexey Sukhotin","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252324","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252324","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental salinity strongly shapes the physiology of osmoconforming marine invertebrates, yet population-level metabolic responses remain poorly understood. The ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, exhibits extreme geographic variation in growth and maximum lifespan, ranging from several decades in brackish environments to more than four centuries in fully marine habitats. The physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown, although there are indications that habitat salinity may influence metabolic processes underlying life-history traits, including lifespan. We compared A. islandica populations from the fully marine Barents Sea and the brackish White Sea, acclimating individuals to three salinity regimes (17, 25, 33 PSU) spanning natural and experimentally altered conditions. Survival, tissue energy status and whole-body metabolomic profiles were assessed. Quahogs from the White Sea and Barents Sea showed pronounced population-specific metabolomic signatures and distinct responses to salinity acclimation. White Sea individuals showed higher levels of glycine, proline, tyrosine and tryptophan, as well as elevated oxidative stress markers (methionine sulfoxide, cystine) and glutathione metabolism at habitat salinity, indicating greater exposure to reactive oxygen species, probably due to higher metabolic activity. Salinity shifts triggered differential regulation of amino acids, osmolytes and urea cycle intermediates, with White Sea quahogs showing more pronounced osmolyte adjustments and tricarboxylic acid cycle flexibility. Despite substantial metabolomic remodelling, gross tissue bioenergetics, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and electron transport system activity, remained stable. These results reveal population-specific strategies for salinity tolerance, highlighting the metabolic flexibility of White Sea quahogs relative to the more conservative metabolism of Barents Sea individuals.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Multi-transmitter characteristics and functional specialization of oxytocin neuron subpopulations in zebrafish. 修正：斑马鱼催产素神经元亚群的多递质特征和功能特化。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.253271

Sian-Tai Liu, Bo-Kai Liao, Meng-Shin Shiao, Yen-Lin Chen, Yu-Fan Huang, Ming-Yi Chou

引用次数: 0

Wind history shapes olfactory search response in free-flying Drosophila melanogaster. 风的历史塑造了自由飞行的黑腹果蝇的嗅觉搜索反应。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252635

Jaleesa Houle, Austin P Lopez, Floris van Breugel

{"title":"Wind history shapes olfactory search response in free-flying Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Jaleesa Houle, Austin P Lopez, Floris van Breugel","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252635","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252635","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of flying insects to locate distant food and mates by tracking odor plumes through turbulent and unsteady flow represents a remarkable feat of sensorimotor integration. Successful navigation requires not only extracting a reliable directional estimate from an intermittent olfactory signal, but also contending with the challenging dynamics of variable winds. Whereas prior work has established that insects integrate the history of odor encounters to shape search decisions, whether they also retain a history of recently experienced wind conditions has remained unknown. Here, we used optogenetics combined with controlled wind perturbations in a free-flight wind tunnel to investigate how wind history modulates the olfactory search behavior of Drosophila melanogaster. By introducing lateral 'gust' flow via auxiliary fans and independently delivering olfactory stimuli, we show that the wind experienced during an olfactory stimulus shapes both the immediate surge response and the subsequent spatial search. Flies that received an olfactory stimulus while being displaced by a crosswind gust were significantly more likely to return to the gust zone during the post-stimulus search phase compared with flies that received the same odor cue in steady laminar flow. Meanwhile, surge responses and course directions exhibited during search indicate that moment-to-moment flight kinematics may be driven more by instantaneous flow. These results reveal that wind experience is tracked in addition to olfactory experience, and provide evidence that D. melanogaster maintain a short-term history of ambient wind conditions to guide olfactory navigation.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migration-associated changes in hormones and muscle physiology of migratory redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps). 迁徙红头猎鸟（Emberiza bruniceps）激素和肌肉生理的迁移相关变化。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251863

Vibha Yadav, Aakansha Sharma, Jyoti Tiwari, Sangeeta Rani, Shalie Malik

{"title":"Migration-associated changes in hormones and muscle physiology of migratory redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps).","authors":"Vibha Yadav, Aakansha Sharma, Jyoti Tiwari, Sangeeta Rani, Shalie Malik","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251863","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251863","url":null,"abstract":"Long distance migration in birds requires dynamic remodelling of flight muscle induced by behavioural, endocrine and metabolic adjustments. Here, we studied redheaded buntings in the nonmigratory and migratory state to assess changes in plasma hormones, muscle fibre diameter, lipid droplet accumulation and gene expression in the pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles. We investigated genes that are involved in (1) muscle growth and atrophy, and (2) fatty acid transport and metabolism. Long-day exposure induced nighttime migratory restlessness, increased body mass, fat and muscle scores, and enlarged testes, compared with short days. Plasma insulin and testosterone levels were elevated in the migratory group, whereas T3 levels remained unchanged. Only the pectoralis muscle showed significant hypertrophy and high lipid accumulation under long days, whereas the supracoracoideus remained unchanged. We found elevated mRNA levels of fabp3 (fatty acid binding protein) and ar (androgen receptors) in both muscles, but scd1 (stearoyl-coA desaturase 1) only in the pectoralis. In contrast, igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) mRNA levels decreased in pectoral muscle in migratory state. These findings suggest that although fabp3 may facilitate fatty acid transport to both muscles, scd1 contributes to lipogenesis in pectoral muscle only. This suggests that pectoral muscles play a more active role than supracoracoideus muscle in uptake, modification and storage of lipids during migration. These findings demonstrate muscle-specific physiological remodelling underlying the migratory phenotype in buntings. Network analysis further revealed greater integration of phenotype, histology, hormone and molecular traits during migration, suggesting enhanced coordination of physiological systems during migration.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating energy and stability trade-offs in human walking using vestibular sensory disruption. 利用前庭感觉干扰研究人类行走中的能量和稳定性权衡。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251861

Sadiya Abdulrabba, Anthony Chen, Chantal Nagel, Gerome A Manson, Jessica C Selinger

{"title":"Investigating energy and stability trade-offs in human walking using vestibular sensory disruption.","authors":"Sadiya Abdulrabba, Anthony Chen, Chantal Nagel, Gerome A Manson, Jessica C Selinger","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251861","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.251861","url":null,"abstract":"Walking involves multiple, sometimes competing, objectives, including minimizing energy expenditure and maintaining stability. When stability is compromised, such as through sensory disruption, individuals often adopt wider step widths to maintain balance. However, it remains unclear whether these wider widths increase energetic expenditure or remain energy optimal. Our purpose was to investigate trade-offs between energy and stability during walking using vestibular disruption. Our primary hypothesis was that when experiencing vestibular disruption, participants would adopt wider widths at the expense of increased cost. Participants (n=16) walked on a treadmill at preferred step widths under natural conditions and with electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS). Step width was computed using motion capture, metabolic energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry, and residual head variance (Vres) was calculated from an inertial measurement unit to assess stability. We also used visual feedback to command participants to walk at widths narrower (-3 s.d., -5 s.d.) and wider (+3 s.d., +5 s.d.) than preferred, allowing us to assess the relationship between energy and stability across width. As expected, EVS increased Vres, indicating decreased stability, while wider widths decreased Vres, suggesting improved stability. Under EVS, participants preferred wider widths compared with natural walking (natural: 0; EVS: 0.88 s.d.±1.17 s.d., P=0.01), and the energy-optimal width also shifted wider by a similar magnitude; however, we were underpowered to detect this change (natural: 0.04 s.d.±3.35 s.d.; EVS: 1.28 s.d.±2.92 s.d., P=0.16). These findings suggest that wider step widths adopted under sensory disruption to improve stability may remain energetically optimal, rather than reflect an often-assumed stability-energy trade-off.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quasi-static force requirements are not sufficient to explain arolium engagement in climbing Argentine ants. 准静力要求不足以解释阿根廷蚂蚁攀爬时的甲壳接触。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.253096

Yakun Cao, Andrew Chacon, Agasthya Valluri, Liam O'Connor Mueller, Nick Gravish

{"title":"Quasi-static force requirements are not sufficient to explain arolium engagement in climbing Argentine ants.","authors":"Yakun Cao, Andrew Chacon, Agasthya Valluri, Liam O'Connor Mueller, Nick Gravish","doi":"10.1242/jeb.253096","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.253096","url":null,"abstract":"Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) utilize adhesive pads (arolia) to climb smooth surfaces. Previous research found that ants can adjust their individual arolium engagement according to their locomotion mode. However, it remains unclear how they distribute arolium engagement across multiple limbs to climb effectively, and how arolium engagement varies within a climbing step. As the arolium is a well-known adhesive organ, we hypothesized that engagement across different legs is distributed according to the normal forces required for balancing the body during climbing. To test this, we measured Argentine ants' arolium engagement on a vertical glass surface using a frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) sensor and compared it with the required normal forces from a quasi-static model. Contrary to the required normal force, the measured arolium engagement was asymmetric between upward and downward climbing, and changed over time. Our results indicate that quasi-static force requirements are not sufficient to explain arolium engagement in climbing Argentine ants, and suggest that other factors, such as body dynamics, ant anatomy and behavioral preferences, should be included.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balance control after slip-like perturbations in human running when systematically altering forward trunk leaning. 人体在系统地改变躯干前倾时发生滑倒扰动后的平衡控制。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252592

Luca Braun, Brian R Umberger, Carlo von Diecken, Markus Hipper, Bastian Anedda, Steffen Willwacher

{"title":"Balance control after slip-like perturbations in human running when systematically altering forward trunk leaning.","authors":"Luca Braun, Brian R Umberger, Carlo von Diecken, Markus Hipper, Bastian Anedda, Steffen Willwacher","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252592","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252592","url":null,"abstract":"Human running is generally robust to external perturbations, yet the underlying whole-body mechanics governing perturbation recovery remain poorly understood. Existing research has primarily focused on perturbation recovery during walking, whereas running remains underrepresented despite its distinct mechanical characteristics. In the present study, 16 participants ran at 2.5 m s-1 while standardized late-stance slip-like anterior-posterior perturbations were induced. Perturbations were applied as sudden accelerations of the treadmill belt, expected but not predictable in timing. Sagittal whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) and external angular impulse were calculated to investigate the underlying mechanics of perturbation recovery. In addition, we investigated the effects of trunk forward leaning on perturbation recovery, as trunk kinematics strongly influence the whole-body center of mass position and thereby the generation of angular impulse during stance. Balance control was quantified using WBAM-based perturbation recovery time. Recovery was governed by reactive sagittal WBAM regulation through backward angular impulse generation, arising from sustained propulsive ground reaction forces (GRFs) and a pronounced initial vertical GRF peak across successive recovery steps. Forward leaning did not affect perturbation recovery time, indicating that forward leaning does not impair balance control. Instead, forward leaning reduced baseline steady-state WBAM range before perturbation onset and the peak forward WBAM excursion following perturbations. This suggests that leaning forward may lead to greater reliance on feedforward control mechanisms, as reflected in a tighter baseline sagittal WBAM control. These findings highlight that robust balance control following slip-like anterior-posterior perturbations in human running reflects regulation of sagittal WBAM through complementary reactive and feedforward mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular mechanisms and energetic costs of recovery from freezing in the polyextremophile midge Belgica antarctica. 比利时南极洲多极端生物蠓从冰冻中恢复的分子机制和能量成本。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252542

Cleverson Lima, Melise C Lecheta, Samuel Cecconi, Scott Hotaling, Paul B Frandsen, Peter Convey, Scott A L Hayward, J D Gantz, Yuta Kawarasaki, Jeramiah J Smith, Nicholas M Teets

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms and energetic costs of recovery from freezing in the polyextremophile midge Belgica antarctica.","authors":"Cleverson Lima, Melise C Lecheta, Samuel Cecconi, Scott Hotaling, Paul B Frandsen, Peter Convey, Scott A L Hayward, J D Gantz, Yuta Kawarasaki, Jeramiah J Smith, Nicholas M Teets","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252542","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252542","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular freezing challenges insects in several ways, including mechanical damage from ice crystals, exposure to stressful levels of cold and cellular dehydration. While stress-response mechanisms activated during and immediately after freezing are well studied, less is known about how freeze-tolerant organisms recover from freezing in the longer term and whether this recovery carries energetic costs. Here, we tracked changes in gene expression and energy stores over the course of 15 days following extracellular freezing using the world's southernmost insect, Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae), as a study system. We found that B. antarctica employed a coordinated 'emergency' stress-response system during early recovery (0-1 day), which includes the upregulation of genes involved in inhibiting cell death (e.g. Bcl-2, IAP-1) alongside mechanisms involved in damage repair and clearance of cell debris (e.g. heat shock proteins, autophagy, proteasome). Concomitantly, genes involved in ecdysone biosynthesis and juvenile hormone degradation were downregulated through the 1st day of recovery, and several genes involved in cuticle development were downregulated between the 3rd and 15th day of recovery, suggesting that homeostasis may not have been completely restored for 2 weeks after B. antarctica had thawed. These physiological changes did not lead to a detectable depletion of energy stores, indicating that this emergency response system does not incur significant energy drain. These results suggest that evoking a coordinated stress response with minimal energy usage may be crucial for B. antarctica to persist in cold environments, and that blocking apoptosis and pausing development could provide sufficient time for freezing injury to be fully addressed.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual trait variation and allometric scaling indicate intra- and inter-caste plasticity in the social wasp Protopolybia sedula. 视性状变异和异速缩放表明了社会黄蜂在种姓内和种姓间的可塑性。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.252873

André Rodrigues de Souza, Priscila Araújo, Eduardo Fernando Santos, Fábio Santos do Nascimento, Amanda Prato, Wilson Franca, Emily Baird

{"title":"Visual trait variation and allometric scaling indicate intra- and inter-caste plasticity in the social wasp Protopolybia sedula.","authors":"André Rodrigues de Souza, Priscila Araújo, Eduardo Fernando Santos, Fábio Santos do Nascimento, Amanda Prato, Wilson Franca, Emily Baird","doi":"10.1242/jeb.252873","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.252873","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how phenotypic plasticity arises in sensory traits is a key challenge in evolutionary and developmental biology. Eusocial insects offer a useful model for exploring it, because their castes perform distinct tasks and occupy different light environments. We examined morphological variation and scaling in the visual systems of female castes of Protopolybia sedula, a neotropical wasp with simultaneous polygyny. Although queens are larger than workers, the two castes showed similar eye area, ommatidial diameter and ommatidia number. However, queens showed greater variability in ommatidial diameter, while workers varied more in eye area and ommatidia number. Allometric patterns also diverged: queen eye area scaled hypoallometrically and ommatidial diameter hyperallometrically with body size, whereas workers displayed isometric scaling for both traits. Analysis of ommatidia size and number indicates workers allocate more resources to increasing ommatidia number, while queens emphasise enlarging ommatidia. These differences highlight distinct developmental and scaling strategies that generate caste-specific visual adaptations.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body mass of streaked shearwaters affects wingbeat during ascending and sea-surface flight. 条纹鹱的身体质量影响上升和海面飞行时的翅拍。

IF 3 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.251989

Kazuki Harada, Leo Uesaka, Masaru Naruoka, Katsufumi Sato, Kentaro Q Sakamoto

{"title":"Body mass of streaked shearwaters affects wingbeat during ascending and sea-surface flight.","authors":"Kazuki Harada, Leo Uesaka, Masaru Naruoka, Katsufumi Sato, Kentaro Q Sakamoto","doi":"10.1242/jeb.251989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.251989","url":null,"abstract":"Streaked shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) return to their breeding colonies, which are established in elevated locations on islands, by increasing their flight altitude immediately before landing. We quantitatively analysed the characteristics of this energetically demanding ascending flight and examined how body mass influences flapping behaviour using high temporal resolution biologging data from eight individuals. We compared the proportion of time spent flapping, the period of dorsal-ventral axis acceleration cycle (the inverse of wingbeat frequency) and acceleration amplitude between ascending and sea-surface flight. The proportion of time spent flapping was considerably larger during ascending flight (94.6±6.5%) than during sea-surface flight (40.8±13.0%). The mean dorsal-ventral acceleration cycle was markedly shorter (0.233±0.008 s versus 0.247±0.008 s) and the mean amplitude was larger (8.85±0.82 m s-2 versus 7.20±0.49 m s-2) during ascending flight than during sea-surface flight. During ascent, birds increased wingbeat frequency, accompanied by greater body acceleration amplitude, indicating increased mechanical power output required for climbing flight. The increases in wingbeat frequency and amplitude were larger for heavier birds when transitioning from sea-surface to ascending flight, revealing that body mass strongly influenced flapping performance under high energy demand scenarios. Individual variation in body mass strongly affected the biomechanics and energy requirements of flight, providing insights into size-related trade-offs in the flight behaviour of island-breeding seabirds.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"229 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0