Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第9页

Context-dependent coordination of movement in Tribolium castaneum larvae. 斑蝥幼虫运动的环境依赖协调。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250015

Bella Xu Ying, Maarten F Zwart, Stefan R Pulver

{"title":"Context-dependent coordination of movement in Tribolium castaneum larvae.","authors":"Bella Xu Ying, Maarten F Zwart, Stefan R Pulver","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250015","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.250015","url":null,"abstract":"Insect pests such as the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) destroy up to 20% of stored grain products worldwide, making them a significant threat to food security. Their success hinges upon adapting their movements to unpredictable, heterogeneous environments like flour. Tribolium is well developed as a genetic model system; however, little is known about its natural locomotion and how its nervous system coordinates adaptive movement. Here, we employed videographic whole-animal and leg tracking to assess how Tribolium larvae locomote over different substrates and analyse their gait kinematics across speeds. Unlike many hexapods, larvae employed a bilaterally symmetric, posterior-to-anterior wave gait during fast locomotion. At slower speeds, coordination within thoracic segments was disrupted, although intersegmental coordination remained intact. Moreover, larvae used terminal abdominal structures (pygopods) to support challenging movements, such as climbing overhangs. Pygopod placement coincided with leg swing initiation, suggesting a stabilising role as adaptive anchoring devices. Surgically lesioning the connective between thoracic and abdominal ganglia impaired pygopod engagement and led to escalating impairments in flat-terrain locomotion, climbing and tunnelling. These results suggest that effective movement in Tribolium larvae requires thoracic-abdominal coordination, and that larval gait and limb recruitment is context dependent. Our work provides the first kinematic analysis of Tribolium larval locomotion and gives insights into its neural control, creating a foundation for future motor control research in a genetically tractable beetle that jeopardises global food security.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Buzzing boundaries: tiny caterpillars vibrate to defend leaf tip territories. 嗡嗡作响的边界：微小的毛虫通过振动来保卫叶尖的领地。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249796

Sarah M Matheson, Leonardo M Turchen, Emilie Mauduit, Jayne E Yack

{"title":"Buzzing boundaries: tiny caterpillars vibrate to defend leaf tip territories.","authors":"Sarah M Matheson, Leonardo M Turchen, Emilie Mauduit, Jayne E Yack","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249796","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249796","url":null,"abstract":"Territorial displays include some of the most elaborate behaviours in the animal kingdom. In this study, we investigated the territorial behaviour and vibratory signalling of neonate warty birch caterpillars (Falcaria bilineata; Lepidoptera: Drepanidae), which reside solitarily on birch leaves and defend the leaf tip. Upon hatching, these tiny caterpillars - no larger than 2 mm - seek out and establish a small solitary territory (∼1 cm wide) at the leaf tip, where they lay silk mats, feed and advertise their presence by producing multicomponent vibratory signals - buzz scrapes and drums. When a conspecific neonate (intruder) is introduced to a leaf occupied by a resident, the resident increases its signalling rate up to four times that when undisturbed, and even more - up to 14 times - if the intruder enters the territory. Intruders rarely manage to take over the resident's defended space, with most confrontations (71%) ending in the resident maintaining control. Residents signal significantly more than intruders at all stages of the contest. If physical contact occurs, residents flee by dropping from the leaf by a silk thread. This results in territorial contests that involve no physical aggression, relying entirely on vibratory communication. These vibratory displays most likely function to establish spacing between conspecifics on a tree branch, but these complex signals may also function to exclude other members of the vibratory community by mimicking something dangerous, such as a jumping spider.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11993261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multigenerational exposure to glyphosate has only modest effects on life history traits, stress tolerance, and microbiome in a field cricket. 多代接触草甘膦对蟋蟀的生活史特征、应激耐受性和微生物群只有适度的影响。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250210

J W Whitlock, P M Orwin, Z R Stahlschmidt

{"title":"Multigenerational exposure to glyphosate has only modest effects on life history traits, stress tolerance, and microbiome in a field cricket.","authors":"J W Whitlock, P M Orwin, Z R Stahlschmidt","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250210","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate (GLY) is the most used herbicide worldwide, and it can be toxic to off-target species, such as insects. While GLY-based herbicides (GBHs) can influence insect microbiomes, little is known about its cascading effects on fitness-related traits, such as life history or stress tolerance, especially in the context of long-term, multigenerational exposure. Thus, we exposed the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, to GBH within- and across-generations to examine the potential role of GBH in developmental plasticity and evolution. Specifically, we measured its effects on life-history traits (e.g., developmental duration, adult body size and mass, and a life-history tradeoff between investment into reproduction and flight), stress (heat and desiccation) tolerance, and the gut microbiome. One generation of exposure to GBH reduced desiccation tolerance, which was also lower in flight-capable individuals. However, after 11 generations of exposure to GBH, this cost of GBH disappeared, and GBH exposure instead increased adult body size and mass in flight-incapable individuals. Flight capacity had a stronger effect on the gut bacterial community than GBH exposure where flight-capable individuals contained more than twice as many Family Oscillospiraceae and fewer than half as many Family Erysipelotrichaceae. The effects of both flight capacity and GBH on the microbiome were only evident in Generation 1. Together, our results indicate that GBH exposure may have quite modest long-term effects on stress tolerance and the gut microbiome. However, GBH may facilitate the evolution of flightlessness given its potential benefits to flight-incapable individuals, which exhibit greater reproductive potential and tolerance to climate stressors compared to flight-capable individuals.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Science under siege: protecting scientific progress in turbulent times. 围攻中的科学：在动荡时期保护科学进步。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250455

James Briscoe, Craig E Franklin, Daniel A Gorelick, E Elizabeth Patton, Michael Way

引用次数: 0

Colonial architecture modulates the speed and efficiency of multi-jet swimming in salp colonies. 群落建筑调节了海鞘群落中多射流游泳的速度和效率。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249465

Alejandro Damian-Serrano, Kai A Walton, Anneliese Bishop-Perdue, Sophie Bagoye, Kevin T Du Clos, Bradford J Gemmell, Sean P Colin, John H Costello, Kelly R Sutherland

{"title":"Colonial architecture modulates the speed and efficiency of multi-jet swimming in salp colonies.","authors":"Alejandro Damian-Serrano, Kai A Walton, Anneliese Bishop-Perdue, Sophie Bagoye, Kevin T Du Clos, Bradford J Gemmell, Sean P Colin, John H Costello, Kelly R Sutherland","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249465","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249465","url":null,"abstract":"Salps are marine pelagic tunicates with a complex life cycle including a solitary and colonial stage. Salp colonies are composed of asexually budded individuals that coordinate their swimming by multi-jet propulsion. Colonies develop into species-specific architectures with distinct zooid orientations. These distinct colonial architectures vary in how frontal area scales with the number of zooids in the colony. Here, we address how differences in frontal area drive differences in swimming speed and the relationship between swimming speed and cost of transport in salps. We (1) compared swimming speed across salp species and architectures, (2) evaluated how swimming speed scales with the number of zooids across colony in architectures, and (3) compared the metabolic cost of transport across species and how it scales with swimming speed. To measure swimming speeds, we recorded swimming salp colonies using in situ videography while SCUBA diving in the open ocean. To estimate the cost of transport, we measured the respiration rates of swimming and anesthetized salps collected in situ using jars equipped with non-invasive oxygen sensors. We found that linear colonies swim faster, which supports the idea that their differential advantage in frontal area scales with an increasing number of zooids. We also found that higher swimming speeds predict lower costs of transport in salps. These findings underscore the importance of considering propeller arrangement to optimize speed and energy efficiency in bioinspired underwater vehicle design, leveraging lessons learned from the diverse natural laboratory provided by salp diversity.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The directional control of phototaxis in sea stars (Protoreaster nodosus). 海星（Protoreaster nodosus）趋光性的方向控制。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249293

Theodora Po, Lenny Korob, Matthew J McHenry

{"title":"The directional control of phototaxis in sea stars (Protoreaster nodosus).","authors":"Theodora Po, Lenny Korob, Matthew J McHenry","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249293","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249293","url":null,"abstract":"Sea stars control hundreds of tube feet to navigate their environment with a rudimentary nervous system. Tube feet are capable of responding to stimuli without descending nervous commands, and it is therefore unclear to what extent tactic orientation emerges through the collective action of the tube feet or is guided by central control. Therefore, we performed behavioral experiments to test models of neuromechanical control in a sea star (Protoreaster nodosus). We found that animals moved rapidly along relatively straight trajectories when exposed to light, but slowly crawled along circuitous paths in random directions in the dark. To remove mechanical interactions with the substrate, we measured the kinematics of tube feet in inverted sea stars that exhibited crawling when in contact with the water's surface. The tube feet throughout the body of these animals moved with power strokes in a similar direction when the animals were exposed to light, which is consistent with central control. This contrasts the variety of directions for power strokes exhibited without illumination. These findings support of a model of navigational control where directionless body motion emerges from collective mechanics in the dark, but is guided by the nervous system when exposed to light. In this manner, sea stars navigate through a combination of collective and central control.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12050092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Light environment and seasonal variation in the visual system of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis). 红鲑视觉系统的光环境和季节变化。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249878

Tarah N Foster, Alyssa G Williamson, Bradley R Foster, Matthew B Toomey

{"title":"Light environment and seasonal variation in the visual system of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis).","authors":"Tarah N Foster, Alyssa G Williamson, Bradley R Foster, Matthew B Toomey","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249878","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249878","url":null,"abstract":"The light environment underwater can vary dramatically over space and time, challenging the visual systems of aquatic organisms. To meet these challenges, many species shift their spectral sensitivities through changes in visual pigment chromophore composition and opsin expression. The red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) is a North American cyprinid minnow species that inhabits waters ranging widely in turbidity and temperature. We hypothesized that the visual system of the red shiner is plastic with chromophore composition and opsin expression varying in response to the environment. To test this hypothesis, we collected red shiners throughout the year from three Oklahoma creeks that vary in turbidity. We characterized the light environment by spectroradiometry, measured chromophore composition of the eyes with high performance liquid chromatography, characterized the mechanisms of chromophore metabolism, and examined ocular gene expression by RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly. We observed significantly higher proportions of the long wavelength-shifted A2 chromophore in the eyes of fish from the turbid site and in samples collected in winter, suggesting that there may be a temperature-dependent trade-off between chromophore-based spectral tuning and chromophore-related noise. Opsin expression varied between turbid and clear creeks, but did not align with light environment as expected, and the magnitude of these differences was limited compared with the differences in chromophore composition. We confirmed that red shiner CYP27C1 catalyzes the conversion of A1 to A2, but the ocular expression of CYP27C1 was not well correlated with A2 levels in the eye, suggesting conversion may be occurring outside the eye.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Client reef fish prefer more blue-saturated cleaner wrasses Labroides dimidiatus. 客户礁鱼更喜欢蓝色饱和的清洁濑鱼Labroides dimidatus。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249694

Inês Cacela-Rodrigues, Sandra Trigo, Heloysa Araujo-Silva, João L Saraiva, Marta C Soares

{"title":"Client reef fish prefer more blue-saturated cleaner wrasses Labroides dimidiatus.","authors":"Inês Cacela-Rodrigues, Sandra Trigo, Heloysa Araujo-Silva, João L Saraiva, Marta C Soares","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249694","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249694","url":null,"abstract":"In interspecific signalling, vivid colours have been interpreted to enable species recognition and maximise signal detection. Recently, it has been shown that vivid colours can also convey information on individual fitness, which could be advantageous for receivers. In the marine cleaning mutualism between the Indo-Pacific bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) and their reef fish visitors (known as clients), the colour of cleaners may provide behavioural cues, which clients could use to make decisions, as higher blue saturations are associated with better cleaning services. Here, we asked whether clients perceived differences in blue saturation when evaluating individual cleaners, and whether they used this information to choose them. To do this, we introduced the client threadfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon auriga) to three differently saturated video sequences of cleaners (minimum saturation, control and maximum saturation). We found that clients actively preferred video sequences of more saturated cleaners when played against lower saturations (i.e. spending more time in the preference area, facing more frequently and for longer periods, and entering the preference areas near the more saturated monitors more frequently), which provided more evidence that the blue colouration of cleaners may be a true signal of individual quality. By being able to distinguish these saturations, it is likely that in the wild, clients use this signal to make decisions and select the cleaners that provide a better cleaning service.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A photosensory structure in the brain of the systellomatophoran gastropod Peronia verruculata. 腹足动物脑内的光感觉结构。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249890

Yuko Matsuo, Ryota Matsuo

{"title":"A photosensory structure in the brain of the systellomatophoran gastropod Peronia verruculata.","authors":"Yuko Matsuo, Ryota Matsuo","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249890","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249890","url":null,"abstract":"Most animals detect ambient light using their cephalic eyes as photosensory organs. However, some animals have different types of photosensors in other parts of their body. The marine gastropod Peronia verruculata possesses several types of extraocular photosensors such as dorsal eyes, dermal photoreceptors and brain photosensory neurons. In the present study, we identified a pair of follicle-shaped structures expressing Gq-rhodopsin in the lateral lobe of the brain in P. verruculata. This structure had numerous microvilli and a few cilia in its interior, which is reminiscent of the follicle gland in the lateral lobe of the brain of the pond snail Lymnaea. Retinal binding protein and retinochrome were localized to the cell bodies of the neurons that constitute this structure. Photoresponses were recorded in an isolated brain by extracellular recording, and the spike frequency increased in a light intensity-dependent manner. We thus named this structure the follicle photoreceptive organ (FPO). We also found that the FPO was positioned close to the optic nerve projecting from the stalk eye and had nerve connections with the optic nerve. We discuss our findings in the context of the epistellar body of octopus and the parolfactory vesicles of squid, as well as the follicle gland of Lymnaea.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic responses provide insight into interspecific variation in heat tolerance of three co-existing pest aphid species. 代谢反应揭示了三种共存害虫蚜虫种间耐热性的变化。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249365

Yuan-Jie Li, Chun-Sen Ma, Nathalie Le Bris, Hervé Colinet, David Renault

{"title":"Metabolic responses provide insight into interspecific variation in heat tolerance of three co-existing pest aphid species.","authors":"Yuan-Jie Li, Chun-Sen Ma, Nathalie Le Bris, Hervé Colinet, David Renault","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249365","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249365","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming leads to an increase in extreme heat events, posing significant challenges for insects. Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi are important co-existing aphid species known to cause damage to cereal crops worldwide. The three species differ in thermal tolerance, with R. padi being much more heat tolerant than the other two species. However, it remains unclear whether interspecific variation in heat tolerance is due to differences in metabolic responses to heat stress. Here, we compared their metabolic signatures during and after recovery from the same injury level of heat stress (at 34°C for half and full durations to cause 50% mortality in each species), as well as the identical duration of heat stress. Using quantitative GC-MS, we found that after the same injury level of heat exposure, the three species showed similar changes in most metabolites. However, the heat-tolerant species, R. padi, had higher levels of polyols and amino acids, and uniquely accumulated glycerol. In addition, after the same duration of heat exposure, R. padi maintained a relatively stable metabolic profile, while the less tolerant species showed marked alterations with a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. We suggest that polyols and amino acids play a pivotal role in protecting R. padi from heat damage, contributing to its superior thermal tolerance. Overall, this comparative metabolomics study provides insight into the relationship between metabolic responses and heat tolerance of co-existing species, which helps understanding of the underlying mechanism of heat tolerance.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0