Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献_第8页

Magnetoreception and the ruling hypothesis. 磁感受和主导假说。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250252

Yoni Vortman, Robert Fitak, Eviatar Natan

{"title":"Magnetoreception and the ruling hypothesis.","authors":"Yoni Vortman, Robert Fitak, Eviatar Natan","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250252","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas science is written by humans and cannot escape emotions intervening with scientific thought, the scientific community should be on guard against unnoticeably adopting a favorite hypothesis. When adopting a favorite hypothesis, scientists tend to review their work in favor of this hypothesis and reject contradictory data. In 1890, Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin first described this phenomenon as when 'the search for facts, and their interpretation are dominated by affection for the favored theory until it appears to its advocate to have been overwhelmingly established'. The favorite hypothesis can then quickly transition into a ruling hypothesis, leading to an unconscious bias in favor of supporting evidence and neglect of contradictory observations. This is especially problematic when a scientific field adopts a favorite hypothesis. In this Commentary, we suggest that the field of animal magnetoreception - in particular mechanisms based on radical-pair chemistry and cryptochrome proteins - may be under the reign of a ruling hypothesis. We argue that repeatedly, conclusions are unfounded or otherwise not consistent with the results presented. We use the case of magnetoreception - the only sense that remains without a clearly described receptor - to raise general awareness of the phenomenon of a ruling hypothesis in the scientific community. We emphasize the distinction between the scientist and the scientific community suffering from a hypothesis regime, and further highlight suggestions to mitigate the risk of working under a ruling hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Free-ranging squirrels perform stable, above-branch landings by balancing using leg force and nonprehensile foot torque. 自由放养的松鼠通过使用腿部力量和不可抓握的脚力矩来平衡，稳定地在树枝上着陆。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249934

Sebastian D Lee, Stanley Wang, Duyi Kuang, Eric K Wang, Justin K Yim, Nathaniel H Hunt, Ronald S Fearing, Hannah S Stuart, Robert J Full

{"title":"Free-ranging squirrels perform stable, above-branch landings by balancing using leg force and nonprehensile foot torque.","authors":"Sebastian D Lee, Stanley Wang, Duyi Kuang, Eric K Wang, Justin K Yim, Nathaniel H Hunt, Ronald S Fearing, Hannah S Stuart, Robert J Full","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249934","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249934","url":null,"abstract":"For gap-crossing agility, arboreal animals require the ability to stabilize dynamic landings on branches. Despite lacking a prehensile grip, squirrels achieve stable landings using a palmar grasp. We investigated the landing dynamics of free-ranging fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) to uncover strategies for stable, above-branch landings. Using high-speed video and force-torque measurements in the sagittal plane, we quantified landing kinetics across gap distances. Squirrels rapidly managed >80% of the landing energy with their forelimbs. With larger gaps, peak leg force and foot torque increased. Alignment between forelimbs, velocity and force also increased, likely reducing joint moment. We tested control hypotheses based on an extensible pendulum model used in a physical, hopping robot named Salto. Squirrels stabilized off-target landings by modulating leg force and foot torque. To correct for undershooting, squirrels generated pull-up torques and reduced leg force. For overshooting, squirrels generated braking torques and increased leg force. Embodying control principles in leg and foot design can enable stable landings in sparse environments for animals and robots alike, even those lacking prehensile grasps.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11993264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of videos to measure dynamic body acceleration as a proxy for metabolic costs in coral reef damselfish (Chromis viridis). 利用视频测量珊瑚礁大鸨（Chromis viridis）的动态身体加速度，作为新陈代谢成本的替代指标。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249717

Kota Ishikawa, Heng Wu, Satoshi Mitarai, Amatzia Genin

引用次数: 0

A Cftr-independent, Ano1-rich seawater-adaptive ionocyte in sea lamprey gills. 七鳃鳗鳃中一种不依赖cftr、富ano1的海水适应离子细胞。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250110

Ciaran A Shaughnessy, Daniel J Hall, Jessica L Norstog, Andre Barany, Amy M Regish, Diogo Ferreira-Martins, Jason P Breves, Lisa M Komoroske, Stephen D McCormick

{"title":"A Cftr-independent, Ano1-rich seawater-adaptive ionocyte in sea lamprey gills.","authors":"Ciaran A Shaughnessy, Daniel J Hall, Jessica L Norstog, Andre Barany, Amy M Regish, Diogo Ferreira-Martins, Jason P Breves, Lisa M Komoroske, Stephen D McCormick","doi":"10.1242/jeb.250110","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.250110","url":null,"abstract":"All ionoregulating marine fishes examined to date utilize seawater-type ionocytes expressing the apical Cl- channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) to secrete Cl-. We performed transcriptomic, molecular and functional studies to identify Cl- transporters in the seawater-type ionocytes of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Gill cftr expression was minimal or undetectable in larvae and post-metamorphic juveniles. We identified other Cl- transporters highly expressed in the gills and/or upregulated following metamorphosis and further investigated two candidates that stood out in our analysis, a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, anoctamin 1 (ano1), and the Clc chloride channel family member 2 (clcn2). Of these, ano1 was expressed 10-100 times more than clcn2 in the gills; moreover, ano1 was upregulated during seawater acclimation, while clcn2 was not. Using an antibody raised against sea lamprey Ano1, we did not detect Ano1 in the gills of larvae, found elevated levels in juveniles and observed a 4-fold increase in juveniles after seawater acclimation. Ano1 was localized to seawater-type branchial ionocytes but, surprisingly, was localized to the basolateral membrane. In vivo pharmacological inhibition experiments demonstrated that a DIDS-sensitive mechanism was critical to the maintenance of osmoregulatory homeostasis in seawater- but not freshwater-acclimated sea lamprey. Taken together, our results provide evidence of a Cftr-independent mechanism for branchial Cl- secretion in sea lamprey that leverages Ano1-expressing ionocytes. Once further characterized, the Cftr-independent, Ano1-rich ionocytes of sea lamprey could reveal novel strategies for branchial Cl- secretion, whether by Ano1 or some other Cl- transporter, not previously known in ionoregulating marine organisms.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11993260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are swimming fish dual oscillator systems? A case study using free-swimming smooth dogfish sharks (Mustelus canis). 游动的鱼是双振荡器系统吗？自由游动的角鲨鲨（Mustelus canis）的案例研究。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249715

Connor F White, George V Lauder

{"title":"Are swimming fish dual oscillator systems? A case study using free-swimming smooth dogfish sharks (Mustelus canis).","authors":"Connor F White, George V Lauder","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249715","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249715","url":null,"abstract":"Fish swimming has classically been modeled as a rearwardly propagating wave of increasing amplitude and fixed frequency, based on kinematic data from large numbers of species in captivity. However, recent work on sharks swimming in natural environments has suggested that anterior and posterior body segments oscillate at different frequencies from each other. We attached accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer data loggers to the anterior and posterior body sections of smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis (n=4), and released these individuals in the wild. In over 25 h of recording, the anterior and posterior frequency estimates were within 0.1 Hz of each other for 97±1.9% of the time. Additionally, the phase differences between the anterior and posterior body regions were narrowly distributed, indicating that the anterior and posterior were phase locked at the same frequency, demonstrating that smooth dogfish are not dual oscillating locomotor systems. We highlight the fact that when comparing the frequency of oscillation along the body, emphasis needs to be placed on analyzing the phase difference between body parts with sufficient accuracy to test for significant differences, not just the dominant frequency.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breaking family bonds: pair disruption alters female adolescent spatial neophobia but not other personality traits or corticosterone stress response in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). 打破家庭纽带：配对中断改变了雌性青少年对空间新事物的恐惧，但没有改变斑胸草雀的其他人格特征和皮质酮应激反应。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249636

Marie Barou-Dagues, Chloé Peytavin, Charline Parenteau, Frédéric Angelier

{"title":"Breaking family bonds: pair disruption alters female adolescent spatial neophobia but not other personality traits or corticosterone stress response in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).","authors":"Marie Barou-Dagues, Chloé Peytavin, Charline Parenteau, Frédéric Angelier","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249636","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249636","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a sensitive period because it is associated with the ontogeny of key neurological, physiological and behavioural systems. These systems can be permanently altered by social disruption during adolescence and therefore impair an individual's ability to cope with its environment later in life. We tested whether pair disruption of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) during emancipation affects the family social structure, with potential consequences for the nutritional status, personality and corticosterone stress response of juveniles. We experimentally manipulated the social environment of 22 families during emancipation by replacing fathers with unfamiliar males (experimental families) or leaving them unchanged (control families) and monitored the prevalence of affiliative, agonistic and sexual interactions between family members. We assessed offspring growth, timing of nutritional independence, body condition as well as five personality traits and the corticosterone stress response to isolation. While we observed more agonistic and sexual behaviours in experimental families, we also observed more affiliative behaviours between experimental siblings and more maternal provisioning of the experimental juveniles. Among all the traits we tested, we only found a sex-dependent effect of the experimental treatment on spatial neophobia, suggesting that pair disruption may have long-term consequences for females' ability to cope with new environments. However, our findings suggest overall that the emancipation phase is less sensitive to social environment in comparison to the prenatal and early postnatal periods and that nutritional and social buffers may mitigate the lasting impacts of pair disruption on adolescent behavioural and stress response profiles in altricial species such as the zebra finch.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic reaction norms highlight metabolic depression as a divergence in phenotypic plasticity between oyster species under ocean acidification. 转录组反应规范强调代谢抑制是海洋酸化下牡蛎物种表型可塑性的差异。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249458

Mathieu Lutier, Fabrice Pernet, Vincent Vanaa, Carole Di Poi, Jérémy Le Luyer

{"title":"Transcriptomic reaction norms highlight metabolic depression as a divergence in phenotypic plasticity between oyster species under ocean acidification.","authors":"Mathieu Lutier, Fabrice Pernet, Vincent Vanaa, Carole Di Poi, Jérémy Le Luyer","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249458","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249458","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean acidification is occurring at a rate unprecedented for millions of years, forcing sessile organisms, such as oysters, to respond in the short term by relying on their phenotypic plasticity. But phenotypic plasticity has limits, tipping points, beyond which species will have to adapt or disappear. These limits could be related to the adaptation of species to different habitat variabilities. Here, we exposed juvenile pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera, to a broad pH range and determined the response at the gross physiological, lipidome and transcriptome levels. Thus, we identified its high tolerance with low pH tipping points at pH 7.3-6.8 below which most physiological parameters are impacted. We then compared the transcriptomic reaction norms of the tropical subtidal P. margaritifera with those of an intertidal temperate oyster, Crassostrea gigas, reusing data from a previous study. Despite showing similar tipping points to C. gigas, P. margaritifera exhibits strong mortality and depletion of energy reserves below these tipping points, which is not the case for C. gigas. This divergence relies mainly on the induction of metabolic depression, an adaptation to intertidal habitats in C. gigas but not P. margaritifera. Our method makes it possible to detect divergence in phenotypic plasticity, probably linked to the species' specific life-history strategies related to different habitats, which will determine the survival of species in the face of ongoing global changes. Such an approach is particularly relevant for studying the physiology of species in a world where physiological tipping points will increasingly be exceeded.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial respiration capacity impacts gill tissue regeneration in Atlantic salmon. 线粒体呼吸能力影响大西洋鲑鱼鳃组织再生。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249704

Ensiyeh Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni, Benjamin Negrete, Simon R M Jones, Mark D Fast, Colin J Brauner

{"title":"Mitochondrial respiration capacity impacts gill tissue regeneration in Atlantic salmon.","authors":"Ensiyeh Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni, Benjamin Negrete, Simon R M Jones, Mark D Fast, Colin J Brauner","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249704","DOIUrl":"10.1242/jeb.249704","url":null,"abstract":"Gill regeneration in fish varies inter- and intra-specifically. The latter may be associated with myriad factors including capacity of energy metabolism. This study investigated whether mitochondrial respiration capacity influences the degree of gill regeneration and features of mitochondria in regenerated tissue by feeding fish an experimental diet aimed at modulating mitochondrial efficiency. Atlantic salmon reared on standard and experimental diet were subjected to 50% filament resection on a subset of filaments on the ventral and dorsal regions of the first gill arch. Mitochondrial respiration and citrate synthase activity (CSA) were measured in the resected tips of filaments (week-0) and then in the regenerated tissue at 20 weeks post-resection (week-20). The degree of filament regeneration was measured at week-20. The experimental diet reduced CSA and respiratory control ratio (RCR), and increased proton leak at week-0, which was associated with a 30% reduction in tissue regeneration compared with fish on standard diet. While CSA increased in the regenerated tissue of experimental diet fish, there was a decline in other metrics of mitochondrial respiration including state 3, proton leak and RCR irrespective of diet. Overall, mitochondrial respiration efficiency at week-0 was positively correlated with the degree of subsequent gill tissue regeneration. Additionally, state 3 respiration and proton leak at week-20 were positively correlated with tissue regeneration, whereas CSA exhibited a negative relationship. Our results indicate that the capacity of mitochondrial respiration may at least partially explain the inter-individual variation in tissue regeneration, but mitochondrial function in the regenerating tissue may be limited.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring new depths: king penguins break dive records during the austral winter. 探索新的深度：帝企鹅在南方的冬天打破了潜水记录。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.250184

Maëlle Oberlin, Manfred R Enstipp, Céline Le Bohec, Robin Dardel, Charles-André Bost, Yves Handrich

引用次数: 0

Constraints on percussive seismic signals in a noisy environment by European fiddler crabs, Afruca tangeri. 欧洲招潮蟹（Afruca tangeri）在嘈杂环境中对冲击地震信号的约束。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249323

Tom Mulder, Yiyuan Yang, Ellen Morley, Thomas E Miller, Daniel Hending, Graham K Taylor, Beth Mortimer

{"title":"Constraints on percussive seismic signals in a noisy environment by European fiddler crabs, Afruca tangeri.","authors":"Tom Mulder, Yiyuan Yang, Ellen Morley, Thomas E Miller, Daniel Hending, Graham K Taylor, Beth Mortimer","doi":"10.1242/jeb.249323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249323","url":null,"abstract":"Many animals communicate using seismic vibrations. Signaller morphology, signal production method and environmental factors impose interacting constraints that may be impossible to replicate in the laboratory, making it essential to study seismic communication in situ. Here, we focused on the constraints on percussive seismic signals in European fiddler crabs (Afruca tangeri), recording a large dataset of percussive seismic signals in situ, and testing for waveform differences as a function of signaller morphology and behaviour. In addition, we aimed to characterise signal degradation and interference by seismic noise from wind and vibrated vegetation in the natural environment. We obtained over 8000 percussive seismic signal recordings, and found that although the length, rhythm and loudness of the signals all varied as a function of behaviour, their frequency content did not. Consequently, behaviours could be discriminated based on seismic recordings alone. Larger claws were only associated with louder signals in the case of claw drumming behaviours, but morphology did not affect percussive signal features otherwise. Environmental effects on percussive signals were substantial as signals attenuated significantly over distance, and wind speed was positively correlated with seismic noise, albeit independently of distance to vegetation. We conclude that percussive seismic signals are limited in their ability to convey information through frequency, but that their broadband nature is advantageous in the face of noise and frequency filtering by the substrate. In contrast, changing the amplitude and repetition rate of a percussive signal offers a simple but effective means for small animals to communicate seismically in noisy environments.","PeriodicalId":15786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"228 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0