{"title":"Resveratrol is converted to the ring portion of coenzyme Q10 and raises intracellular coenzyme Q10 levels in HepG2 cell.","authors":"Rena Okuizumi, Riku Harata, Mizuho Okamoto, Seiji Sato, Kyosuke Sugawara, Yukina Aida, Akari Nakamura, Akio Fujisawa, Yorihiro Yamamoto, Misato Kashiba","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.24-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.24-70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coenzyme Q10 is an essential lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system and an important antioxidant. It declines with age and in various diseases, there is a need for a method to compensate for the decrease in coenzyme Q10. Resveratrol, a well-known anti-aging compound, has been shown to undergo metabolism to coenzyme Q10's benzene ring moiety in cells. However, administration of resveratrol did not alter or only slightly increased total intracellular coenzyme Q10 levels in many cell types. Synthesis of coenzyme Q10 requires not only the benzene ring moiety but also the side chain moiety. Biosynthesis of the side chain portion of coenzyme Q10 is mediated by the mevalonic acid pathway. Here, we explore the impact of resveratrol on coenzyme Q10 levels in HepG2 cells, which possess a robust mevalonic acid pathway. As a results, intracellular coenzyme Q10 levels were increased by resveratrol administration. Analysis using <sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>-resveratrol revealed that the benzene ring portion of resveratrol was converted to coenzyme Q10. Inhibition of the mevalonic acid pathway prevented the increase in coenzyme Q10 levels induced by resveratrol administration. These results indicate that resveratrol may be beneficial as a coenzyme Q10-enhancing reagent in cells with a well-developed mevalonic acid pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiyi Zheng, Yi Zhang, Xiaozhou Gong, Zhangyu Teng, Jun Chen
{"title":"CREB1 regulates RECQL4 to inhibit mitophagy and promote esophageal cancer metastasis.","authors":"Shiyi Zheng, Yi Zhang, Xiaozhou Gong, Zhangyu Teng, Jun Chen","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.23-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.23-118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitophagy plays a vital role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. However, the research on the mechanism of mitophagy in esophageal cancer metastasis is limited. This study explored the regulatory mechanism of RECQL4 in mitophagy and affects esophageal cancer metastasis. The RECQL4 expression in esophageal cancer tissues and cells was examined by bioinformatics and qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis was used to determine the upstream regulatory factor of RECQL4 and CREB1. Their binding relationship was evaluated by dual luciferase and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assays. The effects of RECQL4 on esophageal cancer cells viability, metastasis, and mitophagy were examined using CCK-8, Transwell, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays. The expression of RECQL4 was up-regulated in esophageal cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of RECQL4 promoted the cells viability, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting mitophagy. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a positive correlation between RECQL4 and CREB1, their binding relationship was validatied by dual luciferase and ChIP assays. CREB1 knockdown promoted mitophagy and prevented the metastasis of cancer cells, which could be countered by overexpressing RECQL4. In conclusion, CREB1 was found to transcriptionally activate RECQL4 to inhibit mitophagy, thereby promoting esophageal cancer metastasis. Targeting mitophagy could be an effective therapeutic approach for esophageal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethanol enhances selenoprotein P expression via ERK-FoxO3a axis in HepG2 cells.","authors":"Jian Chen, Yuichiro Mita, Noriko Noguchi","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.23-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.23-104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drinking alcohol is considered one of the risk factors for development of diabetes mellitus. Recently, it was reported that selenoprotein P levels in blood are increased by ethanol intake. However, the mechanism by which ethanol increases selenoprotein P has not been elucidated. The expression of selenoprotein P protein and its mRNA were increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner when human liver-derived HepG2 cells were treated with ethanol. Levels of AMPK and JNK proteins, which have been known to regulate selenoprotein P transcription, were unchanged by ethanol treatment. However, the amount of nuclear FoxO3a, a transcription factor of SeP, was increased. This was associated with dephosphorylation of ERK1 but not ERK2. It was found that ERK1 was dephosphorylated by activation of dual-specific phosphatase 5 and dual-specific phosphatase 6. However, the phosphorylation of MEK by ERK phosphokinase was not affected by ethanol treatment. These results suggest that the ethanol-induced increase in SeP levels occurs by enhanced transcription of SeP mRNA via the DUSP5/6-ERK1-FoxO3a pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dietary flaxseed oil suppresses hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia through increasing in α-linolenic acid content in the muscle.","authors":"Midori Seike, Yasuko Makino, Yoko Yamashita, Hitoshi Ashida","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.23-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.23-78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Types of fats and oils affect the onset of lifestyle diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the postprandial hyperglycemia and fatty acids content in the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice given 20% lard, palm oil, corn oil, safflower oil, and flaxseed oil for 16 weeks. Lard increased plasma glucose and insulin levels at the end of feeding period, whereas flaxseed oil did not. It was noteworthy that there is a positive correlation between palmitic acid content in the muscle and postprandial hyperglycemia, and a negative correlation between α-linolenic acid content and hyperglycemia. Alternatively, mice were given 30% lard for 16 weeks. When lard was partially substituted with flaxseed oil (10-50% substitution), flaxseed oil dose-dependently prevented lard-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, flaxseed oil prevents the adverse effects of lard through increasing in α-linolenic acid content in the muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between upper limb muscle quality and knee osteoarthritis in dynapenia: an observational cross-sectional study.","authors":"Takahiro Kishimoto, Hidenori Onishi, Hiromasa Tsubouchi, Yasutaka Mizukami, Masafumi Kubota, Ryouko Ikeda, Naohiro Konoshita, Tokuharu Tanaka, Koji Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Osamu Yamamura","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.24-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.24-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological and skeletal muscle properties are suggested causes of dynapenia. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between upper limb muscle quality (grip strength/upper extremity muscle mass) and knee osteoarthritis in dynapenia, and to identify dynapenia-associated factors. Elderly individuals who responded to a public call for screening in Wakasa Town, Fukui Prefecture between June 2019 and November 2021 were included. The analysis included 433 participants (304 women aged 76.0 ± 7.1 years). Examination comprised (consecutively) a basic interview, physical function measurement, body composition measurement, and explanation of results. Dynapenia was observed in 67 patients. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that age, upper limb muscle quality score, and knee osteoarthritis were independent factors for dynapenia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the relationship between dynapenia and upper limb muscle quality showed an area under the curve of 0.806 (95% confidence interval: 0.658-0.953) for men (cut-off value, 14.3 kg/kg) and 0.849 for women (95% confidence interval: 0.858-0.968; cut-off value, 14.0 kg/kg). In conclusion, age, upper limb muscle quality, and knee osteoarthritis were independent factors of dynapenia. We demonstrated that upper limb muscle quality has good accuracy in detecting dynapenia in both men and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of reference interval for neutrophil activity evaluation systems: a interim report.","authors":"Tomomi Shinke, Naoya Hattori, Yukiko Hatano, Chikako Inoguchi, Toshiyuki Miwa, Hiroshi Yoshida, Kimiko Kazumura","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.24-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.24-61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophils play an important role in innate immunity and produce reactive oxygen species, but they can also cause inflammation and oxidative stress that can damage their own tissues. We have developed neutrophil activity evaluation systems that simultaneously monitors superoxide radicals and hypochlorite ions secreted by stimulated neutrophils in a few microliters of whole blood and have conducted clinical studies in humans. Here, we report normal reference intervals with our systems based on the results of 3,082 persons who underwent comprehensive cancer screening between February 2020 and March 2022. A total of 344 were extracted as reference individuals based on the results of the cancer screening and the reference intervals of the two systems were interim estimated considering gender and age. Reference intervals can be used as a marker of sub-clinical inflam-mation, which is difficult to detect with other blood markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caveolae and caveolin-1 as targets of dietary polyphenols for protection against vascular endothelial dysfunction.","authors":"Junji Terao","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.24-30","DOIUrl":"10.3164/jcbn.24-30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caveolae, consisting of caveolin-1 proteins, are ubiquitously present in endothelial cells and contribute to normal cardiovascular functions by acting as a platform for cellular signaling pathways as well as transcytosis and endocytosis. However, caveolin-1 is thought to have a proatherogenic role by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and Nrf2 activation, or by promoting inflammation through NF-κB activation. Dietary polyphenols were suggested to exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by a mechanism involving the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction, by which they can regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways in relation to NF-κB and Nrf2 activation. Some monomeric polyphenols and microbiota-derived catabolites from monomeric polyphenols or polymeric tannins might be responsible for the inhibition, because they can be transferred into the circulation from the digestive tract. Several polyphenols were reported to modulate caveolin-1 expression or its localization in caveolae. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating polyphenols affect caveolae functions by altering its structure leading to the release of caveolin-1 from caveolae, and attenuating redox-sensitive signaling pathway-dependent caveolin-1 overexpression. Further studies using circulating polyphenols at a physiologically relevant level are necessary to clarify the mechanism of action of dietary polyphenols targeting caveolae and caveolin-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamires M Santana, Sarah J Caria, Giovanna C G Carlini, Marcelo M Rogero, José Donato, Mariana R Tavares, Inar A Castro
{"title":"<i>Trans</i>-resveratrol reduced hepatic oxidative stress in an animal model without inducing an upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.","authors":"Tamires M Santana, Sarah J Caria, Giovanna C G Carlini, Marcelo M Rogero, José Donato, Mariana R Tavares, Inar A Castro","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.23-124","DOIUrl":"10.3164/jcbn.23-124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trans</i>-resveratrol, a widely used supplement for humans, aims to enhance the body's antioxidant defense. Studies suggest that it exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In order to evaluate this hypothesis, LDLr<sup>(-/-)</sup> mice were fed a Western diet to induce liver inflammation and oxidative stress. One group was fed a diet containing 0.60 mg/day of <i>trans</i>-resveratrol (RESV), while another group received no dietary supplementation (CONT). Oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in liver homogenates. It was observed that <i>trans</i>-resveratrol decreased hepatic oxidative stress by increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. However, the RESV group exhibited a reduction in Nrf2 relative expression compared to CONT. Additionally, <i>trans</i>-resveratrol supplementation reduced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression but led to an increase in IL-6, with no significant changes observed in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations. Overall, these findings indicate that the <i>in vivo</i> antioxidant impact induced by <i>trans</i>-resveratrol supplementation in hepatic tissue did not correlate with increase of inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2 relative expression. Further exploration of alternative mechanisms, such as direct radical scavenger activity, is warranted to elucidate the antioxidant effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic predicted causal inferences between antioxidants and birth weight.","authors":"Yanping Zhang, Mei Wu, Huihui Wang, Wenbo Zhou","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.24-2","DOIUrl":"10.3164/jcbn.24-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Observational studies have suggested a relationship between antioxidants and birth weight. However, the causal association remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between antioxidants and birth weight. Genome wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 4 endogenous and 7 exogenous antioxidants, as well as birth weight were obtained from GWAS studies and UK biobank. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted with fixed-effects model inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary analytical method, while MR Egger and weighted median used as auxiliary. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. The MR results revealed that genetically predicted higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) (β = 0.025; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.043; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and zinc (β = 0.030; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.047; <i>p</i> = 0.001) levels were associated with higher birth weight. Sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the MR results. Our study reinforced the existing evidence supporting a significant positive association between SOD and zinc with birth weight, providing new genetic evidence for antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy to prevent low birth weight infants. Further deeper comprehension studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heat-treated and/or lysozyme-treated <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (FK-23) improves the progression of renal disease in a unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model.","authors":"Shigekazu Takemura, Yukiko Minamiyama, Norihiko Ito, Atsushi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Ichikawa, Kanako Nakagawa, Shinya Toyokuni, Mayuko Osada-Oka, Toshikazu Yoshikawa","doi":"10.3164/jcbn.24-29","DOIUrl":"10.3164/jcbn.24-29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing owing to the elderly population. Here, we investigated the effects of heat-treated <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (FK-23) and lysozyme-treated FK-23 (LFK) on the progression of CKD in rats. A CKD model was established using male Wistar rats by subjecting them to right nephrectomy (1K), followed by ischemia and reperfusion (IR). FK-23 or LFK was fed <i>ad libitum</i> as a mixed diet after right nephrectomy. Animals subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) showed increased plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Furthermore, in the kidneys, collagen accumulation and α-smooth muscle actin, indicative of fibroblast activation and fibrosis-related gene and protein expression, increased 3 weeks after IRI. FK-23 and LFK suppressed the increase in the mRNA levels of some of these genes. The increase in oxidative stress markers, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nitrotyrosine in the kidney, as well as increased plasma uremic toxins after IRI, were also ameliorated by FK-23 and LFK. Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples revealed that gut microbial alteration caused by IRI was also ameliorated by LFK treatment. These results suggest that <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> ingredients may improve CKD progression by suppressing oxidative stress and correcting the balance of the intestinal microflora.</p>","PeriodicalId":15429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}