Journal of biomechanics最新文献

Corrigendum to "Predictive estimation of ovine hip joint centers: Neural networks vs. linear regression" [J. Biomech. 182 (2025) 112552]. “神经网络与线性回归的对比研究”[J]。生物医学杂志，2002,26(5):357 - 357。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112985

Aaron Henry, Carson Benner, Anish Easwaran, Likhitha Veerapalli, Dana Gaddy, Larry J Suva, Andrew B Robbins

引用次数: 0

Spatial variation of surface electromyography amplitude and force relationships of proximal, middle, and distal sites of vastus lateralis muscle at various knee joint angles. 不同膝关节角度下股外侧肌近、中、远端肌表电位振幅及力关系的空间变化。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113007

Shun Kunugi, Kohei Watanabe

{"title":"Spatial variation of surface electromyography amplitude and force relationships of proximal, middle, and distal sites of vastus lateralis muscle at various knee joint angles.","authors":"Shun Kunugi, Kohei Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface electromyography (sEMG) provides useful information to understand neuromuscular activity during various human movements. However, we need to pay attention to the interpretation of sEMG signals during dynamic movements because sEMG signals are affected by changes in the geometrical arrangement between the electrode and muscle fibers/innervation zone when the joint angle is changed. This study aimed to quantify the effect of changes in the joint angle on the sEMG amplitude and its spatial variation at various sites along a muscle. Thirteen male performed isometric knee extension at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 % of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and at inner knee joint angles of 80°, 100°, 120°, 140°, and 160°. High-density sEMG was recorded using 64-channel electrode grids at the proximal, middle, and distal sites of the vastus lateralis muscle and the sEMG amplitude was normalized to that at an 80°knee joint angle during MVC for each electrode. Mean values and standard deviations of the normalized sEMG amplitudes within each electrode grid were calculated. Significant effects of the electrode site, joint angle, and force levels were observed in these values. The distal site showed significantly lower mean values at 20-60 % MVC but not at 80-100 % MVC. The standard deviation was significantly greater at distal sites at 120°-160°of the knee joint angle and at 60-100 % MVC. These findings suggest that the sEMG amplitude in the vastus lateralis muscle may be less sensitive to geometrical changes when signals are detected at proximal and middle sites. Therefore, caution should be taken when assessing sEMG signals from the distal site, as they may be more susceptible to spatial variations due to joint angle and muscle contraction level.</p>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"193 ","pages":"113007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concurrent validity of IMU and phone-based markerless systems for lower-limb kinematics during cognitively-challenging landing tasks. 在认知挑战性着陆任务中，IMU和基于手机的无标记系统对下肢运动学的并发有效性。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112883

Filippo Bertozzi, Claudia Brunetti, Pietro Maver, Marco Palombi, Matilde Santini, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini

{"title":"Concurrent validity of IMU and phone-based markerless systems for lower-limb kinematics during cognitively-challenging landing tasks.","authors":"Filippo Bertozzi, Claudia Brunetti, Pietro Maver, Marco Palombi, Matilde Santini, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alternative technologies, such as IMU and low-cost markerless systems, may overcome the drawbacks of optoelectronic marker-based motion capture systems (OMS) in sports non-contact injury risk screening, but the precision of collected kinematic data must be validated in comparison to OMS. This study assessed the concurrent validity of the Xsens IMU and phone-based OpenCap systems for lower-limb kinematics during cognitively-challenging landing tasks. Thirty competitive athletes (13 females, 17 males) performed unplanned jump-land-jump tasks towards lateral secondary directions while kinematics was simultaneously recorded with OMS, Xsens, and OpenCap. The agreement of lower limb joint discrete (initial contact and peak) values was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. Kinematic waveforms validity and similarity were evaluated through RMSE, normalized RMSE (NRMSE), and coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC). All systems were also compared using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) ANOVA. Time series exhibited very strong similarity (CMC > 0.85) on the sagittal plane for both systems. Highly variable validity and agreement were found based on the joint and plane considered. The lowest error and bias were found for knee flexion (NRMSE ≤ 10%), while the hip rotation demonstrated the lowest agreement for both systems. SPM reported significantly different clusters across the contact phase between the systems for most kinematic variables. The findings corroborate that IMU- and phone-based systems generate sagittal joint kinematic waveforms that are comparable in shape with respect to OMS, although magnitude differences were observed for hip flexion. However, the validity of kinematics in the transverse and frontal plane (knee data not available in OpenCap) was limited, as variability and systematic errors must be acknowledged.</p>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"112883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knee abduction moment waveforms and effect sizes during sidestepping interventions: A critical perspective to inform adequately powered future studies. 回避干预期间的膝关节外展力矩波形和效应大小：为未来研究提供充分支持的关键观点。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112896

Hazel Tucker, Jos Vanrenterghem, Todd C Pataky, Mark A Robinson

{"title":"Knee abduction moment waveforms and effect sizes during sidestepping interventions: A critical perspective to inform adequately powered future studies.","authors":"Hazel Tucker, Jos Vanrenterghem, Todd C Pataky, Mark A Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The knee abduction moment (KAM) is often chosen as target of intervention studies to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Outcome variables such as the KAM should be reproducible and responsive to change. This study critically evaluated the suitability of the KAM as an outcome variable for sidestepping interventions. Firstly, peak KAM effect sizes from either a within-day technique manipulation or long-term intervention studies were extracted using a systematic literature search. Effect sizes varied substantially from small to large effects. Secondly, power reporting practice across intervention studies was evaluated and was found to be generally not reproducible. Thirdly, KAM profiles were digitised to establish the consistency of reported KAM signals and to establish a representative KAM profile. Lastly, median KAM effect sizes from a within-day technique manipulation and long-term interventions were separately combined with the representative KAM profile for a hypothetical KAM reduction input to a waveform-level sample size estimation analysis. Sample sizes to observe a reduction of the median KAM effect size were ∼255 for a within-day technique manipulation and ∼360 long-term interventions. Intervention studies tended to observe smaller effect sizes than were calculated in their power analysis. Sample sizes needed to power hypothetical KAM reduction studies with median effect sizes were somewhat prohibitive. These results support the accumulating evidence that the KAM is not a suitable primary outcome measure against which intervention studies should be designed and evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"112896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stochastic modelling of muscle control during shoulder abduction 肩部外展时肌肉控制的随机模型

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112993

Alex Bersani , Saulo Martelli , Maxence Lavaill , Giorgio Davico

{"title":"Stochastic modelling of muscle control during shoulder abduction","authors":"Alex Bersani , Saulo Martelli , Maxence Lavaill , Giorgio Davico","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intrinsic variability of the shoulder joint motion is a critical factor in the characterisation of the shoulder joint. However, traditional computational approaches struggle to account for it. On the other hand, the stochastic approach allows to identify a set of plausible solutions. In this study, the Myobolica toolbox, which yielded promising results in the lower limb, was employed to simulate a shoulder abduction, with twofold aims: to assess its generalisability to other joints, and to evaluate an electromyography (EMG)-informed version of Myobolica.</div><div>Publicly available kinematics, EMG, and glenohumeral (GH) joint force data measured by an instrumented implant on a 64-year-old man executing three weighted shoulder abductions were used. A previously developed shoulder musculoskeletal model was employed to compute stochastic simulations informed and not with EMG data, sampling 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> solutions every 30 timeframes. The predicted GH joint force were compared to the experimental data, and the variance in the solutions across simulations was computed.</div><div>Overall, the correlation between the GH joint force predicted by Myobolica and the experimental values increased when the EMG-based constraint was applied (from approximately R<sup>2</sup> = 0.06, RMSE = 1.82 BW to R<sup>2</sup> = 0.6, RMSE = 0.73 BW when all available EMG data were employed). Using EMG led to a reduction (from 2.3 to 0.65 BW) in the solution bandwidths.</div><div>Providing EMG data to inform the simulations helped improve their accuracy. However, the results obtained otherwise remain promising. Additional work is required to minimize the computational cost of the Myobolica approach. A consistency gap between experimental data and the model is reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 112993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of hamstring flexibility and trunk flexion posture on creep deformation of viscoelastic lumbar tissues: An exploratory study. 腿筋柔韧性和躯干弯曲姿势对腰椎粘弹性组织蠕变影响的探索性研究。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112895

Sang Hyeon Kang

{"title":"Effects of hamstring flexibility and trunk flexion posture on creep deformation of viscoelastic lumbar tissues: An exploratory study.","authors":"Sang Hyeon Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores theeffects of hamstring flexibility on the creep deformation of viscoelastic lumbar tissues and its interaction with trunk flexion angles and exposure-recovery schedules. Sixteen participants, divided into two groups (low-flexible, high-flexible) based on hamstring flexibility, performed four 30-minute protocols with alternating intervals of trunk flexion (exposure) and upright standing (recovery). The protocols included combinations of two trunk flexion postures (maximal, submaximal) and two exposure-recovery schedules (3:6 min schedule, 1:2 min schedule) tested on four separate days. Before and after the protocol, trunk flexion-extension motions were employed to capture the changes in lumbar flexion angles of flexion-relaxation (EMG-off) in lumbar paraspinals, denoting lumbar spinal creep. The results revealed no significant main effect of individual hamstring flexibility but showed a significant interaction between flexibility and trunk flexion posture on the EMG-off lumbar flexion angles. The low-flexible group exhibited significantly greater EMG-off angles in the maximal posture (Δ2.4 on average) compared to the submaximal posture (Δ0.7), while the high-flexible group showed no effect. The analysis of lumbopelvic posture during sustained trunk flexion postures supported that altered pelvic angles as a function of individual hamstring flexibility may affect passive tissue loading at, or near, maximal flexion postures. These results suggest that reduced hamstring flexibility can play a significant role in spinal tissue creep with different trunk flexion postures. This work is a secondary analysis of a dataset previously published by Kang and Mirka (2025a), designed to address a distinct research question related to hamstring flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"112895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of elastic deformation and rigid displacement soft tissue artefact on glenohumeral axial rotation. 弹性变形和刚性位移软组织假体对盂肱关节轴向旋转的影响。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112893

Martin B Warner, Markus O Heller

{"title":"The effect of elastic deformation and rigid displacement soft tissue artefact on glenohumeral axial rotation.","authors":"Martin B Warner, Markus O Heller","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measurement of axial rotation of the humerus using marker-based motion capture is compromised due to soft tissue artefact. The aim of this study was to quantify the elastic deformation of markers on the humerus and evaluate the combined effects of elastic deformation and rigid displacement of the markers on humeral kinematics during axial rotation. Thirteen wheelchair users performed active humeral internal rotation whilst a Vicon motion capture system tracked 12 retro-reflective markers placed on the arm. Elastic deformation was quantified using the Optimal Common Shape Technique (OCST) and Ordinary Procrustes Analysis (OPA). The combined effects of elastic deformation and rigid marker displacement were quantified by comparing kinematics derived from only the humeral markers to the kinematics derived using the forearm segment (benchmark measurement). Elastic deformation of the markers demonstrated a systematic variation in the deformation pattern across the arm where the proximal markers lagged and the distal markers proceeded the OPA fitted reference shape of the marker cluster. There was a significant 48.7° underestimation in the range of axial rotation (P < 0.001). A secondary analysis was performed utilising only the distal arm markers on the humerus. The underestimation in axial rotation range of motion reduced to 25.9° and was not significantly different to the benchmark measurement from neutral through to internal rotation. Systematic elastic deformation of markers was present across the upper limb segment that adversely affected the estimation of humeral axial rotation. Careful selection of marker position for the arm cluster is needed minimise the effect of soft tissue artefact.</p>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"112893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinematic and kinetic analysis of sit-to-stand and stair-walking with dynamic robot-assisted body weight unloading. 动态机器人辅助卸重的坐立和楼梯行走运动学与动力学分析。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112891

Jon Skovgaard Jensen, Jakob Lindberg Nielsen, Anders Stengaard Sørensen, Per Aagaard, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Jens Bojsen-Møller

{"title":"Kinematic and kinetic analysis of sit-to-stand and stair-walking with dynamic robot-assisted body weight unloading.","authors":"Jon Skovgaard Jensen, Jakob Lindberg Nielsen, Anders Stengaard Sørensen, Per Aagaard, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Jens Bojsen-Møller","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body weight unloading (BWU) can be achieved by applying a vertical upwards force to the body centre of mass, which reduces the kinetic requirements of walking, hence it may be useful for supporting bipedal locomotion in persons with severe mobility limitations. However, the applicability of BWU for sit-to-stand and stair-walking tasks has not been well investigated. Thus, the present study aimed to perform kinematic and kinetic analysis of sit-to-stand and stair-walking in young healthy adults using dynamic robot-assisted BWU. Twenty participants performed sit-to-stand and stair-walking at a self-selected speed at 0-50 % BWU. Ground reaction forces (GRFs), sagittal plane ankle, knee, and hip joint angles, and body centre of mass displacement and velocity were obtained using 3D motion capture and a force plate. To compare different BWU conditions, signal trajectories were time-normalised and analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). Signal trajectories were subsequently analysed to separate amplitude and temporal effects. Main effects of BWU were observed for all kinematic and kinetic variables obtained (p < 0.05) during sit-to-stand and stair-walking. Post-hoc analyses revealed progressive reductions in GRFs and concurrent modulations in lower limb joint angles at increasing BWU (p < 0.01). As hypothesised, dynamic robot-assisted BWU yielded reduced kinetic requirements during sit-to-stand and stair-walking in young healthy adults. However, statistical separation of amplitude versus timing effects revealed significant alterations in joint angle trajectories, especially at higher BWU intensities. Regardless, robotic-assisted BWU may facilitate sit-to-stand and stair-walking movements with variable loading-intensities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"112891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlating head kinematics and cervical cerebrospinal fluid pressure transients in simulated whiplash exposures. 模拟鞭打暴露中头部运动学和颈脑脊液压力瞬变的相关性

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112994

Nikoo Soltan, Mats Y Svensson, Claire F Jones, Peter A Cripton, Gunter P Siegmund

{"title":"Correlating head kinematics and cervical cerebrospinal fluid pressure transients in simulated whiplash exposures.","authors":"Nikoo Soltan, Mats Y Svensson, Claire F Jones, Peter A Cripton, Gunter P Siegmund","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The origin and mechanics of whiplash injury from motor vehicle collisions are poorly understood. Among the proposed injury mechanisms, the inertial loading of the head and neck during whiplash exposures is theorized to produce injurious cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) transients. To better understand the mechanics and modal behavior of CSFP transients during whiplash exposures, we quantified the time-frequency relationship between input head kinematics and cervical CSFP responses in an in vivo pig model. Wavelet coherence analysis was used to correlate seven head kinematic parameters (including temporal Neck Injury Criterion, NIC) with CSFP during simulated extension and flexion whiplash exposures. Overall, the first and last 50 ms of exposures, and frequency ranges between 30-65 Hz had larger coherences between head kinematics and CSFP, with higher coherences in extension exposures than flexion exposures. NIC did not universally outperform other head kinematic parameters as a correlate of CSFP. These findings highlight the complexity of the dynamics involved in generating CSFP transients in the cervical spine during whiplash exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"193 ","pages":"112994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiologically-constrained decomposition of vertical ground reaction forces using gaussian basis functions: A full-curve approach to gait characterization 基于高斯基函数的垂直地面反作用力的生理约束分解：步态表征的全曲线方法

IF 2.4 3区医学

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112990

Thomas Ertelt

{"title":"Physiologically-constrained decomposition of vertical ground reaction forces using gaussian basis functions: A full-curve approach to gait characterization","authors":"Thomas Ertelt","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to test whether a healthy-derived, phase-anchored μ template can approximate pathological vGRF waveforms and quantify deviations relative to normative patterns. Traditional peak-based metrics capture only fragments of gait dynamics. This study introduces a physiologically anchored model that reconstructs the entire vertical ground-reaction-force (vGRF) curve with eight Gaussian basis functions, each linked to a specific sub-phase of stance. Ninety-one published vGRF traces representing healthy walking and running, post-stroke recovery stages, total-hip-arthroplasty gait, transtibial and foot-prosthesis use, and athletic sprinting were digitised, amplitude- and time-normalised, and fitted with constrained non-linear optimisation. Position parameters (μ) were restricted to ± 1 standard deviation around phase-specific mean values, while amplitudes (A) and widths (σ) were freely optimised. The model reproduced GRF morphology with coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) from 0.95 to 0.99 and root-mean-square errors below 0.03 body-weight across all conditions. Fixed μ values alone reconstructed a reference walking curve with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.996, demonstrating the validity of the phase template. Radar plot visualisations of A and σ revealed characteristic deviations that were obscured in peak-based analysis: elevated mid-stance loads and diminished push-off in post-stroke gait, broadened mid-stance components after hip arthroplasty, and attenuated late-stance amplitudes in prosthetic limbs. The eight-component Gaussian model provides a concise 24-parameter representation of vGRF trajectories, enabling accurate, interpretable and storage-efficient gait profiling. Its phase-anchored structure enhances diagnostic sensitivity, supports progress monitoring in rehabilitation, and is readily transferable to wearable or large-scale database applications. Radar plots offer an exploratory summary of gait morphology, supporting objective comparisons within and between individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 112990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0