Journal of biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"What about the mechanical behaviour and modelling of arteries in radial direction?","authors":"Itziar Ríos-Ruíz ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Martínez ,&nbsp;Estefanía Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the physiological behaviour of arteries in the radial direction is crucial for establishing a reference point to detect and analyse pathological changes. In this study, the influence of the radial component of the aorta will be investigated by performing experimental tests on porcine aortic tissue in the three main directions of the aorta: circumferential, longitudinal and radial. The results obtained in all directions will be analysed and compared in order to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the healthy behaviour of the vessel.</div><div>Our results demonstrate that the aorta exhibits nonlinear behaviour under compression and tensile loading in the radial direction. Moreover, tissue stiffening progresses more prominently under compression compared to tensile loading. We have found that the tensile stiffness in the ATA is higher compared to the other two regions examined. The Neo-Hookean and Demiray models were selected to describe the isotropic contribution when fitting the uniaxial response of the circumferential and longitudinal samples using the GOH model. Neo-Hookean model fall short (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>235</mn></mrow></math></span>) in accurately replicating the observed behaviour of the aorta in the radial direction and Demiray model showing better fitting results (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>994</mn></mrow></math></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143210027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vastus lateralis muscle architecture, quality, and stiffness are determinants of maximal performance in athletes?","authors":"Fábio Juner Lanferdini ,&nbsp;Heinrich Leon Souza Viera ,&nbsp;Lucas Gidiel-Machado ,&nbsp;Tiago Dutra Leite-Nunes ,&nbsp;Isadora Miotto Soldatelli ,&nbsp;Lauren Benetti Porporatti ,&nbsp;Silvana Correa Matheus ,&nbsp;Daniela Lopes dos Santos ,&nbsp;Michele Forgiarini Saccol ,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Freire Royes","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding intrinsic muscular adaptations more deeply can help clarify their relationships with sports performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if vastus lateralis muscle architecture, quality and stiffness can explain knee extensor maximal torque and countermovement and squat jump performance of athletes. One hundred and two athletes were evaluated based on the architecture, quality and stiffness of the vastus lateralis at rest. Furthermore, the knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contraction and maximal concentric contraction at 60°/s and vertical jumps countermovement and squat jump performance were measured. Stepwise linear regression showed vastus lateralis echo intensity and muscle thickness determine knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contraction (r² = 0.435) and knee extensor maximal concentric contraction at 60°/s (r² = 0.400) in athletes. Moreover, vastus lateralis echo intensity, muscle thickness and pennation angle can determine athletes’ performance during countermovement (r² = 0.439–0.578) and squat-jump (r² = 0.459–0.570). The findings emphasize that vastus lateralis muscle architecture and quality is an important determinant of maximal knee extensor torque (40–44 %) and countermovement (44–58 %) and squat-jump (46–57 %) performance. Our results demonstrate that the muscle architecture and quality of the vastus lateralis are important determinants of torque and power output performance across various sports disciplines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of running gait variability measures calculated from inertial measurement units","authors":"Ben. D.M. Jones ,&nbsp;Jon Wheat ,&nbsp;Kane Middleton ,&nbsp;David L. Carey ,&nbsp;Ben Heller","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes to the variability within biomechanical signals may reflect a change in the health of the human system. However, for running gait variability measures calculated from wearable device data, it is unknown whether a between-day difference reflects a shift in system dynamics reflective of a change in human health or is a result of poor between-day reliability of the measurement device or the biomechanical signal. This study investigated the reliability of stride time and sacral acceleration variability measures calculated from inertial measurement units (IMUs). Nineteen runners completed six treadmill running trials on two occasions seven days apart. Stride time and sacral acceleration signals were obtained using IMUs. Stride time variability and complexity were calculated using the coefficient of variation (CV) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), respectively. Sacral acceleration regularity was quantified using sample entropy with a range of input parameters <em>m</em> (vector length) and <em>r</em> (similarity threshold). Between-day reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change. Stride time CV displayed moderate relative reliability (ICC = 0.672), but with a large absolute minimum detectable change = 0.525 %, whilst stride time DFA-α displayed poor relative reliability (ICC = 0.457) and yielded large minimum detectable changes (≥ 0.208). Sample entropy displayed good relative reliability in mediolateral and resultant sacral acceleration signals for certain combinations of the parameters <em>m</em> and <em>r</em>, although again with large minimum detectable changes. Researchers should be cognisant of these reliability metrics when interpreting changes in running gait variability measures in clinical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of simulated worn shoe and foot inversion on heel internal biomechanics during running impact: A subject-specific finite element analysis","authors":"Yang Song ,&nbsp;Xuanzhen Cen ,&nbsp;Meizi Wang ,&nbsp;Kovács Bálint ,&nbsp;Qitao Tan ,&nbsp;Dong Sun ,&nbsp;Shunxiang Gao ,&nbsp;Fengping Li ,&nbsp;Yaodong Gu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored how systematic changes in running shoe degradation and foot inversion alter the distribution and peak value of heel pressure and calcaneus stress, as well as the total stress-concentration exposure (TSCE) within the calcaneal bone. A foot-shoe finite element model was employed and three shoe wear conditions (new shoe (CON), moderate worn shoe (MWSC), excessive worn shoe (EWSC)) coupled with three foot inversion angles (0°, 10°, 20°) were further modulated. Simulations were conducted at the impact peak instant during running. Compared to CON0, heel pressure during neutral landings shifted medially and increased with progressive shoe wear, peaking under EWSC0. This shift expanded the high-pressure area by 1.333 cm² and raised peak pressure by 24.42 %. Foot inversion landings exhibited an opposite trend: increased shoe wear promoted balanced pressure distribution, centralizing the load and eliminating high-pressure areas under EWSC10, where peak pressure was 11.36 % lower than CON10. Calcaneus stress during neutral landings, initially concentrated on the medial calcaneal surface and inferior tuberosity, intensified with wear, expanding high-stress area by 5.276 cm² and increasing peak stress by 22.79 % under EWSC0. For foot inversion, the high-stress region shifted to the inferior tuberosity, with wear reducing peak stress by 10.41 % and eliminating high-stress area in EWSC10 compared to CON10. TSCE analysis revealed that EWSC10 had the lowest stress exposure (0 %kPa) across all conditions. Worn-out shoes would exacerbate heel internal biomechanics, while these effects may be mitigated by foot inversion, likely due to the formation of a relatively flat and larger contact area between the lateral sole and the ground.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using functional calibration methods to estimate the midfoot joint center in planovalgus feet","authors":"Sarah Campos,&nbsp;Firooz Salami,&nbsp;Marco Götze,&nbsp;Katharina Gather,&nbsp;Sebastian I. Wolf","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the understanding foot function in the presence of planovalgus foot deformity, functional joint center determination is applied to the ankle and midfoot for application in 3D-gait analysis. Gait data of 36 patients with planovalgus (PV) foot deformity as well as of 33 typically developing (TD) subjects were collected using foot markers according to the Heidelberg Foot Measurement method. During single-limb stance subjects performed a circular movement of the foot and ankle (CIR) by drawing a circle with the hallux in the air. Midfoot joint center location as well as kinematics was calculated based (a) on functional calibration, (b) via a simple midpoint approach, and (c) via linear regression. All typically developing participants were able to perform the CIR movement with sufficient ROM for calibration whereas 10 % of the participants with idiopathic PV foot deformity and 72 % of the participants with a neurogenic PV foot were not able to perform this movement adequately. Nevertheless, the regression approach led to almost the same location of the midfoot joint center compared to the functional method with similar kinematics. PV feet show substantially larger Forefoot/Hindfoot flexion and Forefoot/Hindfoot adduction in gait compared to TD feet. On top, feet with neurologic background show reduced ROM of these angles in gait. The CIR movement task may prove useful in future studies monitoring active ranges of ankle and midfoot motion since the kinematics of this task may also be directly assessed via the proposed regression approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding muscle energy expenditure variations following selective dorsal rhizotomy while maintaining consistent energy consumption","authors":"Emiliano Pablo Ravera ,&nbsp;Adam Rozumalski","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased energy demands during walking is a recurrent issue for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Given the high incidence of spasticity in these children, several authors have analyzed the impact of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on energy consumption during walking, typically showing minimal changes post-SDR. To further investigate muscle behavior after SDR, our recent study identified alterations in individual muscle force production without changes in muscle activation during walking. This suggests that children with CP may experience a more favorable dynamic scenario for developing sub-maximal muscle forces after SDR, due to reduced spasticity unlocking joint movement. Thus, this raises questions about whether these changes in muscle force production could lead to increased muscle energy expenditure, which may not be fully reflected in overall energy consumption.</div><div>The aim of this study was to build upon our previous research on muscle behavior after SDR by evaluating the surgery’s impact on individual muscle energy expenditure during walking, using neuro-musculoskeletal simulations. Our research compared two matched groups comprising 81 children with CP: those who underwent SDR and those who did not.</div><div>Our results showed no significant changes in overall energy consumption or total muscle energy expenditure in either group post-surgery. However, we observed alterations in individual muscle energy expenditure during walking in the SDR group compared to children with CP who received other treatments. Compared to the findings from our first study, we observed a significant decrease in spasticity of the plantarflexor muscles, an improvement in ankle joint angle, an increase in individual muscle force during walking, and no statistically significant changes in energy expenditure of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles post-SDR. These findings, along with the absence of changes in muscle activity post-SDR, support the hypothesis that muscle tissue alterations contribute to energy deficits observed in children with CP during walking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological changes to peripheral joints supporting thumb trapezial metacarpal osteoarthritis","authors":"Faes D. Kerkhof ,&nbsp;Marco T.Y. Schneider ,&nbsp;Tara Shelby ,&nbsp;Arnold-Peter C. Weiss ,&nbsp;Douglas C. Moore ,&nbsp;Joseph J. Crisco ,&nbsp;Amy L. Ladd","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aims to determine if morphological differences of the scaphoid, trapezoid, and second metacarpal are associated with thumb osteoarthritis by comparing three-dimensional bone models of healthy controls and osteoarthritis patients. Fifty-eight patients with moderate to severe thumb osteoarthritis (modified Eaton ≥ II) and 35 healthy controls from a larger completed investigation were examined. To quantify morphological variations, a statistical shape model was created that classified binary with respect to the Eaton grading system: non-osteoarthritis or moderate/severe osteoarthritis (II-IV). Three-dimensional surface models based on computed tomography images from the scaphoid, trapezoid, and second metacarpal were used to “train” the statistical shape model and yielded features that best explain variation within the three bones: the principal components These principal components were tested for significant differences between patient and control group. Additionally, a statistical shape model entailing all three bones was created. For the second metacarpal, only a single principal component was significantly associated with osteoarthritis (p = 0.035). The combined model utilizing all three bones, however, showed that with using one principal component of each of the bones, we could classify a sample as moderate/severe trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis with an accuracy of 0.77. No individual shape components of the scaphoid or trapezoid significantly correlated to osteoarthritis. This study affirms that basilar thumb osteoarthritis is not limited to the trapeziometacarpal joint. Future studies investigating surrounding bones and joints as contributors to disease occurrence or progression will provide a more holistic insight into the prevention, diagnostic, and treatment of thumb osteoarthritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent validity of skin-based motion capture systems in measuring dynamic lumbar intervertebral angles","authors":"Mona Frey ,&nbsp;Alexander Breen ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Rix ,&nbsp;Diana De Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spine kinematics are commonly measured by external sensors such as motion capture and accelerometers. However, these skin-based measures cannot directly capture intervertebral motion of the lumbar spine. To date, research in this area has focused on the estimation of intervertebral kinematics using static trials but no study has analyzed agreement throughout the dynamic range of motion. This study investigated the agreement between skin-based sensors (accelerometers and motion capture) and quantitative fluoroscopy (QF) in measuring lumbar spine kinematics for the duration of complete flexion and extension motion in a healthy female population. Twenty female participants (age 30–57, BMI &lt; 30) were guided through a standing flexion and extension bending protocol while spine kinematics were concurrently measured by QF (L2, L3, L4, L5, and S1) and motion capture sensors and accelerometers positioned over the spinous processes of L2, L4, and S1. Intervertebral angles (L2-L4, L4-S1, L2-S1) and individual vertebrae levels were compared between measures. Non-parametric limits of agreement between QF and skin-based markers were greatest at the end-range of motion for both flexion and extension, but differences increased variably between participants, sometimes over-and sometimes underestimating angles, thus, disproving the common assumption that it increases linearly. The two skin-based marker systems showed good agreement with one another showing that they can be used interchangeably but they can only be used to estimate lumbar spine kinematics. Normalizing angles to a change in angle and considering the posture of instrumentation would be beneficial to reduce potential sources of errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for fascicle curvature affects muscle architecture characterization in dynamic conditions (isokinetic contractions)","authors":"Baptiste Bizet ,&nbsp;Michele Trinchi ,&nbsp;Riccardo Magris ,&nbsp;Andrea Monte ,&nbsp;Paola Zamparo","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating muscle architecture in static and dynamic conditions is essential to understand muscle function and muscle adaptations. Muscle architecture analysis, primarily through extended field-of-view ultrasound imaging, offers high reliability at rest but faces limitations during dynamic conditions. Traditional methods often involve “best fitting” straight lines to track muscle fascicles, leading to possible errors, especially with longer fascicles or those with nonlinear paths. Moreover, muscle architecture varies along the same muscle, with potential differences in curvature. This study aimed to develop and test a new software for muscle architecture characterization considering fascicle curvature during dynamic conditions. Muscle architecture data from different muscle regions using various digitalization methods were compared. Ten healthy young adults (24.1 ± 1.6 years; 177.7 ± 7.4 cm; 72.7 ± 7.7 kg; 9M/1F) performed maximal knee extension at 75°.s⁻¹ while B-mode ultrasound images of vastus lateralis muscle were captured in two muscle sites (at 50 % and 83 % of femur length). The analysis involved automated straight-line (ST) methods and custom manual linear extrapolation (MLE) software with segmented fascicle tracking using 2 (MLE2) and 4 (MLE4) segments inside the field of view. Results indicated significant overestimations of fascicle length, muscle belly length and thickness and underestimation of pennation angle using ST compared to MLE methods, especially in the distal region. Intra-rater repeatability for MLE4 was excellent (ICC = 0.93; 0.90; 0.93; 0.88, respectively; P &lt; 0.001), while inter-rater reliability varied. This study confirms the need to consider fascicle curvature for accurate resting muscle architecture characterization, even in the middle region of the muscle, and extends these considerations to dynamic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of shank, rearfoot and forefoot coordination and its variability between runners with different strike patterns","authors":"Zhen Wei ,&nbsp;Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Weiquan Zhong ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to compare shank, rearfoot and forefoot coordination and its variability between runners with habitual rearfoot strike (RFS) and non-RFS (NRFS). 58 healthy males participated in this study (32 RFS, 26 NRFS). Coordination patterns and variability were assessed for the shank, rearfoot, and forefoot segments using a modified vector coding technique during running. RFS runners exhibited significantly greater proportion of anti-phase with distal dominancy (rearfoot) during early and mid-stance, as well as a lower proportion of anti-phase with proximal dominancy (shank) during early stance compared to NRFS runners in frontal rearfoot − transverse shank (FRTS). Conversely, NRFS runners demonstrated significantly greater proportion of anti-phase with distal dominance (forefoot) in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes during early stance compared to RFS runners. Coordination variabilities for the FRTS (late stance), frontal rearfoot – frontal forefoot (FRFF) (early and late stance), and frontal rearfoot – transverse forefoot (FRTF) (mid stance) were greater in NRFS than in RFS runners. In contrast, coordination variability for frontal rearfoot – sagittal forefoot (FRSF) (early stance) was greater in RFS than in NRFS runners. The results could further extend the relationship between foot strike pattern and injuries from the perspective of coordination and its variability. Preliminary findings suggest that NRFS runners could benefit from intrinsic foot muscle training to mitigate the sustained loads on the soft tissues of the foot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}