Journal of biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Insights into patellofemoral kinematics and cartilage stresses following paediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An exploratory in silico study","authors":"Ayda Karimi Dastgerdi ,&nbsp;Amir Esrafilian ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Carty ,&nbsp;Alireza Y. Bavil ,&nbsp;Rami K. Korhonen ,&nbsp;Ivan Astori ,&nbsp;Wayne Hall ,&nbsp;David John Saxby","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent among physically active paediatric and adolescent populations, often necessitating ACL-reconstruction (ACLR) to restore passive knee stability. Complications in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ), such as pain and early osteoarthritis, are common following ACLR. Despite these concerns, post-ACLR PFJ biomechanics remain insufficiently studied. This study aimed to explore the influence of ACLR surgical parameters and subject-specific factors (i.e., knee phenotype, neuromusculoskeletal function) on PFJ biomechanics using an in-silico neuromusculoskeletal (NMSK)-finite element (FE) modeling approach. Three subject-specific NMSK-FE models were used to simulate the effects of four surgical parameters (graft type, size, location, and pre-tension) on PFJ biomechanics (kinematics and cartilage stresses) during walking. Additionally, ACL-deficient (ACLD) models were included to compare PFJ biomechanics in the absence of ACLR. Each surgical combination and ACLD were compared to a corresponding intact knee. Normalized root-mean-square error (nRMSE) quantified deviations in PFJ biomechanics among ACLR, ACLD, and intact knees. PFJ biomechanics in ACLD knees consistently deviated more from intact knees than those in ACLR models, underscoring the restorative effect of reconstruction. Most ACLR surgical combinations restored PFJ kinematics and stress to near intact levels (nRMSE &lt; 10 %) for two participants. In contrast, ∼80.2 % of combinations resulted in substantial deviations (nRMSE &gt; 10 %) for one participant, potentially increasing the risk of cartilage degeneration. Subject-specific factors influenced PFJ outcomes but showed no consistent trends. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating individualized geometry and loading in simulations to optimize ACLR for biomechanical outcomes. This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of surgical parameter effects on paediatric PFJ biomechanics following ACLR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a counterforce brace reduce common extensor tendon loading during a wrist extension task? An in vivo study","authors":"Nico Magni ,&nbsp;Richard Ellis ,&nbsp;Leanne Bisset ,&nbsp;Alberto Gonzalez-Vazquez ,&nbsp;Antoine Nordez ,&nbsp;Peter McNair","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the biomechanical effect of a counterforce brace on the common extensor origin (CEO) tendon at the elbow via the measurement of shear wave velocity (SWV) using ultrasound. The counterforce brace was hypothesised to reduce SWV, which is a proxy measure of tendon stiffness, whilst the wrist and finger extensors were contracting at different levels of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In this cross-sectional study, nineteen healthy participants (age±SD: 30±9) were included in the study. The counterforce brace was applied with either 0 or 80 mmHg pressure to the forearm. The SWV was measured under four different wrist extensors MVC levels: 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The counterforce brace had no significant effect on CEO tendon SWV at rest (V-statistic = 86, p = 0.74), 20% (V-statistic = 105, p = 0.71), 30% (V-statistic = 87, p = 0.77), or 40% (V-statistic = 94, p = 0.98) of MVC. The Friedman test for repeated measures showed an increase in SWV with greater levels of wrist extension MVC (x² = 7.9, p = 0.048). In conclusion, the counterforce brace does not appear to have a biomechanical effect on the CEO of the elbow during resting conditions or whilst the wrist extensors are contracting. The SWV of the CEO, a proxy for tendon stiffness, increases with greater levels of MVC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Effects of an elastic hip exoskeleton on stability quantified by mechanical energetics and whole-body angular momentum during walking with treadmill belt speed perturbations”. [J. Biomech. 188 (2025) 112784]","authors":"Pawel R. Golyski ,&nbsp;Nicholas K. Swaich ,&nbsp;Fausto A. Panizzolo ,&nbsp;Gregory S. Sawicki","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medial gastrocnemius muscle and aponeurosis shear wave velocity and morphological changes after Achilles tendon rupture: A 1-year follow-up study","authors":"Ra’ad M. Khair ,&nbsp;Maria Sukanen ,&nbsp;Neil J. Cronin ,&nbsp;Taija Finni","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) alters stiffness of the tendon and other structures within the triceps surae muscle–tendon unit. Although stiffness of the tendon has been studied after rupture, regional adaptations of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle and aponeurosis mechanical properties are unknown. Therefore, we assessed changes in MG muscle and aponeurosis shear wave (SW) velocity and morphology during a 1-year follow-up after unilateral ATR. Twenty-three (17 males, 6 females) participants were assessed for SW velocity of MG muscle and aponeurosis and morphological properties at 2, 6 and 12 months at rest. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the differences between limbs at different time points, and partial correlations controlled for age to explore associations between SW velocity and morphological properties. Regional SW stiffness of the injured MG muscle and aponeurosis were lower at 2 months but recovered by 6 months after ATR. When comparing limbs, MG muscle and aponeurosis SW velocity were lower in the injured limb at 2 months with a mean difference of −0.34 m/s (−0.48 to −0.21 m/s, t = -5.10), and −1.6 m/s (−2.39 to 0.89 m/s, t = 4.38). SW velocity did not differ at the muscle or aponeurosis between limbs at 6 or 12 months. Fascicle length of the MG muscle was negatively correlated with SW velocity of the MG muscle (r = -0.25, p = 0.041) and positively correlated with aponeurosis SW velocity (r = 0.29, p = 0.018). The remodelling of the MG muscle to shorter fascicles might help to enhance stiffness and maintain tension at the muscle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different hindfoot kinematics according to various shoe types during walking using biplanar fluoroscopy","authors":"Hee Soo Han ,&nbsp;Hee Jin Yang ,&nbsp;Naomichi Ogihara ,&nbsp;Taeyong Lee ,&nbsp;Seungbum Koo ,&nbsp;Dong Yeon Lee ,&nbsp;Kyoung Min Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unlike Skin marker-based models, biplanar fluoroscopy can evaluate the kinematic effects of various shoes. This study investigated foot and ankle kinematics across various shoe types during walking using a biplanar fluoroscopic system. Fifteen healthy participants were enrolled. All participants underwent three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography, and biplanar fluoroscopic images were captured during the stance phase of gait for barefoot and three different shoe types. 3D kinematic data of the ankle and subtalar joints were calculated using the anatomical coordinate system through the 3D/2D registration method. Running shoes (RS) significantly reduced maximum ankle dorsiflexion (p = 0.007), hindfoot dorsiflexion (p = 0.001) compared with barefoot. Rocker bottom shoes (RBS) reduced ankle and hindfoot DF-PF ROM (p &lt; 0.001), and increased subtalar ROM by increasing subtalar plantarflexion(p = 0.047). Climbing shoes reduced the peak hindfoot dorsiflexion (p &lt; 0.001), and ankle dorsiflexion (p = 0.013). High heels (HH) caused significant ankle (p &lt; 0.001) and hindfoot (p &lt; 0.001) plantar flexion, along with increased hindfoot inversion (p = 0.008) and internal rotation (p = 0.003). In conclusion, Shoed walking reduced dorsiflexion compared with barefoot walking, potentially benefiting conditions such as anterior ankle impingement. RBSs may alleviate arthritis symptoms by limiting motion, whereas HHs increase hindfoot inversion, potentially increasing the risk of ankle injury and long-term joint damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Push-Off Efficacy in Parkinson’s Disease compared to healthy controls and its relationship with step length","authors":"Diego Tosatto ,&nbsp;Daniele Bonacina ,&nbsp;Cecilia Perin ,&nbsp;Elisa Curti ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Amati ,&nbsp;Cristiano Alessandro ,&nbsp;Daniele Piscitelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduction of step length is one of the most common gait impairments in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, the neuromuscular strategies associated to this gait impairment are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between muscle activation and step length in PD and healthy controls.</div><div>In this observational study, we employed a linear regression model to quantify the relationship between step length and gastrocnemius medialis activation in PD and in healthy controls (HC). Muscle activity was quantified using the area under the curve (AUC) of the EMG envelopes during the push-off phase of the gait cycle, normalized to peak of activation across trials. Comparisons of time-varying EMG activation profiles and of step length between PD and HC were performed to identify potentially different neuromuscular strategies between the two groups.</div><div>A reduction of step length (mean difference [MD] = 6.22 cm; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.05;11.40; p = 0.021), even when normalized to subject height (MD = 3.16 %; 95 %CI: 0.39;5.92; p = 0.027), was found. A modest to high correlation between step length and gastrocnemius medialis activity was found only in HC (r = 0.623; p = 0.007), while there was no correlation between these two variables in PD (r = 0.214; p = 0.294).</div><div>In PD the reduction of step length is therefore not associated with gastrocnemius medialis activity during push-off. Therefore, different mechanisms may underpin this behavior and are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic mechanical properties of pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta bone in three-point bending between disease phenotypes and controls","authors":"Katarina Radmanovic ,&nbsp;Maeve McDonald ,&nbsp;Joseph LeSueur ,&nbsp;Bethany Canales ,&nbsp;Kai Yang ,&nbsp;Peter Smith ,&nbsp;Gerald Harris ,&nbsp;Jessica M. Fritz","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a relatively common rare bone disease which presents with skeletal deformities and increased fracture incidence. Limited studies have characterized the properties of OI bone, which remains an obstacle in accurately predicting risk of fracture in children with OI during daily activities. To evaluate differences between OI types I, III, IV, VI, VII, and VIII, anisotropic mechanical properties were characterized during three-point bending for 299 OI and 83 control miniature cortical bone beams. Elastic modulus, yield strength, and flexural strength demonstrated anisotropy within most OI groups and controls, with significantly greater properties observed in the longitudinal orientation than transverse orientation (p ≤ 0.005). Compared to controls, OI groups resulted in significantly lower longitudinal elastic modulus and yield strength (p ≤ 0.004) except for OI type VI (p ≥ 0.14). Flexural strength was significantly lower in all OI groups compared to controls for longitudinal beams (p ≤ 0.001). Although classified as moderate to severe, the single specimen OI type VII bone resulted in the lowest elastic modulus values for both orientations and lowest yield strength and flexural strength in the transverse orientation compared to the other OI types. This study was the first to characterize mechanical properties for moderate to severe OI types VI and VII and encompassed larger sample sizes of type I, III, IV, and VIII OI bone samples to perform robust statistical analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating rearfoot asymmetry in male marathon runners: dual IMUs reveals biomechanical trade-offs related to performance maintenance","authors":"Guoxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Tony Lin-Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Linjuan Wei ,&nbsp;Fangbo Bing ,&nbsp;Hejin Cai ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated how prolonged outdoor marathon running alters stance-phase rearfoot symmetry and explored the mechanism of symmetry changes using dual wearable wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs). Kinematic data from 23 male runners (45 ± 6 years) were collected continuously during an outdoor marathon using bilateral rearfoot-mounted nine-axis IMUs. The normalized symmetry index of stance-phase kinematics was analyzed via statistical parametric mapping to compare pre- and post-race asymmetry. Participants demonstrated significant prolonged running-induced increases in rearfoot asymmetry across multiple gait metrics: sagittal-plane rotation at initial contact (0–3 % stance phase, <em>p</em> = 0.005), vertical acceleration at mid-stance (34–36 % stance phase, <em>p</em> = 0.005), medial–lateral acceleration (55–66 % and 81–89 % stance phase, <em>p</em> = 0.005), and transverse-plane rotation (62–98 % stance phase, <em>p</em> = 0.005) during propulsion. The decreased symmetry was predominantly driven by three dominant-rearfoot adaptations: heightened lateral acceleration (e.g. 0.14 g vs. 0.37 g at 60 % stance; <em>p</em> = 0.005), reduced superior acceleration (e.g. 0.89 g vs. 0.52 g at 36 % stance; <em>p</em> = 0.005), and elevated external rotation velocity (16.95°/s vs. 49.75°/s at 70 % stance; <em>p</em> = 0.005). The findings suggested a compensatory shift toward dominant-limb reliance during prolonged running, characterized by asymmetric propulsion mechanics. While this adaptation may help sustain performance, it redistributes biomechanical workload unevenly, disproportionately loading the dominant limb during critical phases like propulsion. Monitoring rearfoot asymmetry using wearable IMUs provides a practical method for early detection of fatigue-related compensatory patterns, enabling timely interventions to prevent injury and optimize performance in marathon runners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unique geometrical representation of the cervical spine based on meta-analysis-derived descriptors","authors":"Vishnu S. Prasad ,&nbsp;Siva kumar K.G.V. ,&nbsp;C.V. Muraleedharan ,&nbsp;P. Sankara Sarma ,&nbsp;Ganesh Divakar ,&nbsp;K. Krishnakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was aimed at developing a unique geometrical model of the cervical spine, representative of a global population, for use in designing spinal fixation instrumentation. The purpose of the work is to (i) develop a geometrical model of the cervical spine representing a global population of subjects and (ii) demonstrate the utility of the model for design and manufacture of spinal fixation instrumentation. Several methods for quantifying the cervical lordosis exist such as Jackson’s physiological stress line method, Harrison’s posterior tangent method and Ishihara’s cervical curvature index method. While these methods are adequate for clinical use, they do not yield any engineering metric, needed for designing spinal instrumentation. A meta analysis of 28 published studies, representing a global population was conducted, geometrical construction method was devised to model the cervical spine uniquely. The pooled mean estimates of the Cobb angle, T1 slope, cSVA, and cervical arc length were 14.72°, 24.75°, 19.56 mm and 96.2 mm respectively. The cervical spine was precisely located as an arc of the unique ellipse with major and minor axes of 752 mm and 492.5 mm respectively. The T1 slope and Cobb angle primarily determine the position of the spine on the ellipse. A unique geometrical representation of the cervical spine was demonstrated and its applicability for the design and manufacture of spinal fixation instrumentation was shown for the various 2- level spinal segments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic balance control during gait initiation with obstacle crossing: A comparison between children aged 3–16 years and adults","authors":"Keisuke Hirata ,&nbsp;Takaki Kurogi ,&nbsp;Takashi Muchima ,&nbsp;Daiju Kinoshita ,&nbsp;Haruna Kumano ,&nbsp;Ayako Kawabata ,&nbsp;Hiroka Ishizaki ,&nbsp;Hiroki Mani","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gait initiation (GI) requires precise postural control facilitated by anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). Although previous studies have investigated APA development, few have examined the modulation of APAs and margin of stability (MoS) during the complex task of obstacle crossing during GI (GIObs), particularly comparing children and adults. This study determines how children and adults modulate APAs and the MoS during GI, with and without obstacles. The participants included 56 typically developing children (3–16 years) and 20 healthy young adults (19–24 years). The obstacle was placed at a distance equivalent to 50 % of the first step length of the participant, and its height was set to 10 % of the leg length. Kinematic and force plate data were collected to calculate the APA onset (APAonset) and peak (APApeak) in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions and MoS in both directions. Children exhibited delayed APAonset and larger APApeak values than adults. Adults exhibited a greater decrease in MoS_AP during GIObs than during GI, whereas children maintained a significantly larger MoS_ML during GIObs. The step length was longer in GIObs than in GI, with no significant difference in clearance height between the groups. Compared with adults, children exhibited delayed APA onset, higher APA amplitude, and larger MoS_ML during GIObs, indicating a more conservative approach to enhance lateral stability, possibly reflecting an adaptive strategy that aligns with their developing neuromotor control. These findings contribute to understanding the developmental trajectory of dynamic balance control and can inform age-appropriate interventions to support balance control in pediatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 112908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}