Journal of Applied Oral Science最新文献

{"title":"The effect of calcium hydroxide and double antibiotic paste on radiographic outcomes and periapical MMP-8 levels in regenerative endodontic procedures: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Burc Pekpinarli, Mehmet Emin Kaval, Dilsah Cogulu, Betul Ilhan, Timo Sorsa, Taina Tervahartiala, Ozant Oncag","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0122","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary goal is to evaluate the effects of two different intracanal medicaments, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and double antibiotic paste (DAP), on radiographic outcomes during regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) of immature permanent mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SIP/SAP). Additionally, the secondary goal was to evaluate MMP-8 levels during REP using two different intracanal medicaments.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study included 20 patients with immature mandibular first molars exhibiting SIP/SAP. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups based on the applied intracanal medicament. Ca(OH)2 (n=10) was prepared by mixing it with sterile distilled water, while the same amount of powdered metronidazole and ciprofloxacin were mixed and combined with sterile distilled water for DAP (n=10). MMP-8 in periapical samples were measured at baseline and on the 14th day using immunofluorometric assay. Image-J software with TurboReg plug-in was utilized to determine changes in root length, root width, radiographic root area (RRA) during the 12-month follow-up period. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 (p<.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increase in MMP-8 on the 14th day compared to baseline in both groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the increase in MMP-8 (p>0.05). Root length significantly increased in both groups (p=0.001), with Ca(OH)2 showing a greater increase (p=0.046). Root width and RRA increased similarly in both groups at 12th month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both Ca(OH)2 and DAP applications resulted in a significant increase in periapical MMP-8 levels. Increase in radiographic root width and root area was similar between two groups, but Ca(OH)2 led to a significantly greater increase in root length. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to validate our findings during REP of vital immature permanent mandibular molars. Clinical Trials database: NCT05581706.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20240122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical properties of flowable composites using isobornyl methacrylate as diluent monomer.","authors":"Roberta Pinto Pereira, Dayane de Oliveira, Mateus Garcia Rocha, Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho, Jean-François Roulet, Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0172","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>this study sought to evaluate the effect of isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) as a diluent monomer on the physicochemical properties of experimental flowable resin composites.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>the organic resin matrix of a modal flowable resin composite was formulated with 50 wt.% of bisphenol-A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and 50 wt.% of a diluent monomer, in which IBOMA was used as a combining or substituent diluent monomer to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The resin matrices were filled with 55 wt.% particles, of which 10 wt.% was 0.05-μm fumed silica, and 45 wt.% was 0.7-μm BaBSiO2 glass. Polymerization shrinkage stress (PSS; n=10), degree of conversion (DC; n=3), maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax; n=3), film thickness (FT; n=10), sorption (Wsp; n=10), solubility (Wsl; n=10), flexural strength (FS; n=10), flexural modulus (FM; n=10), Knoop microhardness (KH; n=10), and microhardness reduction after chemical softening (HR; n=10) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (α=0.05; β=0.2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the results showed that the substitution or addition of IBOMA reduced FT (p=0.001), PSS (p=0.013), Rpmax (p=0.001), DC (p=0.001), FM (p=0.006) Wsp (p=0.032), and Wsl (p=0.021). However, when used as a complete substituent, IBOMA demonstrated significantly lower FS (p=0.017) and KH (p=0.008), while TEGDMA demonstrated significantly lower HR (p=0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the flowable composite containing IBOMA combined with TEGDMA showed no effect in KH and FS and effectively reduced the PSS, RP, FT, Wsp, and Wsl. However, it showed a reduction in DC, FS, and an increase in HR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20240172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination versus dexmedetomidine on behavior of uncooperative pediatric dental patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Sara Hassan El-Rouby, Yasmi O Crystal, Ahmed M Elshafie, Nadia A Wahba, Magda M El-Tekeya","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0057","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Uncooperative behavior in pediatric dentistry is one of the most common manifestations of dental anxiety. Managing anxious patients can be attained by moderate sedation. This study aimed to compare the effect of sedation by dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination (DEX-KET) versus dexmedetomidine (DEX) on behavior of uncooperative pediatric dental patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In total, 56 uncooperative healthy children (3-5 years old) requiring dental treatment were divided randomly into two groups: Group I (study group), which received buccal dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) and ketamine (2 mg/kg), and Group II (control group), which received only buccal dexmedetomidine (4 μg/kg). Drugs effects were assessed in terms of hemodynamic parameters, patient's drug acceptance, child behavior, postoperative effect of sedation, amnesic effect, incidence of adverse events, as well as procedural induced stress measured by salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hemodynamic results did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two study groups (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in patient's acceptance to sedative drug between both groups, favoring DEX (p=0.005). Children who received DEX-KET showed significantly better behavior than those who received DEX for local anesthesia (p=0.017) and during operative procedure (p=0.037). Adverse events, post-operative and amnesic effects of drugs were comparable in both groups (p>0.05). Moreover, the mean difference in the salivary s-IgA levels between initial and final value was not statistically significant between both groups (p=0.556).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both DEX-KET combination and DEX alone are effective in providing hemodynamic stability. DEX-KET combination significantly improved the behavior of sedated children compared to DEX alone but the drug acceptance was decreased in the DEX-KET group. Both regimens did not have a negative effect on postoperative behavior of children and had comparable amnesic effect with no significant adverse events. Salivary s-IgA is not considered a potential stress biomarker in sedated children.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20240057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bleaching as a complement to fluoride-enhanced remineralization or resin infiltration in masking white spot lesions.","authors":"Talita Portela Pereira, Karin Landmayer, Bruna de Oliveira Iatarola, Mariele Vertuan, Ana Carolina Magalhães, Luciana Fávaro Francisconi-Dos-Rios","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0097","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There are many suitable strategies for addressing caries, which is an ongoing worldwide problem. Although white spot lesions (WSLs) can be either remineralized naturally or treated with non- or micro-invasive strategies, their whitish and opaque appearance may persist. To evaluate the effects of tooth bleaching as a complement to fluoride-enhanced remineralization or resin infiltration in masking WSLs, as well as in enamel surface roughness relative to that of the adjacent enamel.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Flattened rectangular bovine enamel fragments (6×3×~2.9 mm length, width and thickness) were divided into six groups (L/N, F/N, F.BL/BL, I/N, I.BL/BL, N/N; n=15). Treatments applied to the 3×3 mm left half included: L (Lesion) - WSL simulation with 50 mM acetate buffer, 96 hours, 37ºC; F (Fluoride) - WSL treatment with 2% NaF neutral gel, 1x/week, 8 weeks; I (Infiltration) - WSL treatment with H3PO4 37%/10 s; Icon®-Dry/30 s; Icon®-Infiltrant/3 min+1 min; N (Nothing) - sound enamel/control. Treatments applied to both halves after F and I included: BL (Bleaching) - Opalescence Boost 40%, 3×/20 min each; N (Nothing) - control. The differences in color (ΔE00, ΔL, Δa, Δb) and surface roughness (ΔRa) between the left and right halves were measured. Kruskal-Wallis/post-hoc tests were applied to ΔE00, ΔL, Δa and ΔRa, and 1-way ANOVA/Tukey tests to Δb (α=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The factor under study significantly influenced ΔE00 (p=0.0001), ΔL (p=0.0024), Δb (p=0.0015), and ΔRa (p<0.001), but not Δa (p=0.1592). Both fluoride-enhanced remineralization and resin infiltration were able to mask WSL, regardless of subsequent bleaching. However, when bleaching was performed, ΔE00 median values did not exceed the acceptability threshold for color difference. Only resin infiltration reduced ΔRa between WSL and the adjacent enamel.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both remineralization and infiltration, particularly if complemented by bleaching, fostered satisfactory esthetic results. Only infiltration without bleaching led to really good results in surface roughness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20240097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium micro-nano textured surface with strontium incorporation improves osseointegration: an in vivo and in vitro study.","authors":"Pio Moerbeck da Costa Filho,Camila Chiérici Marcantonio,Diego Pedreira de Oliveira,Maria Eduarda Scordamaia Lopes,Julio Cesar Sanchez Puetate,Luan Viana Faria,Letícia de Freitas Carvalho,Rafael Scaf de Molon,Idelmo Rangel Garcia Junior,Andressa Vilas Bôas Nogueira,James Deschner,Joni Augusto Cirelli","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0144","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to investigate the osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants with micro-nano textured surfaces functionalized with strontium additions (Sr) in a pre-clinical rat tibia model.METHODOLOGYTi commercially pure (cp-Ti) implants were installed bilaterally in the tibia of 64 Holtzman rats, divided into four experimental groups (n=16/group): (1) Machined surface - control (C); (2) Micro-nano textured surface treatment (MN); (3) Micro-nano textured surface with Sr2+ addition (MNSr); and (4) Micro-nano textured surface with a higher complementary addition of Sr2+ (MNSr+). In total, two experimental euthanasia periods were assessed at 15 and 45 days (n=8/period). The tibia was subjected to micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), histomorphometry with the EXAKT system, removal torque (TR) testing, and gene expression analysis by PCR-Array of 84 osteogenic markers. Gene expression and protein production of bone markers were performed in an in vitro model with MC3T3-E1 cells. The surface characteristics of the implants were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and laser scanning confocal microscopy.RESULTSSEM, confocal, and EDS analyses demonstrated the formation of uniform micro-nano textured surfaces in the MN group and Sr addition in the MNSr and MNSr+ groups. TR test indicated greater osseointegration in the 45-day period for treated surfaces. Histological analysis highlighted the benefits of the treatments, especially in cortical bone, in which an increase in bone-implant contact was found in groups MN (15 days) and MNSr (45 days) compared to the control group. Gene expression analysis of osteogenic activity markers showed modulation of various osteogenesis-related genes. According to the in vitro model, RT-qPCR and ELISA demonstrated that the treatments favored gene expression and production of osteoblastic differentiation markers.CONCLUSIONSMicro-nano textured surface and Sr addition can effectively improve and accelerate implant osseointegration and is, therefore, an attractive approach to modifying titanium implant surfaces with significant potential in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"e20240144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adding electro-massage to manual therapy for the treatment of individuals with myofascial temporomandibular pain: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Luis Espejo-Antúnez,María de Los Ángeles Cardero-Durán,Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo,María Jesús Casuso-Holgado,Manuel Albornoz-Cabello","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0109","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of the addition of dynamic cervical electrical stimulation (electro-massage, ES) to manual therapy (MT), compared to MT by itself, in individuals with myofascial temporomandibular pain.METHODOLOGYA total of 46 participants with bilateral myofascial temporomandibular pain for at least three months were distributed into two groups. Group 1 (n=21) received local MT consisting of soft tissue mobilization and release techniques over the neck and temporomandibular regions. Group 2 (n=25) received an ES procedure in the cervical region combined with the same intervention as group 1. All participants underwent a 2-week protocol. The primary outcomes were pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the masseter and upper trapezius muscles (algometer), and pain-free vertical mouth opening (manual gauge). The secondary outcome was active cervical range-of-movement. Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately after intervention, and at a 4-week follow-up.RESULTSThe ANOVA revealed significant changes over group*time, with better results for group 2 (large effect sizes) regarding pain intensity (p< 0.001; η2>0.14), pressure pain sensitivity and mouth opening (p<0.001; η2>0.14). Similar findings were observed for active cervical range-of-movement in all directions (p<0.001; η2>0.14), except rotation (p≥0.05).CONCLUSIONElectrical stimulation therapy over the cervical region combined with a MT protocol over the neck and temporomandibular joint shows better clinical benefits than MT by itself in subjects with myofascial temporomandibular pain. Registration code: NCT04098952.","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"65 1","pages":"e20240109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary biomarkers in non-invasive oral cancer diagnostics: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Ravina Vats,Pooja Yadav,Afsareen Bano,Sapna Wadhwa,Rashmi Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0151","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThis review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for oral cancer. Despite progress in oral cancer diagnosis and prognosis, the 5-year survival rate remains low due to the resistance to treatment and delayed diagnosis, which can be attributed to various factors including tobacco and alcohol consumption, genetic damage, and human papillomavirus (HPV). The potential use of saliva as an easily accessible non-invasive screening and diagnostic method arises from its direct contact with the lesion site.METHODOLOGYData for this study were gathered via a comprehensive literature evaluation using search engines such as the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SciFinder.RESULTSIdentifying salivary biomarkers shows potential to transform oral cancer diagnostics by offering a reliable alternative to the traditional invasive methods. Saliva is an abundant reservoir for both cell-bound and cell-free organic and inorganic constituents. Thus, saliva is an appropriate field for research in proteomics, genomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics.CONCLUSIONThis review provides a comprehensive elucidation of salivary biomarkers and their function in non-invasive oral cancer diagnosis, demonstrating their potential to enhance patient outcomes and reduce the impact of this devastating disease.","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"e20240151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of hydrophobicity and dentin adhesion ability in Candida albicans strains.","authors":"Tatiana Teixeira de Miranda,Leonardo Rodrigues,Carlos Augusto Rosa,Ary Corrêa Junior","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0154","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEAdhesion to dentin is a first step for a successful microbial root canal colonization. Cell hydrophobicity seems to have some influence in the Candida species adhesion to surfaces. To measure cell surface hydrophobicity and to investigate the adherence ability to human dentin among Candida albicans strains isolated from root canal and lingual dorsum via an in vitro study.METHODOLOGYadhesion was quantified in function of dentin area covered by blastospores and/or hyphae presence detected by epifluorescence microscope. Cell surface hydrophobicity was estimated by assessing the percentage migration of cells from an aqueous phase to a hydrocarbon phase. Contact angles were measured by the sessile drop technique on the dentin surface using a contact angle measurements apparatus. We also examined the correlation between adhesion ability and hydrophobicity.RESULTSalthough there was some intra-species variation in cell surface hydrophobicity, most isolates were characterized by moderate hydrophobicity. There was no significant difference in this parameter when the isolation niche was considered. Both root canal and lingual dorsum yeasts were able to adhere to dentin. No association was found between the strains' site of isolation and adhesion. Moreover, cell surface hydrophobicity and adhesion ability were not correlated.CONCLUSIONalthough hydrophobicity can influence Candida albicans virulence in many ways, this study suggests that this parameter by itself was not a good predictor of adhesion to dentin.","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"e20240154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metatranscriptomic analysis shows functional alterations in subgingival biofilm in young smokers with periodontitis: a pilot study.","authors":"Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin, Rafaela Videira Clima da Silva, Hélvis Enri de Sousa Paz, Camila Schmidt Stolf, Lucas Miguel Carvalho, Melline Fontes Noronha, Antonio Wilson Sallum, Mabelle de Freitas Monteiro","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0031","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the influence of smoking on the subgingival metatranscriptomic profile of young patients affected by stage III/IV and generalized periodontal disease.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In total, six young patients, both smokers and non-smokers (n=3/group), who were affected by periodontitis were chosen. The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for case-control reporting were followed. Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival biofilm samples were collected. RNA was extracted from the biofilm and sequenced via Illumina HiSeq. Differential expression analysis used Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and differentially expressed genes were identified using the Sleuth package in R, with a statistical cutoff of ≤0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found 3351 KEGGs in the subgingival biofilm of both groups. Smoking habits altered the functional behavior of subgingival biofilm, resulting in 304 differentially expressed KEGGs between groups. Moreover, seven pathways were modulated: glycan degradation, galactose metabolism, glycosaminoglycan degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Smoking also altered antibiotic resistance gene levels in subgingival biofilm by significantly overexpressing genes related to beta-lactamase, permeability, antibiotic efflux pumps, and antibiotic-resistant synthetases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the limitations of a small sample size, our data suggest that smoking may influence the functional behavior of subgingival biofilm, modifying pathways that negatively impact the behavior of subgingival biofilm, which may lead to a more virulent community.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20240031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of osteoblast adhesion, viability, and mineralization by restoring the cell cytoskeleton after bisphosphonate discontinuation in vitro.","authors":"Somying Patntirapong, Chunya Champakerdsap, Pichaya Mathaveechotikul, Apichaya Vatanasilp","doi":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0034","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bisphosphonates are prescribed to treat excessive bone resorption in patients with osteoporosis. However, its use is associated with potential adverse effects such as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, prompting the introduction of the drug holiday concept in patients prior to dentoalveolar surgery. Furthermore, bisphosphonate discontinuation has been studied in vivo, in humans, and in animal models. However, it is not known whether this approach could affect bone cells in vitro. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of bisphosphonate discontinuation on pre-osteoblast and osteoblast activities in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3) and osteoblasts were treated with bisphosphonate (alendronate) at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 µM. Alendronate was then withdrawn at different time points. The negative control consisted of untreated cells (0 µM), while the positive control consisted of cells incubated with alendronate throughout the experiment. Cell viability, cell adhesion, cell cytoskeleton, mineralization, and gene expressions were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts showed a decrease in cell viability after treatment with 5-10 μM alendronate for 4 days or longer. Two days of alendronate discontinuation significantly increased cell viability compared with the positive control. However, these levels did not reach those of the negative control. Bone nodule formation was reduced by alendronate. Discontinuation of alendronate regained bone nodule formation. Longer periods of discontinuation were more effective in restoring nodule formation than shorter periods. Addition of alendronate resulted in an increase in the percentage of dead cells, which, in turn, decreased when alendronate was discontinued. Alendronate affected the cell cytoskeleton by disassembling actin stress fibers. Cell adhesion and cell morphological parameters were also affected by alendronate. Discontinuation of alendronate restored cell adhesion and these parameters. Overall, the highest improvement after alendronate discontinuation was seen at 10 µM. However, alendronate treatment and discontinuation did not affect osteoblast gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Discontinuation of alendronate helps to reverse the negative effects of the drug on cell viability, cell adhesion, and mineralization by restoring the cell cytoskeleton. Our data suggest the benefits of drug holiday and/or intermittent strategies for alendronate administration at the cellular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20240034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}