{"title":"Low-power equalizers for 51.84 Mb/s very-high-speed digital subscriber loop (VDSL) modems","authors":"M. Goel, Naresh R Shanbhag","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715794","url":null,"abstract":"We present low-power equalizers derived via dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT). These transformations achieve low-energy operation by reconfiguring the architecture and the supply voltage in response to channel non-stationarities. Practical reconfiguration strategies are derived as a solution to an optimization problem with energy as the objective function and a constraint on the algorithm performance (specifically the SNR). Simple energy models for multipliers are presented. The DAT-based adaptive filter is employed as an equalizer for 51.84 Mbit/s very high-speed digital subscriber loop (VDSL) over 24-pair BKMA cable. On average, 88% energy savings are achieved due to variations in cable length and number of far-end crosstalk (FEXT) interferers.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123461187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blind channel and symbol estimation for wireless communications via an affinity neural network","authors":"R. Hernandez, V. Jain","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715801","url":null,"abstract":"We present a neural network (NN) approach to the blind channel and symbol estimation problem in portable communications. It is based on deterministic blind estimation methods, which utilize multiple antennas and/or oversampling in order to identify the channel and the data symbols. These deterministic approaches employ a least squares error metric, and then solve the problem algebraically. We use a NN to solve the estimation problem by mapping the quadratic cost function to the NN energy function, which is then minimized by iteratively updating each of its nodes (clusters of neurons called \"affinity cells\"). While its performance is found to be comparable to the SVD-based least squares methods, the NN offers significant practical advantages stemming from its distributed and fault-tolerant nature. Another important benefit of the NN approach, in contrast to the algebraic approaches, is its natural ability to yield the best solution in the space of finite word-length parameter vectors.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116514088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A performance evaluation of a RISC-based digital signal processor architecture","authors":"Jiyang Kang, Jong Jin Lee, Wonyong Sung","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715816","url":null,"abstract":"As the complexity of DSP (digital signal processing) applications increases, the need for efficient processor architectures and compilers also grows. RISC-based DSP processors not only have general-purpose registers and orthogonal instruction formats to support compiler-friendliness, but also contain several DSP processor-specific features, such as single cycle MAC (multiply-and-accumulate), direct memory access, automatic address generation, and hardware looping, to execute arithmetic and data-intensive DSP operations efficiently. We evaluate the performance effects of each architectural add-on feature using DSP benchmarks. Benchmark programs are compiled using modified C compilers that accommodate the DSP processor-specific features. We also compare the performances with those of superscalar RISC architectures having two, three, and four issue capabilities in one clock cycle. Finally, an application-level performance comparison is conducted using a QCELP vocoder program.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121376159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A core generator for fully synthesizable and highly parameterizable RISC-cores for system-on-chip designs","authors":"Mladen Berekovic, D. Heistermann, P. Pirsch","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715818","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the rapid advances in semiconductor technology the number of functional units that can be implemented on a single chip is rapidly increasing. This raises the need for programmable but small processor cores to handle control of operation as well as communication and synchronization between the different functional modules on the chip. We have developed a soft core generator for highly parameterizable RISC-cores. The instruction word width can be arbitrarily chosen between 8 and 32 bits. Independent of this, the data-path width can be selected between 8 and 64 bits respectively. DSP-like performance can be achieved with the instantiation of a 64-bit (splittable-) MAC-unit in the data-path. The number of registers is arbitrarily scalable. The resulting cores are generated in RTL-VHDL and are fully synthesizable. Worst-case timing simulation shows 100 MHz achievable clock-speed using a 3LM 0.5 /spl mu/m standard-cell technology. The size of the synthesized cores ranges from 900 gates for a multi-cycle 8 bit core to 10k gates for a 5-stage pipelined 32 bit core with 8 registers. Interfaces and behavioral models are provided for instruction and data memories as well as a runnable VHDL testbench with basic test patterns. As a result, a 16 bit RISC core with instruction and data memories can be implemented on 1 mm/sup 2/ of silicon area in a 0.35 /spl mu/m technology.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127473194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Input recoding for reducing power in distributed arithmetic","authors":"J. Sacha, M. J. Irwin","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715823","url":null,"abstract":"Digital signal processing algorithms rely heavily on the efficient computation of inner products. Distributed arithmetic provides a multiplication-free method for calculating inner products of fixed-point data, based on table lookups of precalculated partial products. A method is proposed for reducing switching activity, and hence power dissipation, in distributed arithmetic systems used for processing signed data. By performing a recoding of the two's complement inputs into a nonredundant signed-digit representation, the table lookups and accompanying accumulations corresponding to the sign extensions in the higher-order bit positions can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128363803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-evaluating MPEG motion compensation search criteria","authors":"B. Bishop, T. Kelliher, R. Owens, M. J. Irwin","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715775","url":null,"abstract":"As general-purpose processors evolve from single-issue machines to more advanced multiple-issue designs using dynamic instruction scheduling, speed-critical algorithms should be re-examined to ensure that the optimal strategy is being used. One important example of this class of algorithms is MPEG encoding. In MPEG encoding, the mean square error search criterion achieves better compression quality than the mean absolute distance criterion. However, the mean absolute distance approach is recognized in the literature as more efficient in terms of speed. Our research indicates that the mean square error approach becomes much more attractive as instruction-level parallelism (ILP) increases. In a general-purpose processor that can exploit a high degree of instruction-level parallelism, the mean square error approach yields both better performance and better compression quality. Additional algorithms should likewise be re-evaluated to ensure efficient execution on high-ILP machines.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128635118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-speed VLSI state-space orthogonal IIR digital filters using matrix lookahead","authors":"J. Ma, K. K. Parhi","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715804","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demands for multimedia and wireless communication applications have had much impact on design of high-speed and low-power modern DSP systems. Orthogonal IIR digital filters can achieve a sharp transition band and have good finite word-length behavior and are used in many modern DSP applications such as mobile communications. However, Cordic-based fine-grain pipelined true orthogonal IIR digital filters have not been developed so far. A state-space-based novel algorithm for designing fine-grain pipelined true orthogonal IIR digital filters is proposed using the matrix lookahead technique. The algorithm only involves applying orthogonal transformations that are known to be numerically very reliable, and therefore is ideal for VLSI implementations. The proposed filter architecture can be operated at arbitrarily high sample rates and achieves linear increase in hardware complexity with respect to the filter order and pipelining level. It consists of only Givens rotations which can be mapped onto Cordic arithmetic-based processors. Finally, an intermediate frequency filter for the USA mobile telephone system is designed using the proposed orthogonal filter synthesis algorithm.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130802985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A system-level reuse methodology for embedded data-dominated applications","authors":"F. Vermeulen, F. Catthoor, D. Verkest, H. de Man","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715817","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a system-level reuse methodology for data-dominated applications. A formalism is developed that structures the algorithmic specification in parts combining arithmetic and low-level control constructs that can be reused at the structural VHDL level without change and parts that combine the costly data-access-related constructs which are kept at higher levels in the code hierarchy. In this way, they retain the essential part of the design exploration freedom such that a global system-level data transfer and storage exploration phase can still be applied. The important power and area savings resulting from our approach compared to a traditional approach with fully predefined reusable blocks, are illustrated on examples of the video and modem world.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130912861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A uniform analysis method for DSP architectures and instruction sets with a comprehensive example","authors":"R. Owen, D. Martin","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715815","url":null,"abstract":"As digital signal processing finds broader areas of application, more processors are adapting to the need for DSP operations. MMX instructions have been added to the Pentium, high-performance RISC have done similar things for workstations, and microcontrollers are doing it for embedded applications. Digital signal processors too are changing as there are increased demands for higher performance. With new processors having such vastly different architectures and employing different processing strategies, it is increasingly difficult to make meaningful DSP performance comparisons between them. This paper reviews the normal representations or views of a processor: hardware architecture, programming model, instruction set architecture and benchmarks, and their role in DSP performance estimation in four critical areas. A uniform model is proposed for the first three views, which includes a new annotated form of programming model using signal-flow-graph-like techniques. Finally, one of the new types of processors, the Siemens TriCore Microcontroller-DSP, is analyzed to test and illustrate the new models and methodology.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128825432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-channel reverberation for computer music applications","authors":"D. Murphy, D. Howard, A. Tyrrell","doi":"10.1109/SIPS.1998.715784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIPS.1998.715784","url":null,"abstract":"Reverberation is perhaps the most important post-production tool available to the sound engineer or computer musician. Geometrical methods are often used to model the acoustic properties of a room, including reverberation, but are limited to being valid only for high frequencies. At low frequencies, diffraction and the effects of room modes cannot be neglected. A method for modelling the two-dimensional propagation of sound within an enclosed room is presented which encompasses both of these particular properties by making use of a digital waveguide model. It is also possible to directionally encode the output from the room for processing music in a multi-channel surround-sound environment. A particular feature of this model is that the acoustic properties of the room can be explored and modified by means of a visual interface in a manner that is highly intuitive for musicians or those without an extensive knowledge of musical acoustics.","PeriodicalId":151031,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SIPS 98. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.98TH8374)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133698153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}