Journal of Animal Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Automatic detection of trapping events of postnatal piglets in loose housing pen: comparison of YOLO versions 4, 5, and 8.","authors":"Taeyong Yun, Jinsul Kim, Jinhyeon Yun, Tai-Won Um","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e106","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the pig industry has experienced an alarming surge in piglet mortality shortly after farrowing due to crushing by the sow. This issue has been exacerbated by the adoption of hyperprolific sows and the transition to loose housing pens, adversely affecting both animal welfare and productivity. In response to these challenges, researchers have progressively turned to artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) to address various issues within the livestock sector. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of different versions of object detection algorithms, aiming to identify the optimal AIoT system for monitoring piglet crushing events based on performance and practicality. The methodology involved extracting relevant footage depicting instances of piglet crushing from recorded farrowing pen videos, which were subsequently condensed into 2-3 min edited clips. These clips were categorized into three classes: no trapping, trapping, and crushing. Data augmentation techniques, including rotation, flipping, and adjustments to saturation and contrast, were applied to enhance the dataset. This study employed three deep learning object recognition algorithms-- You Only Look Once (YOLO)v4-Tiny, YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s--followed by a performance analysis. The average precision (AP) for trapping detection across the models yielded values of 0.963 for YOLOv4-Tiny, and 0.995 for both YOLOv5s, and YOLOv8s. Notably, trapping detection performance was similar between YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s. However, YOLOv5s proved to be the best choice considering its model size of 13.6 MB compared to YOLOv4-Tiny's 22.4 MB and YOLOv8's 21.4 MB. Considering both performance metrics and model size, YOLOv5s emerges as the most suitable model for detecting trapping within an AIoT framework. Future endeavors may leverage this research to refine and expand the scope of AIoT applications in addressing challenges within the pig industry, ultimately contributing to advancements in both animal husbandry practices and technological solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"666-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different processed forms of Panax ginseng on sperm motility and reproductive parameters in male dogs.","authors":"Taeyoung Kil, Minkyu Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e35","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility in dogs is a significant concern in veterinary reproductive medicine, with sperm quality being a key determinant of reproductive success. Traditional herbal medicine, particularly <i>Panax ginseng</i>, is widely recognized for its potential to enhance male reproductive function. However, its effects on canine reproduction remain unexplored. This study investigated the impact of different processed forms of <i>Panax ginseng</i>-white ginseng (WG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG)-on sperm motility, testosterone levels, and biochemical parameters in dogs. Beagle dogs were administered WG, RG, or BG daily for 60 days in a crossover design. Serum testosterone levels and biochemical markers were measured at predefined intervals, while sperm motility and velocity parameters were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results demonstrated that BG supplementation significantly improved sperm motility and velocity parameters compared to WG and RG, with no adverse effects on biochemical markers. However, testosterone levels remained unchanged across groups. These findings suggest that BG may enhance canine sperm quality through mechanisms independent of testosterone regulation. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular pathways and optimize dosing strategies for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"701-713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of citric acid and heat-treated soybean meal on rumen fermentation characteristics, methane emissions, and microbiota: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Daekyum Yoo, Joonpyo Oh, Siwoo Jeong, Jakyeom Seo","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2024.e102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid (CA) and heat-treated soybean meal (SBM) on rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production, and microbiota through an i<i>n vitro</i> experiment. Untreated SBM, heat-treated SBM (HSBM), CA-treated SBM (CSBM), and SBM treated with a combination of heat and CA (HCSBM). Parameters assessed in <i>in vitro</i> were gas production, methane emissions, dry matter degradability (IVDMD), crude protein degradability (IVCPD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), microbial crude protein (MCP), volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH, and microbiota composition. The HCSBM exhibited the lowest gas production and theoretical maximum gas production (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Methane production (%) was significantly reduced in both CSBM and HCSBM (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with the lowest methane emissions (mL/g dry matter, DM) observed in HCSBM (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The IVCPD was significantly reduced in both the HSBM and HCSBM groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). HCSBM had the lowest NH₃-N and MCP concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Total VFA production was the lowest in HCSBM (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with a higher proportion of acetate and lower proportions of propionate (<i>p</i> < 0.01). HCSBM reduced the enrichment of Thermoplasmatota compared to HSBM (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and decreased the enrichment of the coenzyme M biosynthesis pathway in the microbial functional profiles compared to SBM and CSBM (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, an increase in fiber-degrading bacteria, particularly Fibrobacterota, was observed in HCSBM (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings suggest that the HCSBM may effectively reduce ruminal protein degradation and methane emissions. Further <i>in vivo</i> studies are necessary to validate these results and assess their practical application in ruminant nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 2","pages":"393-409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The vision of big data recirculation for smart livestock farming in South Korea.","authors":"Seung-Hoon Lee, Kyu-Sang Lim, Hakkyo Lee, Jaeyoung Heo, Jaemin Kim, Seon-Ho Kim, Sung-Hak Kim, Jong-Eun Park, Dajeong Lim, Jae-Don Oh, Bu-Min Kim, Song-Won Yoo, Donghyun Shin, Jun-Mo Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2025.e21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A smart livestock farm is a livestock farm where information and communication technology systems are used. Based on the measured data, these systems can make decisions regarding all processes, including stocking, breeding, shipping, and evaluation. The data generated from smart livestock farms have increased the complexity and diversity of phenotypes. Fused data that integrate environmental and phenotypic information from smart livestock farms with genetic data are valuable for detailed applications in breeding and specifications, as they help understand complex and organic phenotypes and environments. However, their effectiveness is limited by restrictions on data sharing and non-standardized formats. This limitation leads to other restrictions against researchers, such as restrictions on the range of projects, the supply of new technologies or farm species, and policy development or application restrictions. Therefore, promoting a recirculating environment to increase productivity, developing climate-adapted livestock, and implementing policies are necessary. We discuss the smart livestock farm from the perspective of '<i>Phenotype</i> = <i>Genetic value</i> + <i>Environment value</i>'. The dissemination of smart livestock big data and essential components, such as data warehouses, is outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 2","pages":"303-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of black soldier fly larvae reared on different organic substrates on nutrient digestibility and palatability in cats.","authors":"Hyuck Kim, Minho Song, Jihwan Lee, Seyeon Chang, Dongcheol Song, Kyeongho Jeon, Jinmo Yang, Seungyeon Cha, Kwanho Park, Hyeun Bum Kim, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2025.e13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility and palatability of cat diets by substituting poultry meals (PM) with black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared on different organic substrates. The experimental treatments are as follows; CON, a basal diet based on the PM; AF3, 3% PM substituted with BSFL reared on animal-based substrates; AF6, 6% PM substituted with BSFL reared on animal-based substrates; PF3, 3% PM substituted with BSFL reared on plant-based substrates; PF6, 6% PM substituted with BSFL reared on plant-based substrates. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> methods were used in this study. The <i>in vitro</i> experiment simulated gastric digestion using pepsin and small intestinal digestion using bile and pancreatin, with 6 replicates per diet. The <i>in vivo</i> experiment used 30 and 16 mixed-sex cats to assess digestibility and palatability, respectively. Fecal samples were collected over 3 d for nutrient digestibility and palatability was assessed in a 1 d. In the <i>in vitro</i> experiment, the AF3 had higher <i>in vitro</i> ileal digestibility (IVID) of crude protein (CP) than the CON and PF6, and diets supplemented with BSFL groups had higher IVID of gross energy and ether extract (EE) than the CON. In the <i>in vivo</i> experiment, the AF3 showed higher CP digestibility than the CON, and diets supplemented with BSFL groups had higher EE digestibility than the CON. In palatability evaluation, the AF6 had a lower intake ratio than the CON. The 3% substitution of BSFL showed a significantly higher first sniffing bout than the 6% substitution in animal and plant-based substrates. Additionally, except for the CON, the AF3 exhibited a higher first sniffing bout than the other groups. In conclusion, the AF3 improved CP digestibility in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments. Also, the AF3 did not show negative effects on palatability. Therefore, this result indicated that substituting 3% of PM with BSFL reared on animal-based substrate in cat diets was the most efficient alternative.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 2","pages":"477-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Effects of dietary supplementation of <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> strains from kimchi in weaned piglet challenged with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>.","authors":"Dongcheol Song, Jihwan Lee, Kangheung Kim, Hanjin Oh, Jaewoo An, Seyeon Chang, Hyunah Cho, Sehyun Park, Kyeongho Jeon, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2025.e36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e31.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 2","pages":"494-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of sound-based pig monitoring for enhanced precision production.","authors":"Md Nasim Reza, Md Razob Ali, Md Asrakul Haque, Hongbin Jin, Hyunjin Kyoung, Young Kyoung Choi, Gookhwan Kim, Sun-Ok Chung","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2024.e113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pig farming is experiencing significant transformations, driven by technological advancements, which have greatly improved management practices and overall productivity. Sound-based technologies are emerging as a valuable tool in enhancing precision pig farming. This review explores the advancements in sound-based technologies and their role in improving precision pig farming through enhanced monitoring of health, behavior, and environmental conditions. When strategically placed on farms, non-invasive technologies such as microphones and sound sensors can continuously collect data without disturbing the animals, making them highly efficient. Farmers using sound data, can monitor key factors such as respiratory conditions, stress levels, and social behaviors, leading to improved animal welfare and optimized production. Advancements in sensor technology and data analytics have enhanced the capabilities of sound-based precision systems in pig farming. The integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) is further enhancing the capacity to interpret complex sound patterns, enabling the automated detection of abnormal behaviors or health issues. Moreover, sound-based precision technologies offer solutions for improving environmental sustainability and resource management in pig farming. By continuously monitoring ventilation, feed distribution, and other key factors, these systems optimize resource use, reduce energy consumption, and detect stressors such as heat and poor air quality. The integration of sound technologies with other precision farming tools, such as physiological monitoring sensors and automated feeding systems, further enhances farm management and productivity. However, despite the advantages, challenges remain in terms of low accuracy and high initial costs, and further research is needed to improve specificity across different pig breeds and environmental conditions. Nonetheless, acoustic technologies hold immense promise for pig farming, offering enhanced management, an optimized performance, and improved animal welfare. Continued research can refine these tools and address the challenges, paving the way for a more efficient, profitable, and sustainable future for the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 2","pages":"277-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the <i>in vitro</i> protein digestive behaviors of pork sausage models based on NaCl level-dependent gel properties.","authors":"Soeun Kim, Kyung Jo, Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong, Hayeon Jeon, Seokhee Han, Minkyung Woo, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung, Seonmin Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2024.e74","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the impact of varying NaCl concentrations on the gel properties and <i>in vitro</i> digestive behavior of pork sausage models. Meat batters formulated with pork shoulders were prepared with NaCl concentrations of 1.0% , 1.5%, and 2.0% (w/w). NaCl 2.0% yielded the lowest actomyosin content (33.46%) and highest total protein solubility (0.61 g/g) in the batter (<i>p</i> < 0.05), followed by 1.5% (34.72% and 0.56 g/g, respectively) and 1.0% (42.19% and 0.55 g/g, respectively). Subsequently, pork sausage models were produced by placing the batters in stainless-steel cans, vacuum-packing, and heating. The sausages prepared with NaCl 2.0% exhibited the lowest cooking loss (2.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), with corresponding the highest hardness and cohesiveness values of 102.47 N and 0.44, respectively, among the treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>In vitro</i> gastric digestion revealed that lower NaCl concentrations (1.0% and 1.5%) led to a higher release of α-amino groups (0.29 and 0.31 mM/g, respectively) than NaCl 2.0% (0.24 mM/g, <i>p</i> < 0.05) with the larger and more aggregated gel particles in the fluorescence microscopic images. However, after the small intestinal digestion, NaCl 1.0% retained the highest release of α-amino groups (2.19 mM/g, <i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas NaCl 1.5% had the lowest value (1.96 mM/g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings illustrate that the variations in the physicochemical and gel properties of pork sausages depending on the NaCl levels result in the different <i>in vitro</i> protein digestive behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 2","pages":"439-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of genetic alterations of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle after vaccination in Thailand.","authors":"Nutthakarn Suwankitwat, Taweewat Deemagarn, Kultyarat Bhakha, Tapanut Songkasupa, Porntippa Lekcharoensuk, Pipat Arunvipas","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e72","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease that has a significant impact on the cattle and buffalo agricultural industries. The use of live attenuated LSD virus (LSDV) vaccines (LAVs) is the most efficient method of disease prevention. However, it is well recognized that LAVs might result in viral mutation that could enhance viral infectivity or virulence. The goal of this research was to monitor the changes in genetic characteristics of LSDV in cattle after vaccination in Thailand. Five LSDV DNA samples from five different regions of Thailand including North, Northeast, West, Central, and South were selected. All samples came from non-vaccinated animals that developed LSD clinical signs after vaccination with the LAVs in each area. The samples were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the <i>p32</i> gene and the whole genome sequences were analyzed. The genomes were compared to LSDV / Thailand / Yasothon / 2021, a recombinant LSDV strain discovered during the early stage of the outbreak in Northeast Thailand. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), amino acid changes, and affected proteins were analyzed. The study discovered that following immunization in the area, LSDVs from Chiang Mai (North), Khon Kaen (Northeast), and Nakhon Pathom (Central) differed from the Yasothon isolate. Open reading frame (ORF) 032 Poly (A) polymerase large subunit, ORF094 virion core protein, and ORF133 DNA ligase-like protein, as well as virulence and host range genes; ORF144 Kelch-like protein and ORF148 Ankyrin-like protein had mutations, while the genomic sequences of Prachuap Khiri Khan (West) and Trang (South) isolates are 100% identical to the Yasothon virus. Mutations occurred in LSDV genomes from the North, Northeast, and Central regions following immunization. As a result, viral genetics should be examined on an annual basis for effective diagnosis and control of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"352-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82814041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic insights into avian influenza resistance in Jeju Island chickens: the roles of Mx1 and oligoadenylate synthetase-like single nucleotide polymorphisms.","authors":"Young-Won Kim, Seohyun Jeong, Ju-Hee Yang, Dongseob Tark, Woo Hyun Kim, Hyoung-Seok Yang, Seong-Hwan Mun, Sung Hyun Kang, Eun-A Ko, Jae-Hong Ko","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e10","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza A virus (FLUAV) causes serious diseases in both poultry and humans. Various host proteins, including Mx1, are considered candidates for avian influenza (AI) resistance. After infecting Jeju Native chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) with three types of AI viruses, we performed gene expression profiling, identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through RNA-sequencing, and confirmed phenotypes showing antiviral activity <i>in vitro</i>. Highly pathogenic AI viruses upregulated <i>FGF2, LYN</i>, and <i>FLT4</i> and downregulated <i>HGF</i>, <i>ANGPT1</i>, and <i>ROR2</i>, while a low pathogenicity AI upregulated <i>PARK7</i>, <i>RACK1</i>, and <i>DTX3L</i> and downregulated <i>SIRT1</i>, <i>LRRK2</i>, and <i>WAC</i>. However, no virus affected <i>Mx1</i> expression. Although SNPs in <i>Mx1</i> could not discriminate antiviral activity alone, the only CEF resistant to H5N6, strain AN4, contained the Mx1 631 R/R genotype and strongly expressed an oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL) variant with a unique SNP: c.G880A (p.E294K). Using transfected cell lines, H5N6-infected cells expressing <i>OASL</i> with the c.G880A SNP showed minimal cytopathic effects and the lowest <i>M</i> gene expression. This study confirms that Jeju Native chickens with specific SNP combinations in both <i>Mx1</i> and <i>OASL</i> showed H5N6 resistance and demonstrates the interplay of genetic factors in host-pathogen dynamics, suggesting a need for integrated analyses of multiple resistance genes to inform AI prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":"69-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}