Journal of Animal Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics between porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.","authors":"Young Kyu Kim, Ju Young Lee, Ji Woo Shin, Jeong Ho Hwang","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e20","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from various organs and extensively studied for their potential in regulating transplantation. MSCs from different mammalian species are well characterized; however, the properties and therapeutic potential of porcine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to profile the characteristics of porcine BM-MSCs by comparing their gene expression patterns and immunomodulatory properties with those of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow-attached cells (BMACs). Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and RNA sequencing, we confirmed the expression of key MSC markers, including CD105, CD73, and CD90, in porcine BM-MSCs, and aligned them closely with human MSCs. We found significant differences in gene expression between BM-MSCs and PBMCs, with BM-MSCs exhibiting a distinct expression pattern similar to that of BMACs. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the pathways involved in immune modulation and tissue repair, underscoring the potential of BM-MSCs to enhance immune regulation. Notably, BM-MSCs exhibited higher transforming growth factor-beta levels than PBMCs, suggesting a central role in their immunosuppressive function. These findings indicate the immunomodulatory capabilities of porcine BM-MSCs and support their application in xenotransplantation, where they may help mitigate graft rejection and promote tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"889-903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of BSFL on growing-finishing pigs in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and gas emission.","authors":"Seyeon Chang, Younguk Park, Jihwan Lee, Dongcheol Song, Kyeongho Jeon, Hyuck Kim, Jinmo Yang, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e11","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to analyze the effects of replacing fishmeal in the diet of growing-finishing pigs with black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and gas emissions, and to determine whether BSFL can be effectively applied as an alternative protein source. A total of 36 10-week-old crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight (BW) 34.82 ± 0.43 kg were used in this study. Each treatment had 6 replicate pens, and 2 pigs were assigned to each pen. The three treatments were as follows: a basal diet containing 1% fishmeal (FM); a basal diet without fishmeal and included with 1% BSFL powder (BSFL1); a basal diet without fishmeal and included with 2% BSFL powder (BSFL2). There were no significant differences among treatment groups in BW, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency during the entire experimental period. The BSFL2 group in 6 and 9 weeks showed significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) crude protein (CP) digestibility than the FM group. In all indispensable amino acids except arginine, the BSFL1 and BSFL2 groups showed significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) digestibility than the FM group at 6 weeks. The BSFL2 group showed significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) digestibility of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, arginine, and methionine than the BSFL1 group. In the dispensable amino acids, the BSFL2 group showed significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) digestibility of proline, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, and cystine than the FM and BSFL1 groups. In all indispensable amino acids, the BSFL1 and BSFL2 groups showed significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) digestibility than the FM group at 9 weeks. There were no significant differences among treatment groups in blood profiles and gas emissions during the entire experimental period. Therefore, it is thought that BSFL can be used to replace fishmeal in diets for growing-finishing pigs, and when 2% of BSFL is included, it is thought to be an appropriate amount to include in diets for growing-finishing pigs, as it has the effect of improving the digestibility of CP and amino acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"773-784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of different selection indexes for some economic traits in Holstein Friesian cows.","authors":"R A Kassab, Adeyemi Sunday Adenaike, M F Hamed, A E M El-Baraby, A E Mehrez, A A El-Magd, Abosede T Abolude, Sunday O Peters, A S Khattab","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e60","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genetic as well as phenotypic parameters for 10-month milk total (10 MMY), lactation length (LL), and age at first calving (AFC) were calculated with data from 1,863 first lactation records of Holstein Friesian cows imported from Germany and managed at a private farm in Egypt between 2002 and 2012. Multiple Trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood was used for the data analysis (MTDFREML). Means of 10 MMY, LL and AFC were 9,710 kg, 357 days, and 27.17 months, respectively. All the traits examined were significantly impacted by the calving season and year. Heritability estimates for 10 MMY, LL and AFC were 0.37 ± 0.05, 0.20 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.002, respectively. Four selection indices were calculated by using three different methods of economic values, (1) actual relative economic weight, (2) one phenotypic standard deviation and (3) one genetic SD. Comparison of the three methods for estimating relative economic values revealed no differences in any of the three methods for the expected genetic gain per generation for each trait, the correlation between the total genetic value and the index, or the effectiveness of various indices in comparison to the original index (I₁). Therefore, the three methods were succeeded in predicting the genetic gain per generation for the three traits studied. However, the second method (one phenotypic standard deviation) was recommended based on ease of calculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"703-713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of homeopathic remedy supplementation on performance, blood parameters, and behavior of pigs under vaccination and regrouping stress conditions.","authors":"Hyungil Lee, Jung Yeol Sung, Jeonghyeon Son, Kyeong Su Chae, Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e28","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the modern swine production systems, pigs are often challenged with regrouping and vaccination, which may negatively affect growth performance and behavior of pigs. The objective was to test the hypothesis that a supplemental homeopathic remedy enhances growth performance in nursery pigs by improving hematological parameters and reducing stress from vaccination and regrouping. In a 28-day feeding experiment, 94 pigs with an initial mean body weight of 16.5 kg (SD = 1.7) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The basal diet was mainly based on corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and dried whey. Two additional diets were prepared by supplementing 0.1% or 0.2% of the homeopathic remedy to the basal diet at the expense of limestone. Feed disappearance of each pen was recorded daily, and body weight was measured weekly. On day 14, all pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly at the neck against classical swine fever. On day 21, a barrow and a gilt from each pen were moved to the other pen within the same treatment for regrouping. Pig behavior was recorded on days 0, 14, and 21 and categorized into 10 specific behaviors and grouped into three categories: mild, active, and aggressive behaviors. On day 21, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of a barrow and a gilt per pen. The growth performance and blood parameters of the pigs were not affected by the supplemental homeopathic remedy during the entire experimental period. On day 21, the proportion of active behavior of the pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% of homeopathic remedy was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that of the pigs fed the basal diet. When behavior data on days 0, 14, and 21 were combined, supplemental homeopathic remedy at 0.1% increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the proportion of active behavior of the pigs but 0.2% of homeopathic remedy did not affect the behavior of pigs. In conclusion, the homeopathic remedy can change the active behavior of pigs without major changes in growth performance or blood parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"785-794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>CSN1S1</i> and <i>CSN3</i> genetic variants affect milk quality traits in the buffalo population in Serbia.","authors":"Stefan Stepic, Jovana Kuveljic, Ivan Zivotic, Predrag Perisic, Vladan Bogdanovic, Aleksandar Ignjatovic, Maja Zivkovic","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e78","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mediterranean water buffalo breed is the most common in Europe. Caseins are major milk proteins whose gene variants can affect milk yield, composition, and processing characteristics. The most prevalent type of milk protein, αS1 casein, has been associated with milk quality traits. κ casein has been associated with traits crucial for cheese manufacturing. Small-scale households in Serbia raise buffaloes primarily for their use to make milk and butter. This study aimed to assess the association of <i>CSN1S1</i> and <i>CSN3</i> genetic variants, solely and in haplotype, with milk quality traits in the water buffalo population in Serbia. The study involved 130 water buffaloes from Serbia. <i>CSN1S1</i> and <i>CSN3</i> genotypes were determined using sequencing analysis on an ABI PRISM 3130 Genetic Analyzer. A subgroup of 42 animals was analyzed for the composition of raw buffalo milk. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 8 software and Thesias software for haplotype analysis. We found that <i>CSN1S1</i> 472G>C was associated with higher protein and casein levels in milk. Haplotype analysis of variants <i>CSN1S1</i> 472G>C and <i>CSN3</i> 467C>T showed that haplotype 1C3C had significantly higher casein levels (<i>p</i> = 0.00002) and protein levels (<i>p</i> = 0.0004) in comparison with the reference haplotype, 1G3C. Our results showed that genetic variants <i>CSN1S1</i> 472G>C and <i>CSN3</i> 467C>T in haplotype significantly impact casein levels in buffalo milk and suggest that their haplotype analysis provides greater significance in association with milk casein level than individual analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"714-723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of oxidative stress in chicken intestinal epithelial cells by functional nutrients.","authors":"Seung Yun Lee, Ho Gun Jang, Hye Won Lee, Dong Bin Kim, Hyo Jin Lee, Jin Hong Park, Ha Neul Lee, Gyu Lim Yeom, Ju Yeong Park, Yeong Bin Kim, Jong Hyuk Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e25","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify functional nutrients that enhance barrier function of chicken intestinal epithelial cells and alleviate stress in chickens by evaluating the effects of six candidate materials: threonine, arginine, vitamin C, vitamin E, chromium, and zinc. Each treatment group was treated with 2, 20, and 200 μg/mL. Among these, vitamin C and zinc demonstrated superior effects on chicken intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Arginine and zinc effectively reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) heat stress-related \"heat shock protein 70\" levels. However, none of the tested materials significantly impacted oxidative stress markers, such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Notably, vitamin C and zinc increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability, indicating their positive impact on barrier function of chicken intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, threonine evidently promoted tight junction health during prolonged treatment. These findings suggest that threonine, vitamin C, and zinc help upregulate proteins associated with tight junction integrity. Taken together, amino acids, vitamin C, and zinc display promise as functional nutrients for enhancing intestinal barrier function and mitigating stress damage in chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"795-813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative pangenome analysis of methanogenic archaea from diverse ecosystems reveals potential targets for methane mitigation in rumen microbiome.","authors":"Jeongkuk Park, Ki Beom Jang, Min-Geun Kang, Junhyeok Kyung, Jihyun Yoon, Sangdon Ryu, Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2500412","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2500412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rumen methanogenesis is a major biological contributor to methane emissions in ruminants, yet the extent to which functional markers align with taxonomic relationships and how genome content varies across habitats, remains poorly resolved. In this study, we integrated broad phylogenetic frameworks with pangenome-resolved analysis to characterize methanogenic archaea from diverse ecosystems, including seawater, freshwater, sewage, rumen, human gut, soil, and cockroach sources. By combining these insights with pangenome reconstruction and KEGG-based pathway mapping of methanogenesis, we reveal key evolutionary and functional patterns. Notably, phylogenies based on 16S rRNA and <i>mcrA</i> genes showed limited concordance: only two clades exhibited overlap between trees, with most clustering patterns lacking environmental specificity. This discrepancy reflects the deep conservation of 16S rRNA compared with the evolutionary plasticity of <i>mcr</i> genes, shaped by lateral gene transfer, gene loss, and pathway modularity. The pangenome comprised of 8,695 orthogroups across 71 genomes, with core and soft-core genes enriched in translation, amino acid metabolism, and coenzyme biosynthesis, while the shell contained many poorly annotated orthogroups, highlighting annotation gaps in archaeal genomes. KEGG analysis revealed habitat-specific signatures: rumen methanogens were notably depleted in genes of the acetyl-CoA pathway, whereas human gut methanogens lacked key cofactor biosynthesis modules, including those for coenzymes M, B, F₄₂₀, and methanofuran. From rumen-derived shotgun metagenomes, we identified 53 methane-producing, 4 canonical methanogenic, 10 potential competitor, and 1 methanotrophic metagenome-assembled genomes based on functional gene content. Competitor candidates included nitrate-reducing and Wood-Ljungdahl pathway-utilizing acetogens, suggesting hydrogen redirection under high-hydrogen or inhibitor conditions. These findings support a functional marker strategy that integrates 16S rRNA with pathway-specific genes and a pangenome framework to enhance ecological interpretations of methanogens and to prioritize potential targets for methane mitigation in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"935-953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome sequence of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> strain AJ_C_05 with potential characteristics to break down carbohydrates, applicable to livestock industry.","authors":"Yejin Choi, Hyunok Doo, Jinok Kwak, Juyoun Kang, Eun Sol Kim, Gi Beom Keum, Sumin Ryu, Haram Kim, Yeongjae Chae, Sheena Kim, Hyeun Bum Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e80","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Enterococcus faecium</i> strain AJ_C_05 was isolated from a Deonjang, a traditional Korean fermented food made from soybeans, and its complete genome was sequenced using the Oxford MinION platform. The complete genome of <i>E. faecium</i> strain AJ_C_05 has one circular chromosome and two plasmids. The chromosome of <i>E. faecium</i> strain AJ_C_05 consists of 2,623,546 base pairs (bp) with a guanine + cytosine (G+C) content of 38.3%, 2,680 coding sequences, 69 tRNAs, and 18 rRNAs. One plasmid is 164,853 bp long and has a G+C content of 35.5%, and the other plasmid is 11,235 bp long with G+C content of 33.1%. <i>E. faecium</i> strain AJ_C_05 possesses genes for enzyme determinants, such as alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), cellulases (EC 3.2.1.4), chitinase (EC 3.2.1.122), proteases (EC 3.4.21.112), and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8). These characteristics of <i>E. faecium</i> strain AJ_C_05 appears to indicate its potential to be used as probiotic feed additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"954-957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13259819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in gut microbiome of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) calves as driven by bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus infection.","authors":"Ji-Yeong Ku, Mi-Jin Lee, Youngwoo Jung, Kwang-Man Park, Jonghun Baek, Youngjun Kim, Ji-Seon Yoon, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Hak-Jong Choi, Jinho Park","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e29","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome of cattle suppresses pathogens and aids host immunity. However, the gut microbiome of newborn calves is still developing; therefore, diarrhea caused by pathogen infection is common. Rapid changes in the gut microbiome due to diarrhea have a significant impact on the health and growth of calves. Until recently, there have been few studies on the changes in the gut microbiome following infection with major digestive pathogens that cause diarrhea in Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) calves. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify viral digestive pathogens that cause severe diarrhea in Hanwoo calves. Seven normal calves without diarrhea and eight calves with diarrhea were selected, and their feces were collected to analyze pathogens and the gut microbiome. Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) were detected in the feces of the calves with diarrhea. There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity of the microbiome between normal calves and calves infected with viruses; however, a significant decrease in NPShannon and Shannon indices and a significant increase in Simpson index were observed in calves infected with BRV compared to calves infected with BCoV. In addition, beta diversity of the microbiome differed distinctly between normal calves and calves infected with BRV or BCoV. At the class level, BRV infection increased Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas BCoV infection increased Clostridia and decreased Bacilli. In addition, the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> was significantly reduced upon infection with BRV and BCoV. In this study, we confirmed the differences in the gut microbiome based on viral pathogens causing diarrhea in Hanwoo calves. The results of pathogen-targeting research are expected to be helpful in preventing common pathogens in calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"904-916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals systemic and intestinal responses to heat stress in finishing pigs.","authors":"Min-Ki Seok, Chiwoong Lim, Young-Jun Seo, Ji-Yeong Lee, Hyunjin Kyoung, Minho Song, Jun-Mo Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2500366","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2500366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress (HS) is a major environmental threat to swine production that impairs growth performance and health. Because of their limited thermoregulatory capacity, pigs are highly vulnerable to HS, which results in compromised intestinal integrity, systemic inflammation, and metabolic inefficiency. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying HS acclimation in pigs, we conducted a longitudinal multi-omics analysis integrating fecal microbiome, whole-blood transcriptome, and immune cell deconvolution in finishing pigs under thermoneutral (TN) or HS conditions. HS markedly reduced the average daily gain and feed intake. Microbiome profiling revealed condition-specific shifts: TN pigs showed enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera, such as <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i>, whereas HS pigs exhibited increased <i>Clostridium sensu stricto</i> 1. Functional predictions indicated preservation of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory pathways (glutathione, retinol, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis) in TN pigs, whereas HS pigs displayed branched-chain amino acid catabolism, reflecting metabolic acclimation under stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed acute changes at week 1, with 516 differentially expressed genes enriched in hematopoiesis, focal adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, and thyroid hormone signaling. By Week 2, these gene responses had declined, suggesting partial acclimation. Network analysis identified cytoskeletal genes (<i>ACTB</i>, <i>MYL9</i>, <i>ACTN4</i>, and <i>COL4A4</i>) as the central regulators. Immune deconvolution further showed the HS-driven elevation of cytotoxic T and myeloid subsets, in contrast to B cell populations which were maintained under TN, highlighting divergent immune trajectories. Integration of the microbiome, transcriptome, and immune data revealed two axes: (1) cytotoxic T cells positively associated with <i>Clostridium sensu stricto</i> 1, but negatively associated with cytoskeletal genes, and (2) B cells positively linked to <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and structural genes. Only the B-cell structural axis formed a coherent cross-layer module, indicatin a recovery-oriented response. These findings demonstrate that resilience to HS requires the coordination of humoral immunity, cytoskeletal reinforcement, and SCFA-producing microbiota. The identified biomarker axis (<i>Prevotella</i>, B cells, and cytoskeletal genes) provides a mechanistic basis for developing precise strategies to enhance thermal tolerance in swine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 3","pages":"917-934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13259785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}