Journal of Animal Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Complete genome sequence of <i>Priestia megaterium</i> S188, a hydrogen sulfide-degrading bacterium.","authors":"Sang Hoon Kim, Ji Hoon Song, Remilyn M Mendoza, Dae-Kyung Kang","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e81","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Priestia megaterium</i> (formerly <i>Bacillus megaterium</i>) is a gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium found in a wide range of environmental niches. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of <i>P. megaterium</i> S188 isolated from soil, which can decrease hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) levels and help reduce malodor generation in livestock farms. Putative genes related to sulfide assimilation and conversion were found in the genome of <i>P. megaterium</i> S188; among these, one O-acetylhomoserine (O-AH) desulfhydrase, two cysteine synthases-primarily related to the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids, five rhodanese or sulfurtransferases, and one nitrogen reductase were identified. The genomic information on <i>P. megaterium</i> S188 provides insights into the possible biodegradation or conversion mechanisms of sulfur-containing substances that cause malodors, which can help reduce odor generation. Furthermore, identification of the key genes or molecules responsible for H₂S reduction would facilitate the optimization of the H₂S-degrading ability of S188.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"714-717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas concentration monitoring techniques by using an infrared photo-acoustic multi-gas analyser and low-cost devices in an open dairy barn.","authors":"Provvidenza Rita D'Urso, Claudia Arcidiacono, Giovanni Cascone","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e33","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive livestock housing systems can play a relevant role in the reduction of ammonia (NH₃) and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Gas concentrations monitoring represents the first step to increase knowledge on the release of gases in the atmosphere and their reduction. In the literature few research studies have investigated the measurement techniques and sampling strategies in Mediterranean context where dairy barns are characterized by wide opening. The objectives of the investigation involve the study of the parameters' setting, number of repetitions for each measurement, position of the sampling points as well as assessing the use of low-cost instrument for gas concentration monitoring. Concentrations of NH₃, methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) were acquired in an open barn during warm periods by the use of an infrared photoacoustic spectroscope and low-cost portable instruments based on electrochemical and infrared sensors. Statistical analyses were applied to assess data variability. Specific information was provided on how to collect data and obtain reliable measurements by focusing on the acquisition and monitoring of gas concentrations in the barn environment by the use of the two different kinds of devices. The monitoring optimization was found to be affected by the measurement techniques, the sampling strategy (i.e., sampling frequency, number and position of sampling locations, and set-up of the instrument) and monitoring purposes (i.e., measurement of gas, emission estimation, assessment of mitigation strategies).</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"651-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A refined comparative mouse model of acute and chronic atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Jinok Kwak, Hyunok Doo, Eun Sol Kim, Gi Beom Keum, Sumin Ryu, Yejin Choi, Juyoun Kang, Haram Kim, Yeongjae Chae, Sheena Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee, Hyeun Bum Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e93","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine and human atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disorder with an increasing incidence, characterized by distinct acute and chronic phases with unique histological and immunological profiles. Although research into effective treatment methods has been insufficient, there has been a surge in the exploration of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy for AD. Such probiotics are often originated from the animals, and these are being developed to modulate the immune system and enhance skin barrier function, offering promising new treatment options for AD. To better understand the pathogenesis of both canine and human AD and develop treatments, animal models that accurately replicate the symptoms of both species are indispensable. This study aimed to establish a standardized and cost-effective BALB/c mouse model to more accurately simulate canine and human AD using dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) alone and in combination with ovalbumin (OVA). We evaluated histological and immunological changes from acute to chronic stages of AD in the mouse model induced by treatment of DNCB alone and DNCB combined with OVA to determine their similarity to both canine and human AD symptoms. The results showed that the pathological changes observed in the mouse AD model demonstrated significant parallels with both species, including increased mast cell infiltration, epidermal thickening, and elevated cytokine levels such as interleukin-4 and interferon-γ. Acute phase observations highlighted pronounced epidermal defects such as dryness and skin erosion, while chronic phase findings indicated persistent skin thickening, inflammation, and notable edema. Although both mouse models showed comparable symptoms and immunological responses, the model induced by the combination of DNCB and OVA more accurately represented canine and human AD compared to the model induced by DNCB alone. This combined DNCB and OVA mouse model provides valuable insights into AD pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets, underscoring its significance in AD research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"636-650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dietary selenium sources and levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, selenium concentrations, and blood biochemistry of growing-finishing pigs.","authors":"Hyunjin Kyoung, Yonggu Kang, Jinmu Ahn, Jin Ho Cho, Dongoh Seo, Jinuk Nam, Ikcheol Shin, Hyeun Bum Kim, Minho Song","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e53","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral that plays an important role in physiological and biochemical responses by regulating the antioxidant system. Dietary Se is provided as a nutritional supplement to livestock diets in inorganic (ISe) or organic (OSe) form and has different bioavailability to animals. However, the comparison of the effects of dietary Se in different forms and levels of bioavailability are still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Se sources and levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, proximate composition of pork loin, Se concentrations, and blood biochemistry of growing-finishing pigs. In a randomized complete block design (block = initial body weight and sex), 160 pigs (28.17 ± 3.03 kg of body weight) were allotted to five dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 8 replicates/treatment) and fed for 14 weeks. Dietary treatments were 1) a non-Se-fortified diet based on corn and soybean meal provided as control (CON), 2) CON + 0.3 ppm ISe (ISe3), 3) CON + 0.5 ppm ISe (ISe5), 4) CON + 0.3 ppm OSe (OSe3), and 5) CON + 0.5 ppm OSe (OSe5). Data and sample collections were conducted at the specific time points during the study. Pigs fed dietary OSe tended to have an increased (p < 0.10) gain to feed ratio in the grower phase compared with those fed dietary ISe. In addition, dietary OSe increased (p < 0.05) hot carcass weight compared with dietary ISe. In contrast, dietary ISe increased (p < 0.05) crude protein content of pork loin compared with dietary OSe. Se concentrations in the kidney and pork loin were higher when the dietary Se source was OSe (p < 0.05) and increased with increasing dietary Se level (p < 0.05). In the finisher phase, serum total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, and creatinine concentrations increased with increasing dietary Se level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study verified that dietary ISe and OSe each affected crude protein content of pork loin and tissue Se concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, blood biochemistry was modulated by prolonged intake with increased levels of dietary Se, regardless of the Se source.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"607-618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instance segmentation and automated pig posture recognition for smart health management.","authors":"Md Nasim Reza, Md Sazzadul Kabir, Md Asrakul Haque, Hongbin Jin, Hyunjin Kyoung, Young Kyoung Choi, Gookhwan Kim, Sun-Ok Chung","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e112","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in posture and movement during the growing period can often indicate abnormal development or health in pigs, making it possible to monitor and detect early morphological symptoms and health risks, potentially helping to limit the spread of infections. Large-scale pig farming requires extensive visual monitoring by workers, which is time-consuming and laborious. However, a potential solution is computer vision-based monitoring of posture and movement. The objective of this study was to recognize and detect pig posture using a masked-based instance segmentation for automated pig monitoring in a closed pig farm environment. Two automatic video acquisition systems were installed from the top and side views. RGB images were extracted from the RGB video files and used for annotation work. Manual annotation of 600 images was used to prepare a training dataset, including the four postures: standing, sitting, lying, and eating from the food bin. An instance segmentation framework was employed to recognize and detect pig posture. A region proposal network was used in the Mask R-CNN-generated candidate boxes and the features from these boxes were extracted using RoIPool, followed by classification and bounding-box regression. The model effectively identified standard postures, achieving a mean average precision of 0.937 for piglets and 0.935 for adults. The proposed model showed strong potential for real-time posture monitoring and early welfare issue detection in pigs, aiding in the optimization of farm management practices. Additionally, the study explored body weight estimation using 2D image pixel areas, which showed a high correlation with actual weight, although limitations in capturing 3D volume could affect precision. Future work should integrate 3D imaging or depth sensors and expand the use of the model across diverse farm conditions to enhance real-world applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"677-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thorough review of phytogenic feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: production, gut health, and environmental concerns.","authors":"Sarbani Biswas, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e26","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for sustainable livestock production has intensified interest in phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) as viable alternatives to conventional growth promoters and antibiotics. Derived from plant-based sources such as herbs, spices, and essential oils, PFAs have demonstrated significant potential to enhance production performance, improve gut health, and mitigate environmental impact in non-ruminant systems. Bioactive compounds such as thymol, carvacrol, menthol, and anethole play a crucial role in modulating gut microbiota, strengthening immune responses, and reducing gastrointestinal disorders. Their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties further support animal health while reducing antibiotic dependence, addressing growing concerns over antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, they contribute to improved nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency, leading to enhanced growth performance. From an environmental perspective, their use is associated with lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduced waste contamination, aligning with sustainability goals in modern livestock systems. PFAs improve feed efficiency, leading to reduced feed waste and lower resource input, which in turn decreases the environmental burden of livestock production. Additionally, their antimicrobial properties may reduce the need for synthetic chemicals in animal health management, further minimizing the release of harmful substances into the environment. Despite these promising benefits, inconsistencies in research findings highlight the need for further studies to determine optimal inclusion levels and clarify their mechanisms of action. Future research should focus on developing standardized formulations, improving bioavailability, and assessing long-term effects on animal health and performance. Additionally, advancements in delivery technologies and synergistic combinations with other feed additives could enhance their efficacy. By synthesizing the latest developments, this review underscores the potential of PFAs as a strategic tool for optimizing non-ruminant productivity, ensuring animal welfare, and promoting environmentally sustainable livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"497-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lasalocid-supplemented diets for improving carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acids content of goats.","authors":"Gamaleldin M Suliman, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Ahmed M El-Waziry, Mutassim M Abdelrahman, Maged A Al-Garadi, Abdulkareem M Matar, Mohammed A A Al-Badwi, Fahad S Al-Harbi, Hussain Al-Sornokh, Saeid M Basmaeil","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e79","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of lasalocid supplementation on the diet of goats to improve carcass characteristics, meat quality traits, and fatty acid content. Sixty intact male Ardhi goats were used. The kids were divided into four treatment groups, each with 15 animals, and further subdivided into five subgroups, each with three goats, in a completely randomized design. Data on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid profiles were obtained. The LAS treatment significantly affected the chill shrinkage and dressing percentage on the empty body weight. Saturated fatty acids decreased, whereas essential polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with the addition of supplements. In conclusion, including lasalocid in the diets of Ardhi goats enhanced the carcass characteristics of the animals, whereas meat quality traits were not negatively affected by the supplement.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"110 1","pages":"536-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74385532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic detection of trapping events of postnatal piglets in loose housing pen: comparison of YOLO versions 4, 5, and 8.","authors":"Taeyong Yun, Jinsul Kim, Jinhyeon Yun, Tai-Won Um","doi":"10.5187/jast.2024.e106","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2024.e106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the pig industry has experienced an alarming surge in piglet mortality shortly after farrowing due to crushing by the sow. This issue has been exacerbated by the adoption of hyperprolific sows and the transition to loose housing pens, adversely affecting both animal welfare and productivity. In response to these challenges, researchers have progressively turned to artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) to address various issues within the livestock sector. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of different versions of object detection algorithms, aiming to identify the optimal AIoT system for monitoring piglet crushing events based on performance and practicality. The methodology involved extracting relevant footage depicting instances of piglet crushing from recorded farrowing pen videos, which were subsequently condensed into 2-3 min edited clips. These clips were categorized into three classes: no trapping, trapping, and crushing. Data augmentation techniques, including rotation, flipping, and adjustments to saturation and contrast, were applied to enhance the dataset. This study employed three deep learning object recognition algorithms-- You Only Look Once (YOLO)v4-Tiny, YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s--followed by a performance analysis. The average precision (AP) for trapping detection across the models yielded values of 0.963 for YOLOv4-Tiny, and 0.995 for both YOLOv5s, and YOLOv8s. Notably, trapping detection performance was similar between YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s. However, YOLOv5s proved to be the best choice considering its model size of 13.6 MB compared to YOLOv4-Tiny's 22.4 MB and YOLOv8's 21.4 MB. Considering both performance metrics and model size, YOLOv5s emerges as the most suitable model for detecting trapping within an AIoT framework. Future endeavors may leverage this research to refine and expand the scope of AIoT applications in addressing challenges within the pig industry, ultimately contributing to advancements in both animal husbandry practices and technological solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"666-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different processed forms of Panax ginseng on sperm motility and reproductive parameters in male dogs.","authors":"Taeyoung Kil, Minkyu Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e35","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2025.e35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility in dogs is a significant concern in veterinary reproductive medicine, with sperm quality being a key determinant of reproductive success. Traditional herbal medicine, particularly <i>Panax ginseng</i>, is widely recognized for its potential to enhance male reproductive function. However, its effects on canine reproduction remain unexplored. This study investigated the impact of different processed forms of <i>Panax ginseng</i>-white ginseng (WG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG)-on sperm motility, testosterone levels, and biochemical parameters in dogs. Beagle dogs were administered WG, RG, or BG daily for 60 days in a crossover design. Serum testosterone levels and biochemical markers were measured at predefined intervals, while sperm motility and velocity parameters were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results demonstrated that BG supplementation significantly improved sperm motility and velocity parameters compared to WG and RG, with no adverse effects on biochemical markers. However, testosterone levels remained unchanged across groups. These findings suggest that BG may enhance canine sperm quality through mechanisms independent of testosterone regulation. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular pathways and optimize dosing strategies for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 3","pages":"701-713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The vision of big data recirculation for smart livestock farming in South Korea.","authors":"Seung-Hoon Lee, Kyu-Sang Lim, Hakkyo Lee, Jaeyoung Heo, Jaemin Kim, Seon-Ho Kim, Sung-Hak Kim, Jong-Eun Park, Dajeong Lim, Jae-Don Oh, Bu-Min Kim, Song-Won Yoo, Donghyun Shin, Jun-Mo Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2025.e21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A smart livestock farm is a livestock farm where information and communication technology systems are used. Based on the measured data, these systems can make decisions regarding all processes, including stocking, breeding, shipping, and evaluation. The data generated from smart livestock farms have increased the complexity and diversity of phenotypes. Fused data that integrate environmental and phenotypic information from smart livestock farms with genetic data are valuable for detailed applications in breeding and specifications, as they help understand complex and organic phenotypes and environments. However, their effectiveness is limited by restrictions on data sharing and non-standardized formats. This limitation leads to other restrictions against researchers, such as restrictions on the range of projects, the supply of new technologies or farm species, and policy development or application restrictions. Therefore, promoting a recirculating environment to increase productivity, developing climate-adapted livestock, and implementing policies are necessary. We discuss the smart livestock farm from the perspective of '<i>Phenotype</i> = <i>Genetic value</i> + <i>Environment value</i>'. The dissemination of smart livestock big data and essential components, such as data warehouses, is outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"67 2","pages":"303-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}