Journal of Animal Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring synergistic effect of bacteriophages with probiotics against multidrug resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in a simulated chicken gastrointestinal system using metagenomic- and culturomic approaches.","authors":"Youbin Choi, Anna Kang, Min-Geun Kang, Daniel Junpyo Lee, Dawon Kyoung, Jung Min Heo, Minho Song, Sangnam Oh, Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2025.e30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2025.e30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> is a critical foodborne pathogen that significantly affects global food safety and the poultry industry. The reliance on antibiotics to control <i>Salmonella</i> infections has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, necessitating the development of alternative strategies. The present study explored the synergistic potential of combining bacteriophages and probiotics as a dual approach for <i>Salmonella</i> suppression and gut microbiota modulation. Using a multi-omics approach integrating culture and metagenomics, we isolated <i>Lactobacillus</i> <i>reuteri</i> J2M1, a robust probiotic strain with strong acid and bile tolerance, intestinal adhesion, and a safety profile. Concurrently, two bacteriophages, SLAM_phiST45 and SLAM_phiST56, targeting <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium were selected based on their broad host range, enhanced inhibitory effects as a cocktail, and genomic safety validated through whole-genome sequencing. In a model that simulated the gut environment of poultry, the combined application of bacteriophages and <i>L. reuteri</i> J2M1 resulted in significant changes in the microbial community at the genus level. Although the application of bacteriophages alone effectively reduced <i>Salmonella</i> populations, it also led to the proliferation of genera that contain potential pathogens, such as <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>. In contrast, the co-application of <i>L. reuteri</i> J2M1 mitigated these negative effects by promoting the growth of beneficial genera, including <i>Oscillibacter</i> and <i>Clostridium butyricum</i>, which are associated with anti-inflammatory properties and gut health. These findings demonstrate that combining bacteriophages with probiotics suppresses pathogens as well as contributes to the establishment of a balanced gut microbial community. This study highlights the utility of a multi-omics approach for probiotic discovery, the efficacy of bacteriophage cocktails in pathogen suppression, and the benefits of their synergistic application with probiotics. Although <i>in vivo</i> validation is required, these <i>in vitro</i> results provide a robust foundation for the development of sustainable and effective alternatives to antibiotics for poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1213-1238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of illite and bentonite in weaned piglets challenged with <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Jihwan Lee, Dongcheol Song, Seungwon Jung, Jiseon An, Seyeon Chang, Kyeongho Jeon, Hyuck Kim, Jinmo Yang, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2500116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2500116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of illite (IT) and bentonite (BE) on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs challenged with <i>Escherichia coli</i>. A total of 24 (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) weaned pigs (initial body weight: 9.61 ± 0.65 kg, 28 ± 3 days old) were assigned to six treatments with four replicates per treatment. Pigs were housed in individual pens for 17 days, including a 3-day adaptation period and 14 days after the first <i>E. coli</i> challenge. In the <i>E. coli</i>-challenged groups, all pigs were orally inoculated with a total of 10 mL of <i>E. coli</i> for three consecutive days. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two challenge levels (challenged and non-challenged) and three types of clay mineral (non-supplemented, IT, and BE). IT and BE were included in the diets at 1% and 1.5%, respectively. <i>E. coli</i> challenge reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, G:F during the entire experimental period and lowered (<i>p</i> < 0.05) serum interleukin-8, interleukin-10, malondialdehyde (MDA), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels on D 3. However, in the <i>E. coli</i>-challenged group, IT supplementation improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) G:F compared to the non-supplemented group during the first week. Additionally, IT supplementation increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) blood IFN-γ and mucin expression levels compared to the non-supplemented group in the challenged groups. At the end of the experiment, intestinal morphology and intestinal immunity were evaluated to assess intestinal health. <i>E. coli</i> challenge reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) villus height and tight junction protein expression while increasing (<i>p</i> < 0.05) crypt depth. In the <i>E. coli</i>-challenged group, BE supplementation increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) villus height and the expression of tight junction proteins compared to the non-supplemented group. Additionally, IT supplementation in <i>E.</i> coli challenge increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) mucin expression levels in the intestine compared to the non-supplemented group. Inconclusion, dietary supplementation with IT and BE mitigates the adverse effects of <i>E. coli</i> infection and suggests their potential as effective additives for managing <i>E. coli</i> challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1164-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock immunogenomics based on omics integration: from infection and stress to xenotransplantation.","authors":"Byeonghwi Lim, Chiwoong Lim, Min-Jae Jang, Young-Jun Seo, Jun-Mo Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2600054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2600054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Livestock production systems are increasingly constrained by infectious diseases and environmental stress. These factors compromise productivity, animal welfare, and sustainability under heterogeneous field conditions. Immune-related traits governing disease susceptibility, recovery, and performance loss are polygenic and influenced by diverse conditions. They arise from coordinated responses across multiple tissues and molecular layers. As a result, single-omics approaches often fail to generalize across breeds, environments, and management systems, limiting their translational value in improving livestock health. Livestock immunogenomics has emerged as a framework for addressing this complexity by linking genetic variation with regulatory, cellular, and metabolic programs that shape immune competence and resilience across diverse biological and production conditions. In recent years, substantial progress in functional genome annotation, genotype-tissue regulatory atlases, and single-cell reference datasets has strengthened the foundation for systems-level analyses in major livestock species. However, effective translation requires integrative strategies aligned with field-relevant phenotypes and capable of remaining interpretable under varying production and biological conditions. In this review, we synthesized computational and experimental strategies for omics integration in livestock immunogenomics and examined their applications across three major domains: infectious diseases, environmental stress, and xenotransplantation. We highlight design principles that improve interpretability and transportability, including longitudinal sampling, phase-aware designs across stages of the response, compartment-resolved analysis across tissues, integration of regulatory layers, and explicit reduction of complex outputs into deployable signatures. Case studies in cattle, swine, and poultry illustrate how integrative frameworks distinguish protective immune programs from inflammation-associated damage, link molecular modules to resilience-related phenotypes, and support their application in precision health management and breeding strategies. Beyond production systems, we discuss xenotransplantation as an extreme but informative translational setting. In this context, livestock immunogenomics reveals how immune outcomes emerge from coordinated regulatory and metabolic programs rather than from individual antigenic mismatches. Collectively, this review emphasizes that the future impact of livestock immunogenomics lies not in increasing data dimensionality, but treating omics integration as a translational pipeline that connects systems-level immune biology to practical interventions for animal health, welfare, and sustainable production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1015-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of MHC-B linked LEI0258 marker diversity in various chicken populations.","authors":"Prabuddha Manjula, Denuwan Lasitha Perera, Roshani Fernando, Minjun Kim, Eunjin Cho, Jun Heon Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2500118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2500118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) LEI0258 is the most polymorphic marker in the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) B region. Unlike other microsatellite markers, LEI0258 is characterized by R13 and R12 repeat motifs, resulting in greater allele variation across chicken breeds. The allele size of this marker can also vary due to deletions and insertions of one to several base pairs. Sanger sequencing of LEI0258 alleles allows for determining exact allele sizes (bp), elucidates its repeat motif combination patterns, reveals other polymorphisms in the non-repeating sequence region, and identifies allele size inconsistencies among populations. This study investigates LEI0258 diversity and its repeat motif and flanking sequence variation by Sanger sequencing of 621 LEI0258 alleles from Asian, African, and North American standard and commercial chickens. Eighty-eight different allele sizes (182-565 bp) were detected. Asian and African chickens exhibited more alleles than North American and commercial breeds. Eighteen shared alleles and numerous unique alleles were identified. There were 48 repeat motif combinations across the 88 allele sizes, including 16 novel combinations in Asian chickens and two in American and commercial chickens. In 26 alleles, the R13-R12 combinations consisted of a single copy of R13 with 2 to 28 R12 repeats; the remaining alleles contained various copy numbers for both R13 and R12 repeats. Moreover, the same allele size could occur with different motif combinations. Additional allele variation was observed due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions or deletions (indels) in the upstream or downstream of the LEI0258 marker. Collectively, the loss or gain of VNTRs and additional polymorphisms explain the broader allele variation in LEI0258; greater MHC diversity is observed in Asian and African chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1051-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>in ovo</i> feeding of arginine, tryptophan, and threonine on hatch performance, hatchability, and morphometry of broiler chickens.","authors":"Ju Yeong Park, Yeong Bin Kim, Gyu Lim Yeom, Ha Neul Lee, Geun Yong Park, Jong Hyuk Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2400474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2400474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of <i>in ovo</i> feeding of arginine (Arg), tryptophan (Trp), and threonine (Thr) on hatch performance, hatchability, and morphometry of newly hatched broiler chickens. A total of 400 fertile eggs from 28-week-old Arbor Acres broiler breeder flocks, with an average fertile egg weight of 52 ± 0.7 g, were collected for the experiment. The eggs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (80 eggs per group, eight replicates of 10 eggs each): non-injected control (CON); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection (100 μL of 1% PBS); Arg injection (100 μL/egg); Trp injection (100 μL/egg); and Thr injection (100 μL/egg). All eggs were incubated at the recommended temperature and humidity of 38.0 ± 0.2°C and 75.0 ± 3%, respectively. After hatching, one 1-day-old broiler chick per replicate with a body weight (BW) close to the average of each treatment was selected for hatchability and morphometry assessments. Results indicated that CON and PBS groups had significantly greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BW than Trp and Thr groups. The hatch window was greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in Thr group compared to CON, PBS, and Trp groups. However, no significant differences were observed among treatments for hatchability such as hatch of set and fertile, egg weight, survival rate, and chick yield. Morphometric analysis revealed that Arg, Trp, and Thr treatment groups exhibited significantly greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) middle toe length compared to CON group. Conversely, small intestine length and chick body length were reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in Arg, Trp, and Thr groups compared to CON group. No significant differences were observed in tibia and radius among groups. In conclusion, <i>in ovo</i> feeding Arg, Trp, and Thr influenced chick morphology and organ development, indicating that precise dosage optimization of amino acid injection during the embryonic stage is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1135-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of <i>in vitro</i> method for estimating <i>in vivo</i> digestibility in mixed-breed dogs across each life stage.","authors":"Kyeongho Jeon, Minho Song, Jihwan Lee, Dongcheol Song, Hyuck Kim, Jinmo Yang, Hyohyeon Yu, Hyeun Bum Kim, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2600101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2600101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between a two-step <i>in vitro</i> digestion procedure and <i>in vivo</i> apparent total tract digestibility across three life stages in mixed-breed dogs. Eighteen dogs were divided into three groups: puppies (n = 6; < 1 year; initial body weight [iBW]: 10.68 ± 1.55 kg), adults (n = 6; 2-7 years; iBW: 8.34 ± 0.38 kg), and seniors (n = 6; > 8 years; iBW: 8.87 ± 0.98 kg). An extruded diet based on oat, turkey, and chicken breast meal was used for both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> digestibility determinations of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, gross energy, crude fiber, and ether extract. <i>In vitro</i> digestibility values were consistently higher than <i>in vivo</i> values across all nutrients and life stages (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Linear regression revealed strong <i>in vitro</i>-<i>in vivo</i> agreement for gross energy across all life stages (<i>r²</i> = 0.87-0.98), for organic matter in adult dogs (<i>r²</i> = 0.96), and for ether extract and dry matter in senior dogs (<i>r²</i> = 0.91-0.93), as well as for crude fiber in puppies and adults (<i>r²</i> = 0.85-0.87) and for ether extract in puppies (<i>r²</i> = 0.91), whereas agreement was weaker for crude protein across life stages (<i>r²</i> = 0.55-0.66) and for organic matter in puppies (<i>r²</i> = 0.40). These findings indicate that the two-step <i>in vitro</i> digestion method can serve as a practical screening tool for energy and macronutrient digestibility in mixed-breed dogs of the body-size range studied here, with predictive accuracy that depends on both the nutrient and the life stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1322-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of body condition score and parity on reproductive and health outcomes in Hanwoo cows.","authors":"Myungsun Park, Sun Sik Jang, Hyoun Ju Kim, Shil Jin, Gi Suk Jang, Borhan Shokrollahi, Yonghwan Kim, Sung-Sik Kang, Youl Chang Baek","doi":"10.5187/jast.2500124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2500124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the interactive effects of body condition score (BCS) and parity on reproductive performance and health outcomes in Hanwoo cows. A total of 511 cows were grouped by parity, specifically, heifers (parity 0), multiparous cows (parity 1-4), and older cows (parity ≥ 5), and by BCS, specifically, under-conditioned (UC, BCS < 2.5), adequate (AD, BCS 2.5-3.5), and over-conditioned (OC, BCS ≥ 4.0). Pregnancy rates varied significantly according to parity and BCS. OC heifers had the highest conception rate (95.8%), but also exhibited increased rates of maternal (17.4%) and calf (8.7%) health issues. Multiparous cows maintained high fertility even at low BCS, although heavier male calves were associated with greater calving difficulty in the UC group. Among older cows, the AD group had the most favorable outcomes, whereas the UC group failed to conceive. Gestation was longest in heifers with AD BCS, suggesting sensitivity to maternal condition. Calf birth weight was heaviest for male calves born to UC multiparous cows, who also faced the greatest calving difficulty. Calf and dam health outcomes were poorest in OC cows, particularly heifers. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant negative interaction effects between low BCS and heifer status, indicating that the conception likelihood was reduced in these groups. The impact of BCS was strongly modulated by parity. In summary, OC may benefit fertility in heifers but increases perinatal risk, while multiparous cows tolerate lower BCS at increased calving difficulty. Older cows benefit most from maintaining a moderate BCS. These findings emphasize the need for parity-specific nutritional strategies to improve reproductive performance and herd health in Hanwoo cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1175-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of carcass weight and primal cuts production for Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc pigs under temperature variations in Korea.","authors":"Jiwoo Kang, Youngjin Kim, Hyunsu Choi, Jaeyoung Kim, Yang-Il Choi, Euijong Lee, Jungseok Choi","doi":"10.5187/jast.2500064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2500064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the monthly production of primal cuts using a non-destructive carcass analyzer, non-destructive carcass analyzer (VCS2000), and to explore the correlations between monthly temperature variation and primal cuts production in 699,727 Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc pigs by deriving correlations and regression equations between measured primal cuts production and carcass weight. The production yields of five primal cuts (shoulder blade, shoulder picnic, loin, belly, and ham) were quantified, with ham showing the highest yield and shoulder blade the lowest. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations (r > 0.7) between carcass weight and each primal cut, with the shoulder blade showing the highest correlation. Backfat thickness exhibited only weak positive correlations with primal cuts. Simple linear regression models for each primal cut yielded coefficients of determination (<i>R</i> ²) ranging from 0.71 to 0.88, with shoulder blade showing the highest value. Multiple linear regression, using all five cuts as predictors for carcass weight, resulted in a high <i>R</i> ² of 0.98. Monthly analysis showed that carcass weight and primal cut yields were highest during winter months (December to February) and lowest in summer (June to August). An increase in temperature adversely affected pig production. Consequently, utilizing the non-destructive carcass analyzer for monthly evaluation of pig carcass characteristics is effective for predicting pork production in response to temperature variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1261-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional properties of specific peptides derived from whey protein fermented with lactic acid bacteria isolated from dog feces.","authors":"Haneul Kim, Jiwon Lee, Sangjae Lee, Jeongnam Kim, Hongseog Kim, Cheolhyun Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2500035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2500035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To prevent degenerative joint diseases in dogs, the development of fermented whey peptides that enhance calcium absorption is essential. This study examined the physiological traits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from canine feces. The functional characteristics of whey peptides produced through fermentation with these bacterial strains were also investigated. To assess this, three strains-<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> D5, D6, and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> D7-were chosen, and their respective whey protein hydrolysis levels were evaluated after fermentation. Among these strains, <i>L. plantarum</i> D7 exhibited the highest hydrolysis rate. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, along with calcium solubility, were evaluated. Fraction 2 displayed significant antioxidant activity and effectively inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, 17 amino acids, including leucine, were identified. These findings suggest that <i>L. plantarum</i> D7 has the potential to be used as a functional food ingredient to promote canine health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1189-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in steroid hormone receptors, angiogenic, cell proliferation, apoptotic, and Ras-related factors during estrous cycle in porcine corpus luteum.","authors":"Hyewon Kim, Sang-Hee Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2600012","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2600012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the association of Ras signaling with steroid hormone receptors, angiogenic factors, cell cycle/cell proliferation markers, and apoptotic factors during the estrous cycle in pigs. Porcine corpus luteum (CL) tissues were classified into the early (EP), middle (MP), and late phases (LP). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression profiles of steroid hormone receptors, angiogenic factors, cell cycle-related factors, apoptosis-related factors, Ras and Ras GTPases were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and protein-protein interaction. The CL showed the highest tissue weight in the MP. At the mRNA level, <i>3β-HSD</i> and <i>P4R</i> were substantially increased at MP, and <i>PGF2αR</i> was markedly elevated at LP. At the protein level, 3β-HSD was the highest at MP, P4R was increased at EP, and PGF2αR was the highest at LP. For angiogenic factors, <i>angiopoietin 1</i> and <i>Tie2</i> mRNA levels were increased in MP, vascular endothelial growth factor D protein levels were increased in MP. Cell cycle factors revealed increased <i>extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1</i>, <i>cyclin dependent kinase 1</i>, and <i>cyclin B1</i> mRNA expression in MP, whereas CCNB1 protein expression increased in EP. <i>tumor necrosis factor receptor 1</i> mRNA was the highest in LP, <i>Bax</i> and <i>caspase 3</i> mRNA increased in the MP group, and <i>Bcl2</i> mRNA increased at EP. At the protein level, Casp3 was markedly increased in LP. Additionally, the Ras family and Ras GTPases showed stage-dependent expression alterations at the mRNA and protein levels. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes-based molecular action analysis suggested a conserved interaction architecture across species and indicated potential functional linkages connecting hormone receptors and angiogenesis modules with Ras-related components and downstream cell cycle factors. Thus, porcine CL reveals coordinated, phase-dependent alterations in steroidogenic activity, angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and Ras-related signaling components during the estrous cycle. In conclusion, these findings provide foundational evidence that Ras signaling pathways act as integrative regulatory modules linking endocrine and vascular cues to intracellular signaling during the estrous cycle. This supports further porcine-specific mechanistic studies to clarify the Ras-centered regulation of CL function.</p>","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":"1083-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}