Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Molecular detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Selangor, Malaysia.","authors":"Nurulhidayah Khalid, Siti Suri Arshad, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k797","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) disease is a viral infection in cows caused by a single-stranded plus-sense RNA virus of the <i>Pestivirus</i> genus under the <i>Flaviviridae</i> family. The clinical manifestation of BVD mainly includes diarrhea and immunosuppression, thereby exacerbating various respiratory diseases. This study was conducted to detect and molecularly characterize the bovine viral diarrhea disease virus (BVDV) in cattle on selected farms in Selangor, Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for antigen detection in 253 plasma samples collected from cows using a cross-sectional study design. We selected the 5 untranslated regions (5'-UTR) region and the E2 region to compare the genetic differences between the isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One sample was found to be positive (1/253) following RT-PCR targeting the conserved 5'-UTR region of BVDV. Thus, BVDV antigen prevalence was 0.40% (95% confidence interval: 0.0%-2.2%). By targeting the hypervariable E2 region of the isolated virus, UPM/MAL/BVDV/D17, the virus was classified under the subgenotype BVDV-1a.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BVDV is present and circulating on selected cattle farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Given the presence of BVDV in several subgenotypes, the screening of all incoming cattle at Malaysia's border is pertinent to prevent the entry of other BVDV subgenotypes into the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"474-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of virgin coconut oil on potent biochemical biomarkers in Wistar rat model of comorbid depression.","authors":"Chitra Pai Kulyadi, Anupama Noojibail, Nayanatara Arun Kumar, Sowndarya Kollampare, Prameela Manoor Dass","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k794","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic stress arises from stressful situations in day-to-day life that are ignored or managed incorrectly. Long-term stress can have negative effects, especially when it plays a role in the development of neurological illnesses. Severe stress can also negatively impact emotional well-being. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has numerous health advantages. The aim of this study was to assess how VCO affected the biochemical and behavioral characteristics of Wistar albino rats exposed to chronic, unpredictable stress.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Healthy Wistar albino rats (150-200 gm) were split into two groups: experimental group and control group. Based on stress exposure and treatment with VCO and antidepressants, they were further divided into various subgroups. A chronic, unpredictable stress procedure was given for 21 days. After the experimental procedure, the rats were anesthetized, and through a cardiac puncture, blood was collected. The liver and brain were dissected to estimate different biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VCO proved to be a protective agent against chronic, unpredictable stress-induced changes in the biochemical parameters, hepatic enzyme activity, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VCO might be helpful as an effective natural treatment that can be utilized to effectively combat chronic, unpredictable stress-induced changes in brain and liver tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"449-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of animal leptospirosis in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Zhumagul Kirkimbayeva, Birzhan Biyashev, Svetlana Yermagambetova, Gulnur Kuzembekova, Bek Abdeliev","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k793","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the paper was to monitor the disease incidence in farm and wild animals in some areas of Kazakhstan, which are most susceptible to leptospirosis, and the typification of isolated pathogens, carried out under the scientific and technical program \"Studying the epizootological characteristics of the country territory on particularly dangerous diseases and developing veterinary and sanitary measures to improve their effectiveness\" in 2021-2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The material included the reports of veterinary laboratories on leptospirosis in recent years, as well as laboratory tests on samples carried out at the \"SANA\" research and development enterprise. During this period, 6,701 serum samples from farm animals and 86,651 serum samples from rodents were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serological results showed antibody titers in the blood of 6.32% of cattle, 5.4% of sheep, 4.2% of horses, and 1.8% of pigs. The highest number of positive samples were found in Turkestan (12.3%), Almaty (11.7%), and Kyzylorda (11.4%) regions. Infection in rodents was lower and ranged from 0.34% to 0.07% during these years. The population of leptospira-causing diseases of animals on the territory of the country is represented by 8 serogroups. Studies in 2022 on the detection of pathogenic leptospires by polymerase chain reaction in 350 samples of blood serum from animals and 350 samples of biomaterial from rodents from different regions of Kazakhstan were negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Studies conducted as part of this work will help reduce the incidence of disease among the population and animals in Kazakhstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactulose with synergists supplementation improving a health of chicks and reducing the environmental burden in poultry industry.","authors":"Ivan Fiodorovich Gorlov, Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina, Daria Aleksandrovna Mosolova, Lyudmila Viktorovna Khoroshevskaya, Zoya Borisovna Komarova, Vladimir Nikolaevich Nikulin, Evgeniya Aleksandrovna Struk, Aleksey Petrovich Khoroshevsky, Elena Yurievna Anisimova","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k792","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to understand the effect of new antibiotic-substituting supplements in feeding chickens of the Hisex Brown cross in industrial conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 216 hatched chicks were randomly selected and distributed into Control, Test I, and Test II groups, with 3 replicates of 24 birds in three treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the experiment, BW of T1/T2 birds was higher by 6.12% (<i>p</i> <0.01) and 10.29% (<i>p <</i>0.001) than CON. In comparison with the control hens, T1/T2 birds had a higher feed conversion rate and digestibility of nutrients. The blood indicators of T1/T2 hens exceeded those in control. Prebiotic supplementations were positively influenced in the immune indices of birds. IgA, IgG, IgM increased in groups T1/T2. Similar regularity was found in the natural resistance of chicks fed S1/S2. In the caecum, the <i>Lactobacilli</i> number was higher than in CON by 17.03% (<i>p <</i>0.01) in T1 and by 18.47% (<i>p <</i>0.01)-in T2; <i>Bifidobacteria</i>-by 17.94 (<i>p <</i>0.001) and 19.09% (<i>p <</i>0.01), respectively; at the same time, the number of <i>E. coli</i> decreased by 21.05% (<i>p <</i>0.01) and 24.21% (<i>p <</i>0.01). The concentration of emitted excreta noxious gases decreased: ammonia by 22.40%-24.95% (<i>p <</i>0.01); hydrogen sulfide by 10.67%-16.00% (<i>p <</i>0.01); and mercaptans by 12.90%-17.74% (<i>p <</i>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the use of lactulose-based supplements as antibiotic alternatives to improve production in poultry farming and to reduce the toxic load on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"429-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of D-galactose-induced rat polycystic ovarian condition using <i>Lepidium sativum</i> and secondary antibodies.","authors":"Yousef Alharbi, Abdulrahman Aba Alkhail, Abdel-Kader Zaki","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k791","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is still much to be discovered regarding the etiopathogenesis and management of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four groups of female Wister-Albino rats were established, each with a normal estrous cycle: control, D ( + ) galactose (D-galactose), <i>Lepidium sativum</i> (<i>L. sativum</i>), and prepared secondary antibody (Ab2). Serum samples were collected, and histopathological examination was performed on ovaries and spleen tissues. Immunoreactive anti-ovarian antibody (AOA) quantities were determined using a modified antigen-based ELISA procedure. ELISA assay kits were used to quantify FSH, LH, and estradiol 17 β concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that AOA concentration in undiluted samples was significantly higher in the second and fourth weeks after PCOS induction by D-galactose (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, antibody index% and titer elevated in the D-galactose group. <i>L. sativum</i>'s late efficacy was observed in the fourth week, while the concentration of undiluted samples in the D-galactose + Ab2 group lowered (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Higher basal FSH and LH levels and lower estrogen levels are associated with PCOS development. <i>L. sativum</i>'s immunomodulatory properties may contribute to this association. Estradiol-17ß concentrations increased in D-galactose + <i>L. sativum</i> and D-galactose + Ab2 groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Careful extrapolation of experimental models is crucial for clinical applications, as technical advancements make Ab2 production easier. Further study is needed to fully understand its potential in immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"418-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the dominant strain (G-VII) of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from commercial chickens in Bangladesh during recent outbreaks.","authors":"Mohammad Aynul Haque, Mohammad Sadekuzzaman, Md Enamul Haque, Mst Kohinoor Parvin, Md Mostofa Kamal, Sajedul Hayat, Md Ariful Islam, Mst Minara Khatun, Mahbubul Pratik Siddique, Sham Soun Nahar, A K M Khasruzzaman, Muhammud Tofazzal Hossain, Md Alimul Islam","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k790","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Newcastle disease virus genotype VII (NDV-GVII), an extremely infectious pathogen, has been causing severe economic consequences for the chicken industry. The current study aimed to isolate and characterize NDV-GVII from commercial chickens in Bangladesh during a recent outbreak.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From clinically suspected chickens from 70 commercial poultry farms, a total of 420 samples (trachea, lungs, and brain tissue) were collected. The samples were cultivated in 9-10 day-old seronegative embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) after evaluating them using the rapid Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen detection kit. The hemagglutination (HA) inhibition test, agar gel immune diffusion (AGID) test, molecular detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and phylogenetic studies using gene sequences of fusion (F) protein. The HA pattern of isolated NDV was determined using different avian and mammalian red blood cells (RBCs). The pathogenicity of the isolated virus was evaluated using mean death time (MDT), intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI), and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found 87 NDV samples positive using the rapid NDV Ag detection kit and then 60 positives for virus isolation in ECEs. All 60 isolates were positive for NDV by HI, AGID, and RT-PCR. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that recent NDV isolates belong to genotype VII and exhibit a similarity of 99.7%-98.5% with isolates from Bangladesh, Iran, and India. The new isolates, identified as velogenic strains of NDV, possess an F protein cleavage site with ¹¹²-R-T-K-R-F-¹¹⁷ amino acid motifs. The isolated NDV showed diversified HA activity while using RBCs from birds and mammals. The results of ICPI, IVPI, and MDT indicated that the recent NDV isolates were very virulent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that NDV-GVII is prevalent in commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"408-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular prevalence of <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, <i>Babesia bigemina,</i> and <i>Theileria orientalis</i> and their associations with Mafriwal cattle's age groups.","authors":"Muhamad Ali Hanapiah Ab Manap, Nur Sabrina Ahmad Mustaza, Nur Amalina Nasruddin, Wan Ladiana Wan Abdullah, Halimatun Yaakub, Basripuzi Nurul Hayyan","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k787","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to determine the molecular prevalence of hemoparasites and their associations with Mafriwal cattle's age groups.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood samples were taken from the coccygeal veins of calves (<i>n =</i> 92), yearlings (<i>n =</i> 95), lactating (<i>n =</i> 90), and dry (<i>n =</i> 94) cows, which were subjected to microscopic and molecular identification of hemoparasites. The prevalence rate was determined based on the proportion of infected samples in the observed samples. Associations between hemoparasitism and different age groups of Mafriwal cattle were determined by the odds ratio and Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Babesia bigemina</i> was the most prevalent hemoparasite in monospecies infection (20.8%), while the co-infection of <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> and <i>B. bigemina</i> (36.4%) had the highest molecular prevalence. Highly significant associations of hemoparasitism were observed between calves and yearlings (<i>p <</i> 0.001, Odds ratio = 21.340, 95% CI = 3.200-907.871), lactating (<i>p <</i> 0.01, Odds ratio = 6.600, 95% CI = 1.808-36.516), and dry (<i>p <</i> 0.001, Odds ratio = 10.457, 95% CI = 2.363-96.242) cows. Nevertheless, calves and yearlings were 2-4 times more likely to be co-infected with multiple hemoparasite species in comparison to older age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mafriwal cattle were more susceptible to hemoparasitism with advancing age, but the younger calves were more prone to be co-infected with multiple hemoparasite species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"384-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on the effects of fungal and bacterial phytase with or without citric acid on growth performance, serum mineral profile, bone quality, and nutrient retention in broilers.","authors":"Rakhi Chowdhury, Md Aliar Rahman, Khan Md Shaiful Islam, Mohammad Al-Mamun","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k786","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Current research aimed to compare the effects of fungal and bacterial phytase with or without citric acid (CA) on growth performance, serum mineral profile, bone quality, and nutrient retention in birds given non-phytate phosphorus (nPP)-deficient diets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 216 Indian River broiler chicks were disturbed into six groups, namely, i) positive control (PC), ii) negative control (NC) contained 0.2% lower nPP than that in the PC diet, iii) NC + fungal phytase (<i>Aspergillus niger</i>), iv) NC + fungal phytase with 2% CA, v) NC + bacterial phytase (<i>Escherichia coli</i>), and vi) NC + bacterial phytase with 2% CA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the PC group, the NC group showed poor performance, serum phosphorus (P) content, P retention, and bone quality. However, with the inclusion of phytase, all these phenomena were improved. The addition of bacterial phytase showed better values compared with fungal phytase. The main effects of phytase were significant for the feed conversion ratio (FCR), metabolizable energy conversion ratio (MECR), and P retention. The addition of CA, either with fungal or bacterial phytases, did not show considerable beneficial effects on overall performances. However, the main effects of CA were significant on the FCR, MECR, and crude protein conversion ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating bacterial and fungal phytase into low-nPP diets enhanced the broiler's performance. The effects of bacterial phytase were more apparent than those of fungal phytase. However, the efficacy of phytase based on the source might relate to dose, and other factors need further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and molecular analysis of <i>Toxocara cati</i> in Baghdad Province.","authors":"Zaid Khalid Alani, May Hameed Kawan","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k788","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to detect <i>Toxocara cati</i> in cats by microscopic and molecular analysis using PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Randomly selected 200 cat feces samples were taken from various private veterinarian clinics in Baghdad. To identify eggs of <i>T. cati</i> by the flotation method, DNA from 100 cat feces was extracted, and one pair of ITS2 region-specific primers was used for polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Toxocara cati</i> infection rate was found to be 23 out of 100 fecal samples using PCR. Ten DNA product sequence data studies showed 98%-100% similarity to the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene sequences found in the Gene Bank. The study incidence showed that the overall infection rate by microscopic examination was 23%, with no significant difference between stray cats (27%), and domestic cats (19%). After studying the effect of several epidemiological parameters on the infection rate, it was found that the infection rates of stray and domestic cats were higher in kittens under six months of age, at 46.1% and 27%, respectively, whereas rates were lower for the adult than six months was 11.5% of domestic cats and 14.7% of stray cats. The percentage of stray and domestic male cats that were registered was 35.5%, whereas the female cats registered were 20.6% and 17.5%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cats are significant clinical reservoirs for zoonotic parasites. In Iraq, Baghdad has a high incidence of <i>T. cati</i> detections. Compared to conventional methods, PCR is thought to be a more sensitive, accurate diagnostic procedure that confirms the species' identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"392-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolated from commercial layer chickens in Bangladesh during the year 2021-2022.","authors":"Md Mostofa Kamal, Mohammad Sadekuzzaman, Kohinoor Parvin, Md Enamul Haque, Sajedul Hayat, Md Ariful Islam, Mst Minara Khatun, Mahbubul Pratik Siddique, Sham Soun Nahar, A K M Khasruzzaman, Muhammud Tofazzal Hossain, Md Alimul Islam","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k789","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is responsible for causing infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), which is a rapidly spreading and extremely transmissible disease in chickens. The current research aims to isolate and characterize ILTV from layer chickens in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 345 samples (trachea, larynx, and lungs) were collected from ILT-suspected dead and sick layer chickens of 32 ILT-suspected farms in three different outbreak districts (Gazipur, Tangail, and Mymensingh) of Bangladesh during the outbreak year 2021-2022. Rapid detection kits examined the samples for avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). ILTV-specific primers were used to screen 72 NDV- and AIV-negative samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), the study isolated the ILT virus from 9 to 10-day-old seronegative embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) using selected PCR-positive samples. The virus was confirmed using nucleotide sequencing, agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIDT), viral neutralization test (VNT), and pathogenicity evaluations using mortality index for chicken embryos (MICEs) and intra-tracheal pathogenicity index (ITPI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that among the PCR-positive 10 samples, only two (Alim_ILT_1001 and Alim_ILT_1,000) were found positive using ECEs. There were two field isolates of ILTVs, as shown by the amplicon size of the ICP4 gene-based PCR. A phylogenetic study of the ICP4 gene revealed that the recent isolates have a close similarity with the ILTV isolates of Turkey, Bangladesh, and Australia. AGIDT revealed strong precipitation lines due to ILTV-specific antibodies reacting with field viruses, while VNT neutralized both isolates with conventional ILTV antibodies. The pathogenicity testing indicated that Alim_ILT_1001 had MICE and ITPI values of 0.77 and 0.63, whereas Alim_ILT_1,000 had 0.71 and 0.57.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the ILTV isolates have similarities with the isolates of Turkey, Bangladesh, and Australia, and they are highly virulent for chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"398-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}