Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Modification of cryoprotectants on sperm cryopreservation: A study of embryo development.","authors":"Manggiasih Dwiayu Larasati, Silvia Werdhy Lestari, Mulyoto Pangestu, Andon Hestiantoro, Gito Wasian","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k804","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research was conducted to analyze the effect of cryopreservation of sperm using modified cryoprotectants on embryo development through <i>in vitro</i> fertilization (IVF). In this research, three types of cryoprotectant combinations were compared, including Nakagata, modified cryoprotectant, and commercial (Kitazato).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Several parameters, namely sperm concentration, motility, morphology, plasma membrane integrity, cryo-survival rate, and viability rate, were measured and compared before vitrification and warming. Embryo development was also observed on the first and third days of development based on the cell number, cell size, and fragmentation rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm cryopreservation exhibited a negative influence on embryo quality. Both Nakagata cryoprotectants and modified cryoprotectants attained good-quality embryos. In terms of embryonic development, this research revealed a modified cryoprotectant superior to Nakagata's cryoprotectant, although Kitazato was superior to the Nakagata cryoprotectant and modified cryoprotectant. Significant differences were found in the three cryoprotectants on observations on day 1 and day 3, all of them with <i>p-</i>value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modified cryoprotectant was found to be better than Nakagata but less significant than Kitazato in terms of embryonic development quality. Therefore, modified cryoprotectants could be a better alternative compared to commercial (Kitazato) cryoprotectants for improving embryo quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 3","pages":"544-552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of one-shot vincristine sulfate combined with surgical excision as a new regimen for treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumor.","authors":"Khaled Abouelnasr, Mohamed A Hamed, Rasha Eltaysh, Eman Abo Elfadl, Shefaa Bazeed, Samah Ibrahim, Liana Fericean, Foad Farrag, Mohamed Salem, Awad Rizk","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k805","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of surgical excision combined with a single shot of vincristine sulfate for treating transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-two dogs were divided randomly into two groups (<i>n =</i> 26). Dogs in Group I were treated surgically by debulking the tumorous mass, whereas dogs in Group II were subjected to a combination of surgery and a single injection of vincristine sulfate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female dogs showed a high prevalence of TVT compared to males (67.3%, <i>n =</i> 35 <i>vs.</i> 32.7%, <i>n =</i> 17), respectively. The German shepherd's breed showed a high prevalence of TVT compared to other breeds. There was a positive association between sex and outcomes. Most occurrences of regret in Group II were reported in females (<i>n =</i> 16, 61.5%) compared to male dogs (<i>n =</i> 10, 38.5%). There was also a positive association between breed and outcome. Most occurrences of regret in Group II were reported in German shepherd dogs (<i>n =</i> 16) compared to Group I (<i>n =</i> 7). In Group I, 15 dogs (57.7%) showed a complete regression, and 11 (42.3%) underwent recurrence. However, in Group II, 21 dogs (80.7%) showed a complete regression, and 5 dogs (19.2 %) underwent recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It appears therefore that the simultaneous use of surgery and administration of a single dose of vincristine sulfate could be considered a combination therapy for TVT as it reduces the risk of recurrence and has a reasonable cost. Recognizing potential risk factors associated with TVT in dogs may be helpful in constructing the best preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 3","pages":"553-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation of the reassorted very virulent genotype of infectious bursal disease virus isolated from vaccinated broiler chickens in Bangladesh.","authors":"Rony Ahmed, Md Shamsul Kaunain Oli, Md Salim Jahan, Sumaiya Pervin, Md Mostakin Ahamed, Mohammad Habibur Rahman, Marzia Rahman, K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir, Md Tanvir Rahman, Md Bahanur Rahman","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k803","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The methodology employed in this research was designed to identify and characterize the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at the molecular level, originating from recent outbreaks in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The IBDV outbreak farm was investigated, and bursa of fabricius (BF) specimens were acquired from infected chickens. Initially, viruses in the processed samples were detected in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, and the RT-PCR method was used to confirm IBDV. The positive samples were injected through chorioallantoic membrane route into the embryo of a 10-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) egg for virus isolation and pathogenicity testing. Finally, we sequenced the VP2 gene to identify phylogenetic relationships and detect mutations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 77 collected samples, 42.85% (33/77) were found positive for cytopathic effects in CEF cells, and IBDV was detected in 31.16% (24/77) of the samples by RT-PCR. IBDV was isolated in SPF chicken embryos. In the pathogenicity test, infectious bursal disease was evident in seronegative chickens with visible signs of disease. Sequence analysis shows that the broiler-isolated viruses clustered with genotype A3B2 and backyard chickens with genotype A1B1. The presence of amino acid motifs for virulence markers was revealed in the partially sequenced VP2 gene with a mutation at S254G in four IBDV isolates from broilers. However, amino acids for virulence markers were absent in two isolates from backyard chickens, which shows sequence homology with IBDV classic strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we identified and characterized circulating reassorted IBDV from vaccinated broilers, which may be one of the major causes of vaccination failure in broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 3","pages":"534-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine macroalgae (<i>Enteromorpha intestinalis</i>) for improving the growth performance, meat quality traits, and serum biochemical parameters in broilers.","authors":"Latifa Akter, Md Abul Kalam, Ummay Ayman, Rafiqul Islam, Morsheda Nasrin, Sonali Bhakta, Md Abul Hashem, Ziaul Haque","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k802","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of green macroalgae as a novel, natural feed additive for broilers that have a greater concentration of active ingredients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four experimental groups of 180-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly assigned, with three replicates in each group: the control group [T0, maintained only with basal diet] and three treatment groups supplemented with macroalgae for 35 days along with basal diet [T1 = 0.05% (w/w); T2 = 0.1% (w/w); T3 = 0.2% (w/w) macroalgae]. Live weight, carcass weight, and organs' weight were noted at the conclusion of the experiment. The meat quality was examined using the muscles of the thighs and breasts, and blood serum was obtained for biochemical assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that dietary supplementation of green macroalgae (0.1%) in broiler rations significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved the growth performance compared to other treated groups and controls. With increasing weight, it enhanced meat quality traits assessed by increased water holding capacity, ultimate pH, redness and yellowness, and decreased lightness of muscles in the thighs and breasts. Both the levels of serum cholesterol and abdominal fat decreased and showed no unwholesome effects on liver and kidney functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For the production of safe and high-quality poultry meat, marine green macroalgae (<i>Enteromorpha intestinalis</i>) could be used as a potential feed additive. It enhanced the growth rate in broilers and improved meat quality and serum biochemical parameters for supplying healthy meat in the human food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"524-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staining patterns of PNA and UEA-I lectins in the postnatal developing male genital excurrent duct epithelium in mice.","authors":"Md Royhan Gofur, Kazushige Ogawa","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k801","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The research was aimed at determining the staining patterns of Peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) lectin in postnatal developing (day 1 to 8 weeks) male genital excurrent duct epithelium in mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Lectin staining was performed on testis and epididymis of 1-day-old and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 8-week-old ICR mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rete testis epithelia were UEA-I- and PNA-negative at all postnatal ages. PNA lectin unclearly stained the epithelial apical surface in efferent ductules (ED) and ductus epididymis up to 2 weeks, while UEA-I was negative in those epithelia. By contrast, at 3 weeks of age, PNA and/or UEA-I turned to clearly label epithelia in the excurrent duct system. At 5 weeks, efferent ductules epithelium was UEA-I-negative but strongly PNA-positive; segment I was PNA-negative but faintly UEA-I positive; segment II was weakly PNA-positive but strongly UEA-I-positive; segment III was strongly-PNA- and UEA-I-positive; segment IV was weakly UEA-I-positive but strongly PNA-positive; and segment V was faintly UEA-I-positive but strongly PNA-positive. At 5 and 8 weeks (the adult), the staining patterns of PNA and UEA-I lectins were nearly identical. Moreover, an increasing staining intensity was observed in both lectins with the advancement of age until 5 weeks of age. Additionally, it was noted that, with the exception of segment I, the staining intensity of PNA gradually increased while that of UEA-I gradually decreased towards the distal section of the ductus epididymis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lectin PNA and UEA-I staining, in conclusion, indicated epithelial segments in the male genital duct of mice from the postnatal developing age of 3 weeks, and up until 5 weeks, their staining patterns were nearly identical to those in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"516-523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phaneroptic characterization and zoometric indices of Creole goats in the Ayacucho Region, Peru: First step for breeding programs, selection, and conservation.","authors":"Walter Palomino-Guerrera, Yeferson Laimes Estrada, David Godoy Padilla, Juancarlos Cruz Luis, Fritz Trillo Zárate","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k799","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics and typification of Creole goats in five localities of the Ayacucho region in south-central Peru.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from 149 goats (25 males and 124 females) were collected, excluding animals under 2 years of age, pregnant, and sick. Seven qualitative characteristics and 11 zometric measurements were evaluated, and then 9 zometric indices were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the region, goats with composite colors predominated (76.50%). Additionally, supernumerary (24.20%) and divergent teats (22.60%) were observed in females, while males exhibited a scrotal bifurcation (32.00%). The origin of the flock had a significant effect <i>(p</i> < 0.05) on body measurements, as well as on pelvic index, transverse pelvic index, longitudinal pelvic index, compactness index, and load cannon bone index, except for body index (BOI), proportionality index, dactyl thorax index (DTI), and relative cannon bone thickness index (<<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the Ayacucho region, there is a predominance of light animals (57.72%) with a significant DTI (<<i>p</i> < 0.05) among the populations, including goats with good balance and capable of walking long distances. Furthermore, there are compact animals (47.65%) with a significant BOI (<<i>p</i> < 0.05) among the flock populations, which animals are of the biotype of meat. Conversely, the strongest positive correlation (<<i>r</i> = 0.89) was discovered between chest girth and body weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the Ayacucho region, there are various creole goat biotypes range from light to very compact heavy goats, with a predominance of meat biotype animals, as well as a marked size dimorphism between localities of origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"494-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective potentials of polymyxin B and honey against bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in mice.","authors":"Ferdous Hasan Mithun, Md Eftakhar Jahan Bhuiyan, Md Golzar Hossain, Chirojit Debnath, K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir, Sharmin Akter","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k800","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The experiment aimed to determine the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polymyxin B, and honey on survival rates, hematological parameters, liver and kidney biomarkers, blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, and histopathology of the liver, kidney, lungs, brain, and pancreas in LPS-challenged mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>50 male Swiss Albino mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>), aged 3 weeks, were randomly assigned into 5 groups (10 mice per group): Control group (A), LPS (2 mg/kg bwt/day IP in NS) treated group (B), polymyxin B (1.2 mg/kg bwt/day IM) pre-treated plus LPS (2 mg/kg bwt/day IP in NS) treated group (C), honey (10 gm/kg bwt/day PO) pre-treated plus LPS (2 mg/kg bwt/day IP in NS) treated group (D), both polymyxin B (1.2 mg/kg bwt/day IM) and honey (10 gm/kg bwt/day PO) pre-treated plus LPS (2 mg/kg bwt/day IP in NS) treated group (E). The LPS was administered intraperitoneally (IP) at 80 µg/mice/day, diluting in normal saline. After 16 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and blood samples and organs (liver, kidney, lung, brain, and pancreas) were collected for laboratory tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that in LPS-treated mice, the mortality rate was the highest, and hemato-biochemical parameters were altered. Histopathological examination in the group treated with LPS showed disarrangement of hepatocytes, cellular infiltrations in the glomerulus, alveolar congestion in the lungs, several nerve fiber degenerations in the brain, and degenerative changes in pancreatic islets. The mortality rate and hemato-biochemical and histopathological changes were restored by the combined treatment of polymyxin B and honey.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LPS has detrimental effects on survival rate and hemato-biochemistry, which are lessened by taking honey and polymyxin B supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"503-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement of animal and poultry nutrition: Harnessing the power of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology.","authors":"Mahbuba Akther Mishu, Sabuj Kanti Nath, M Sohidullah, Md Taslim Hossain","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k798","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRISPR-associated proteins and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas) technology has emerged as a groundbreaking advancement in animal and poultry nutrition to improve feed conversion efficiency, enhance disease resistance, and improve the nutritional quality of animal products. Despite significant advancements, there is a research gap in the systematic understanding and comprehensive use of the CRISPR-Cas method in animal and poultry nutrition. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the latest advancements in animal and poultry nutrition through CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology, focusing on gene manipulation in metabolism, immunity, and growth. Following preferred reporting items in meta-analysis and systematic reviews guidelines, we conducted a systematic search using several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, until May 2024, and finally, we included a total of 108 articles in this study. This article explores the use of the CRISPR-Cas system in the advancement of feed additives like probiotics and enzymes, which could reduce the use of antibiotics in animal production. Furthermore, the article discusses ethical and regulatory issues related to gene editing in animal and poultry nutrition, including concerns about animal welfare, food safety, and environmental impacts. Overall, the CRISPR-Cas system holds substantial promise to overcome the challenges in modern animal agriculture. By enriching the nutritional quality of animal products, increasing disease resistance, and improving feed efficiency, it offers sustainable and cost-effective solutions that can revolutionize animal and poultry nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"483-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiogram profiling and detection of <i>icaA</i> and <i>blaZ</i> genes from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. of healthy bovine raw milk sample origin.","authors":"Asmaul Husna, Md Arefin Kallol, Farhana Binte Ferdous, Khudaza Akter Lima, Zannatul Haque Tumpa, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, Marzia Rahman","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k795","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study focused on the antibiogram profiling of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp<i>.</i> (CoNS) and the detection of <i>icaA</i> and <i>blaZ</i> genes from bovine raw milk samples.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Bovine milk samples were collected from dairy farms, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. were isolated and identified via conventional and molecular screening. Disk diffusion test (DDT) was implemented to determine the resistance pattern. Biofilm and β-lactamase-producing <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. were identified via amplification of the <i>icaA</i> and <i>blaZ</i> genes. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and CoNS were identified by DDT and PCR of the <i>mecA</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 63 samples, 35 were confirmed as <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., of which 16 (25.39%) <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were coagulase-positive, while 19 (30.16%) were negative. PCR confirmed that 50% (8/16) of <i>S. aureus</i> and 36.84% (7/19) of CoNS possessed the <i>icaA</i> gene. All <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were found resistant to penicillin-G (P) both phenotypically and genotypically. The isolates were also resistant to erythromycin (ERY) and oxytetracycline (TET). While CoNS showed high to reduced resistance against P, TET, ERY, and azithromycin, no <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, while 10.53% of CoNS isolates were. All <i>S. aureus</i> and CoNS isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin. MR was exhibited by 37.5% of <i>S. aureus</i> and 42.10% of CoNS isolates. Moreover, <i>S. aureus</i> and CoNS had 56.25% and 52.63% multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study revealed the presence of a biofilm-producing, MDR staphylococcal strain in milk that might endanger consumers. Routine surveillance and monitoring, along with antimicrobial resistance learning, can reduce risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"455-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of smokeless nicotine on blood physiology, biochemical, and histological alterations using <i>Labeo rohita</i> as a model organism.","authors":"Shabbir Ahmad, Hasnain Akmal, Sajid Ali, Kamran Jafar, Muhammad Shoaib, Muqadas Shahzadi, Iqra Akram, Taqi Shahid Jaffari, Irfan Ahmad, Arva Mehmood, Khurram Shahzad","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k796","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present research was conducted to evaluate the negative effects of nicotine powder on the blood physiology, and biochemical and histological alterations of <i>Labeo rohita.</i></p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fish were divided into four groups (1-4). Fish groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to different concentrations of nicotine, such as 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75 mg/l, while group 1 acted as a control. To find out the long-term impact of nicotine on body physiology, we conducted a 42-day experiment. After the completion of the experiment, hematology, biochemical assays, and histology were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed a considerable increase in HGB, red blood cells, WBCs, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width -SD, procalcitonin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, globulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, BUN, creatinine, and blood glucose levels, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, RDW, platelet, high-density lipoprotein, albumin, total proteins, and T₃ levels were significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) decreased in exposed fish as compared to control group fish. Histological alterations showed that exposure to smokeless nicotine causes deleterious and degenerative effects in the liver, kidney, and gills of exposed fish.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nicotine administration in fish results in adverse effects on different biochemical and hematological parameters and causes histological alterations in some vital organs of exposed fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"463-473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}