Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient-rich feed supplementation accelerates recovery of body condition and increases calf birth weight in Bali cattle affected by foot and mouth disease.","authors":"Yusuf Akhyar Sutaryono, Dahlanuddin Dahlanuddin, Ryan Aryadin Putra, Adji Santoso Dradjat, Syamsul Hidayat Dilaga, Suhubdy Suhubdy, Sukarne Sukarne, Dedi Supriadi","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l877","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feed supplementation on the body condition of cows suffering from foot and mouth disease (FMD) and the birth weight of their calves.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 30 pregnant cows (6-7 months gestation), divided into five groups of six cows each. Groups A, B, C, D, and group E were supplemented with concentrates at levels of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% of body weight, respectively. The concentrates comprised cassava peels (60%), corn mill (40%), urea (3% of total feed needed), and minerals (25% of total feed needed).</p><p><strong>Variables: </strong>Following the onset of FMD symptoms, observations were made on the duration of hypersalivation, nasal discharge, snout and nose erosion, tongue and lip erosion, foot swelling, refusal to eat, and return to normal feed consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that feed supplementation accelerated recovery such as time from hypersalivation, nasal discharge, muzzle erosion, and tongue (<i>p <</i> 0.05). However, no significant difference in interdigital wounds and duration of reluctance to eat due to FMD. Providing nutrient-rich feed also increases the body condition scores after FMD infection and the calf birth weight (<i>p <</i> 0.05) of Bali cattle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that nutrient-rich feed supplementation accelerates cow recovery from FMD, maintains body condition, and increases the calf birth weight of Bali cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum biochemistry, hematology, and reproductive behavior of free-roaming cats in urban and rural habitats.","authors":"Fakhrul Islam, Md Imranuzzaman, Hemayet Hossain, Muhammad Ali, Susmita Rani Sarker, Mostafizor Rahman, Sadia Islam Ria, Papri Rani Dey, Rijon Miah, Md Ashiqur Rahman, Khadiza Akter Brishty, Saiful Islam, Aminul Islam, Md Masudur Rahman, Md Mahfujur Rahman, Shahana Begum","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l873","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted to reveal the hematology, serum biochemistry, and reproductive behavior of free-roaming cats in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Overall, 130 free-roaming cats were captured, of which 52 were Tom (male), 69 were Queen (female), and 9 were kittens. Regarding their ages, the cats were divided into three groups: <1 year as kittens, 1 to 2 years as young, and adults over two years. Thirty blood samples were drawn from the cephalic or saphenous veins of the hind leg for hematological and serum biochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that the average hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in kittens than in young and adult cats (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In comparison to young and adult cats, kittens had considerably greater red blood cell, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet counts, whereas mature cats had much higher white blood cell counts. The number of lymphocytes and monocytes was shown to be non-significant, while other components, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, varied considerably by age group. Rural cats showed significantly (<i>p <</i> 0.05) higher alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, whereas urban cats showed higher serum glucose (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The duration of the cat's estrous cycle was (5.63 ± 1.75) days, as were the inter-estrous phase's length (7 days), gestation time (66.6 days), and queening rate (65.2). There were 3.92 ± 0.55 kittens per litter. Males reached puberty at a young age of 9.3 months, while females did so at 8.3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings may contribute to the growing body of research on free-roaming cat populations, which is important for understanding the ecology and behavior of these cats and constructing strategies for their conservation and welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms on Cholecystokinin B Receptor gene as a candidate gene for crowing in Pelung chickens.","authors":"Indrawati Yudha Asmara, Nena Hilmia, Dani Garnida","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l881","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore mutation based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) gene of Pelung chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We collected DNA samples from 48 Pelung roosters that had won the crowing competition. The CCKBR target encompasses exon 3, intron 3, exon 4, and a part of intron 4, a long 601 bp. This target was replicated using PCR with specific primers that were designed by Primer-BLAST from NCBI. We generated the nucleotide sequence from the PCR product's sequencing results. The SNP analysis was done by BioEdit and MEGA. Genotyping and haplotyping were done based on nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on exons 3 and 4. We calculated allele and genotype frequency, heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) using POPGENE 32 programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. The nsSNP in exon 3 alters the coding for the 210th amino acid from serine to asparagine (g.1290 G > A/S210N), while the SNPs in exon 4 alter the coding for the 232nd amino acid from valine to phenylalanine (g.1423G > T/V232F) and the 243rd amino acid that changes the amino acid valine to glycine (g.1457T > G/V243G). The frequency of the mutated alleles is lower than the unmutated alleles. However, the mutation at position g.1457T > G/V243G produces a higher frequency than the unmutated allele. The allele and genotype frequency were not in HWE. It was caused by intensive selection in Pelung chickens, especially for growing capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nonsynonymous mutation on CCKBR may cause variations in the crowing and other traits such as the growth of Pelung chickens. Further studies are needed to explore the CCKBR gene, including the relationship of the gene with the vigor and/or stress level of Pelung chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of Thai stick cannabis Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.), sugar leaves extract against pathogenic bacteria.","authors":"Panicha Pongnaratorn, Natthida Sophon, Parichart Boueroy","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l870","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. is aware of a rich source of bioactive substances with various structures that exhibit pharmacological activity in the central nervous system, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, respiratory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal systems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, cannabis sugar leaves were soaked in 99% ethanol, followed by evaporation. The antibacterial effect of the cannabis sugar leaf extract was then evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth dilution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study indicated that the cannabis sugar leaf extract inhibited <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> when compared to tetracycline, but it did not inhibit <i>Pseudomonas</i> <i>aeruginosa</i>. The MIC and MBC of the cannabis sugar leaves extract against <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i>, <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i>, and <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i> were 0.977, 1.953, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 250, 500, 250, and 500 mg/ml, respectively. The bioactive compounds in cannabis sugar leaf extract were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that the major bioactive compounds were Δ-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). While minor bioactive compounds included gallic acid and tannic acid. These results support the benefits of cannabis sugar leaf extract, which has been used for its pharmacological properties and may be useful as an alternative antimicrobial agent in medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and selection of indigenous chicken-derived <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strains as potential probiotic alternatives to antibiotics against Gram-negative enteropathogens.","authors":"Hai Vu Phan, Hung Hoang Son Pham, Lai Huu Ngo, Na Thi Tran, Dung Thi Ho, Khuong Dinh Thuy Nguyen, Liem Ngoc Tran, Hoa Xuan Nguyen","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l871","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The increasing antibiotic resistance in poultry pathogens presents a significant public health risk, leading to the exploration of effective alternatives in broiler feed, particularly probiotics such as <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. This study aimed to isolate <i>B. subtilis</i> strains from indigenous chicken feces that can inhibit <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> strains, common causes of diarrhea in poultry.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>Bacillus</i> strains were isolated from chicken feces and screened for antibacterial activity using an agar well diffusion assay. <i>Bacillus</i> strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Their probiotic potential was assessed through <i>in vitro</i> assays measuring extracellular enzyme production, adhesion properties, and resilience to acidic and bile salt conditions. Freeze-drying techniques were applied to evaluate strain viability and stability. <i>In vivo</i> studies determined the colonization ability of selected strains in the chicken intestine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 121 <i>B.</i> <i>subtilis</i> isolates, six <i>B. subtilis</i> strains demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against both <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. typhimurium</i>. Five strains were confirmed as <i>B. subtilis</i> through sequencing. Based on their probiotic attributes, <i>B. subtilis</i> H1 and <i>B. subtilis</i> BSn5 were identified as the most promising candidates. Notably, <i>B. subtilis</i> BSn5 exhibited stable viability when freeze-dried, surviving for up to two months, and successfully colonized the chicken intestinal tract <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that <i>B. subtilis</i> BSn5 may serve as a viable probiotic alternative to antibiotics in poultry, with regular supplementation necessary to sustain its benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ability of chitosan-stearin as an edible coating on the quality of broiler chicken meat during cold storage.","authors":"Yunilas Yunilas, Uswatun Hasanah, Trioso Purnawarman, Muheri Indra Aja Nasution","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l876","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate how well fresh broiler meat may be preserved in cold storage using chitosan-stearin as an edible coating.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A completely randomized design with a 3 x 5 factorial arrangement and three replications was employed. Factor I represented the formula dosage (FD) (FD0 = 0% chitosan + 0% stearin; FD1 = 1.5% chitosan + 1% stearin; FD2 = 3% chitosan + 1% stearin), while Factor II represented storage time (ST) (ST0 = 0 days; ST1 = 3 days; ST2 = 6 days; ST3 = 9 days; ST4 = 12 days).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the water content, cooking loss, protein content, and fat content of broiler meat were significantly affected (<i>p</i> < 0.01) by the FD and ST. Nonetheless, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the meat's ability to hold water. The broiler meat's pH was significantly affected (<i>p</i> < 0.01) by the FD, but it was not significantly affected (<i>p</i> > 0.05) by the ST. Furthermore, no treatment underwent testing, which revealed the presence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> sp.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chitosan-stearin edible coatings with different formula doses FD and ST consistently preserve the quality of fresh broiler meat during cold storage, with average values of water content ranging from 48.97% to 53.73%, water-holding capacity from 17.52% to 34.30%, cooking loss from 10.03% to 33.19%, pH levels from 4.93 to 5.53, protein content from 14.54% to 17.46%, fat content from 20.55% to 24.21%, and no detectable presence of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> sp.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage biomass and nutrient quality in brown midrib (BMR) compared to conventional <i>sorghum</i>: A meta-analysis approach.","authors":"Slamet Widodo, Wijaya Murti Indriatama, Yenny Nur Anggraeny, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin, Anuraga Jayanegara, Teguh Wahyono","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l883","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the differences between conventional and brown midrib (BMR) <i>sorghum</i> in terms of biomass, nutrient quality, nutrient digestibility, and animal performance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive database was created by integrating 73 datasets from 29 articles. The different studies were denoted as random effects, while the BMR <i>sorghum</i> variety was described as a fixed component. Afterward, these two aspects were calculated utilizing a linear mixed model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the findings of the present meta-analysis, conventional <i>sorghum</i> produces higher quantities of forage and grain biomass in comparison to BMR (<i>p</i> < 0.001). As expected, BMR <i>sorghum</i> has a lower content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, and lignin compared to conventional <i>sorghum</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The digestibility of BMR <i>sorghum</i> performed better than conventional <i>sorghum</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), especially for NDF digestibility (54.98% <i>vs.</i> 47.37%). BMR shows suitability as a fodder option for dairy cows due to its superior milk yield compared to conventional <i>sorghum</i> (15.04 <i>vs.</i> 14.06 kg/day; <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, BMR <i>sorghum</i> produces higher biomass compared to conventional <i>sorghum</i>. Nevertheless, in terms of nutrient quality and digestibility, BMR <i>sorghum</i> is the most optimal choice. The results will significantly improve animal performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization growth performance and intestinal characteristics of broiler through the use of zeolite and bioherbal-based mycotoxin binders as feed additives.","authors":"Ibrahim Ibrahim, Muhammad Halim Natsir, Osfar Sjofjan, Irfan Hadji Djunaidi, Agus Susilo, Muhaimin Rifa'i, Hafsah Hafsah","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l882","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research was designed to explore the potential of mycotoxin binders derived from zeolite and bioherbal formulations as natural feed additives to enhance growth performance and intestinal characteristics in broilers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study utilized 320 Lohmann MB 202 broilers, sourced from PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, commencing from day 1 and extending over a period of 35 days. The methodological framework employed a completely eandomized design, incorporating two factors. The primary factor analyzed was the type of feed additive, designated as Zeolite (A1) and Bioherbal (A2). The secondary factor considered was the level of mycotoxin binder inclusion in the feed, set at four increments: 0% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.4% (T3), and 0.6% (T4), resulting in a total of eight treatment combinations, each replicated four times. The observational metrics focused on production performance and specific intestinal characteristics of the broilers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that while the interaction between feed type and the level of additive use did not significantly influence feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, or villi length (<i>p</i> > 0.05), there was a notable impact on the villi surface area (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a pronounced effect on villi count and crypt depth (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that mycotoxin binders containing zeolite effectively reduce mycotoxin levels in feed, whereas bioherbal additives significantly improve intestinal health. Thus, a 0.6% inclusion level of these additives is recommended as a viable alternative to antibiotics in broiler chicken diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variation in mineral content, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of <i>Aerodramus fuciphagus</i> nests from different districts in Kelantan, Malaysia.","authors":"Mohd Dasuki Sul'ain, Musa Isah, Wan-Nor-Amilah Wan Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l880","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess <i>Aerodramus fuciphagus</i> (Thunberg, 1812) nest's mineral content, cytotoxicity effects, and antioxidant activity. The Edible birds' nests (EBNs) were obtained from Tanah Merah (TM), Tumpat (TU), and Jeli (JE) districts in Kelantan, Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The mineral content was assessed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity effect was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and brine shrimp lethality assays. The antioxidant activity was investigated by 2,2´-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Valuable macro- and microelements, including sodium, potassium, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and selenium, were detected in the EBN samples. The cytotoxicity test revealed that JE hydrochloric acid (HCl) extract had promising efficacy against HeLa cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 20.00 ± 0.57 µg/ml. Similarly, TU sodium hydroxide (NaOH) extract inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cell lines (IC₅₀ 0.03 ± 0.01 µg/ml). Based on the BSL assay, the EBNs were considered safe for consumption as the LC₅₀ values of all the samples were below the toxic level (>1,000 µg/ml). TM EBNs aqueous, TU aqueous, and HCl extracts showed promising antioxidant activity at IC₅₀ values (10 µg/ml) in the DPPH assay. However, the NaOH extract from TU exhibited the highest FRAP value (1.38 ± 0.00 mM gallic acid equivalents gm⁻¹) compared to all other extracts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study's findings demonstrated the potential of EBN as an alternative anticancer agent and natural antioxidant.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic features and pathogenic potential of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> isolated from bovine clinical mastitis.","authors":"Jayedul Hassan, Abdus Sattar Bag, Susmita Karmakar, Kishor Sosmith Utsho, Wohab Ali, Ajran Kabir, Tanvir Rahman","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l874","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this study is to describe the genome of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> that was found in clinical mastitis in cattle in Bangladesh. This work will show how strong the bacteria are and how important they are for public health.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by comprehensive analysis with various bioinformatic tools to identify key genomic features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WGS revealed that the isolates are closely related, belonging to sequence type ST4, a rare type previously identified in both human and animal hosts. The isolates possess 44 virulence-related genes linked to adherence, capsule biogenesis, enzyme production, immunoreactive antigens, protease, and cytolysin production. They also carry two pilus islands (PIs), PI-1 and PI-2b, which are often associated with invasive diseases. PI-2b proteins are key targets for vaccine development against Group B Streptococcus (GBS). The isolates belong to serotype Ia and carry the gbs2018-2 variant, indicating their adaptability to a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. These virulence factors are critical for understanding <i>S. agalactiae'</i>s pathogenicity and developing vaccines against its infections. Additionally, the isolates harbor antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to glycopeptides (<i>vanT</i>, <i>vanY</i>), macrolides (<i>mreA</i>), peptides (<i>mprF</i>), penicillins and <i>β</i>-lactams (<i>pbp</i>), and aminoglycosides. Source tracking via the BacWGSTdb website identified these isolates as closely related to human pathogens, indicating their zoonotic potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that <i>S. agalactiae</i> could be a zoonotic pathogen. This highlights the need for ongoing genomic surveillance to fully understand how it causes disease and come up with effective ways to control it.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}