Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Isolation, screening, and molecular identification of endopytic fungus producing cellulose and cyanide degrading enzyme its application for waste cassava.","authors":"Yetti Marlida, Husmaini Husmaini, Ahadiyah Yuniza, Lili Anggraini, Wulansih Dwi Astuti, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli, Hera Dwi Triani, Gusri Yanti","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l884","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aims to isolate, screen, and identify some candidates for endophytic fungus-producing cellulase and cyanidase.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fungi were isolated from cassava leaves that had undergone surface sterilization. The fungal isolates were qualitatively tested for their ability to produce cellulase and cyanidase enzymes by adding carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and KCN to the media. Enzyme production was indicated by the formation of clear zones around the growing colonies. Isolates that tested positive for cellulase and cyanidase production underwent further quantitative screening to measure enzyme activity using a spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 540 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The isolates showing the highest cellulase and cyanidase activity were identified through 18S rRNA analysis using the Sanger DNA sequencing method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research obtained six pure isolates of endophytic fungus, namely Y1; Y2; Y3; Y4; Y5; and Y6. Four isolates had the ability to degrade CMC with a clear zone between 0.1 until 0.5 mm, and three isolates had the ability for KCN degrade. The highest activity for cellulase and cyanidase degrading enzymes was produced by isolate Y2. After molecular identification using 18S rRNA, isolate Y2 had 98.82% similarity to <i>Phomopsis</i> sp. 32PG/F.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Six isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, Y1; Y2; Y3; Y4; Y5; and Y6. Four isolate the ability of to degrade CMC and three isolate the ability for KCN degrade. Isolate Y2 is the isolate with the best activity for cellulase and cyanidase degrading enzymes, namely 2.99 U/ml and 2.19 U/ml. After molecular identification using 18S rRNA, isolate Y2 had 98.82% similarity to <i>Phomopsis</i> sp. 32PG/F.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging time influences fatty acid profiles and volatile compounds in cooked Thai native beef.","authors":"Watcharawit Meenongyai, Kunwadee Kaewka, Kannika Wongpanit, Piyamas Phongkaew, Pichad Khejornsart, Panuwat Khumpeerawat, Alexander Michael Stelzleni","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l885","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the impact of aging time on the quality of meat, fatty acid profiles, and volatile compounds in cooked Thai native beef.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design, where the aging time (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) served as the treatment and the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from Thai native cattle (<i>n</i> = 4) was considered a block.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meat color and Warner-Bratzler shear force values decreased as the aging time increased. Furthermore, the moisture content decreased while the protein and ash content increased with a longer aging time. The proportions of fatty acids showed significant differences with varying aging times. These fatty acids exhibited the highest proportions in the 14-day dry-aged beef samples. The levels of short-chain aldehydes (pentanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, and 2-nonenal) and alcohols (1-hexanol and 1-octanol) decreased as the aging time increased. However, there was an increase in long-chain aldehydes (tetradecanal, hexadecanal, heptadecanal, and octadecanal) with longer aging time. In addition, the levels of toluene, dodecane, tridecane, methyl-pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, trimethyl-pyrazine, and dimethyl trisulfide were higher in 14-day dry-aged beef compared to beef that had not been aged. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the number of the 6 significant fatty acids in the dry-aged beef samples and the 12 volatile compounds in cooked beef.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that aging times significantly influence the fatty acid profiles of Thai native beef, which in turn are correlated with the characteristic volatile compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"179-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic pollution in the marine environment: Sources, impacts, and degradation.","authors":"Osamah A Ahmad, Mamdoh T Jamal, Hamdah S Almalki, Abeer H Alzahrani, Amirah S Alatawi, Md Fazlul Haque","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l893","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are tiny particles derived from plastic, and their high fragmentation poses a significant threat to the marine environment. MPs can originate from various sources, such as primary or secondary sources as well as internal or external sources. However, in marine environments, MPs mainly enter from external sources, such as plastic waste, debris from land-based activities, tourism, shipping, and atmospheric deposition. MP accumulation in marine ecosystems is also influenced by the use of plastic equipment, aquaculture feed, health products, and particular environmental conditions. Understanding the ecotoxicological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs on the health of marine organisms is crucial. The effects of MPs on the health of marine organisms are well reported by different studies, highlighting their interactions with a wide range of marine life, including plankton, invertebrates, crustaceans, corals, seagrass, fish, and even humans. Thus, MPs have been reported as a notorious pollutant because of their deleterious impacts on the morphology, physiology, immunology, behavior, reproduction, and heredity of marine organisms. Moreover, most MPs are slowly degradable, and degradation is dependent on various biotic and abiotic factors, resulting in continuous accumulation in the marine environment. This review provides an in-depth explanation of the sources of MPs, along with their impacts on marine organisms, ecosystems, aquaculture, and human health. In addition, it will discuss the degradation of MPs in the marine environment to explore the potential strategies for reducing the harmful impacts of MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"260-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric traits and identification of GH and IGF-1 gene polymorphisms in Napu buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.","authors":"Amirudin Dg Malewa, Rusdin Rusdin, Mardiah Mangun, Isyana Khaerunnisa, Dwi Lestari, Yulius Duma","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l887","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study are to measure the body weight (BW) and morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes, identify the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene polymorphisms, and associate them with the BW and morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study used 39 Napu buffaloes (9 males and 30 females). Morphometric measurements were performed using a measuring tape. The GH and IGF-1 gene diversity analysis was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that there is diversity in BW and body size of Napu buffaloes due to the influence of age and sex. The results of PCR-RFLP analysis of the GH|<i>AluI</i> gene showed 0% VV, 100% LL, and 0% VL genotypes. While the IGF-1|<i>SnaBI</i> gene shows the genotype AA 0%, BB 100%, and AB 0%. The sequencing results of the GH and IGF-1 genes in Napu buffaloes did not find mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age and sex in Napu buffaloes may affect BW and body size. The GH and IGF-1 genes in Napu buffaloes are monomorphic, so no association can be made with the morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acids profile in Awassi sheep milk affected by some genes' single and combined effects.","authors":"Khaleel I Jawasreh, Dana Khrais, Muhammad Alu'datt, Nizar J Haddad, Sami Awabdeh, Mohammad Isam AlMadani, Mohamad Brake, Mohamad Ahmad Al-Araishi, Monther Sadder, Ahmad Al-Amareen","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l891","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study intended to figure out the effects of fixed effects and genes such as beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG), prolactin (PRL), annexin A9 (ANXA9), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) on the structure of fatty milk acids in Awassi ewes, as well as any potential genotype-genotype interactions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fatty acid (FA) profile and other milk components were examined from 116 Awassi ewes in total. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to extract and genotype their DNA, and either sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis came next.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Saturated, medium-chain, and long-chain FA proportions were not significantly impacted by the genotypes of β-LG, PRL, ANXA9, and ACAA2. Conversely, ewes with the β-LG AA genotype displayed higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), while the β-LG AB genotype was linked to the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). It has been demonstrated that PUFA levels are impacted by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ANXA9, while VLCFA and PUFA levels are changed by SNPs of ACAA2. The PRL AA genotype showed the greatest influence on VLCFA. Furthermore, milk exhibited the highest levels of MUFA and PUFA due to the interaction between β-LG and PRL. The interaction PRL-ANXA9 exhibited the greatest levels of VLCFA. Additionally, Dam lambing weight affected the levels of MUFA, MCFA, and long-chain fatty acids.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To increase the levels of MUFA and PUFA constituents, the selection program should effectively harness and integrate the synergistic benefits of β-LG, PRL, ANXA9, and ACAA2 as well as their interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"238-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of CSN1S1 gene polymorphism on milk components of the Indonesian local PE cross-dairy goats.","authors":"Ega Anggraini Ega, Cece Sumantri Cece, Afton Atabany Afton, Anneke Anggraeni Anneke, Tri Puji Priyatno","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l889","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify Casein Alpha S1 (CSN1S1) gene polymorphism as a biomarker selection for improving the milk quality of Indonesian local PE cross-dairy goats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study utilized 65 does to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the target base fragment g.10094 gm.10200 of the CSN1S1 gene. Milk components (MCs) were analyzed using lactoscan and SNPs were identified using Sanger sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies of the SNPs were determined by MEGA10 and PopGen32 programs. A general linear model was applied to examine the association between each SNP and the content (%) or daily yield (gm/day) of each of the MCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight SNPs were identified, with seven exhibiting dominant homozygous genotype references with genotype frequencies ranging from 0.77 to 0.95. SNP g.10098_C > G significantly affected (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the daily yield (gm/day) of MCs, but not for TS. The CC does, compared to the GC ones, produce higher yields (gm/day) of protein, fat, lactose, and SNF by 36.2%-39.8%. SNP g.10181_T > A had a significant effect (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on the content (%) of all MCs. The AT does, over the AA and TT ones, yield higher MCs by 3.63%-13.07% and 1.85%-10.68%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusio: </strong>The findings suggest that SNP g.10098_C > G and g.10181_T > A of the CSN1S1 gene may serve as potential biomarkers for selective breeding to enhance milk quality in the local PE cross-dairy goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of static magnetic field exposure on <i>Stim1</i> and <i>Itpr3</i> expression in hepatic cells of obese mice.","authors":"Puji Sari, Rahma Nur Istiqomah, Luluk Yunaini","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l890","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the effects of 2 mT static magnetic field (SMF) exposure for 1 h on the expression of <i>Stim1</i> and <i>Itpr3</i> genes in hepatic cells of obese mice. By examining these critical regulators of calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling and cellular metabolism, the research aims to elucidate the role of SMF in modulating molecular pathways essential for Ca²⁺ homeostasis and metabolic regulation in the context of obesity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Liver samples were obtained from C57BL/6J mice and preserved in RNALater. The samples were divided into two main groups: the control group, which received a standard diet, and the obese group, which was exposed to a high-fat diet. Furthermore, the obese group was stratified based on the duration of SMF exposure, including intervals of 0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days (1 h per day with an intensity of Bmax = 2 mT). Statistical tests were conducted with a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research findings highlighted a noteworthy increase in the relative expression of <i>Stim1</i> and <i>Itpr3</i> among obese mice exposed to SMF for 7 days (obe7) and those exposed for 14 days (obe14) in comparison to the obese group without SMF exposure. Both the obe7 and obe14 groups exhibited no significant difference in relative <i>Stim1</i> expression when compared to the non-obese group. However, in terms of <i>Itpr3</i> expression, the obe14 group did not show a significant difference from the non-obese mouse group. The results of the correlation analysis unveiled a substantial and robust correlation between the relative expression of Stim1 and Itpm3 (<i>r</i> = 0.627, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest a potential link between SMF exposure, the expression of Ca²⁺ regulatory genes, and the intricate pathways involved in obesity-related molecular responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic ice cream using buffalo milk dadih: Microbial, chemical, and sensory characteristics.","authors":"Nurzainah Ginting, Yunilas Yunilas, Raden Edhy Mirwandhono, Yuan-Yu Lin","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l888","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to find a quality probiotic ice cream formula by adding dadih, which is a result of the fermentation of buffalo milk in a bamboo tube.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study began with making dadih using 2 types of bamboo (Gigantochloa <i>verticillata</i> and <i>Gigantochloa auriculata Kurz</i>) to obtain dadih with the highest total probiotic colonies. Dadih with the highest colonies was used to continue the study. Furthermore, dadih was isolated to obtain the dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was identified molecularly using the 16S rRNA gene with the Polymerase polymerase chain reaction technique. The application of dadih into probiotic ice cream was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors. The first factor was the level of dadih, namely ICD 0 (ice cream without dadih), ICD 1 (5%), ICD 2 (10%), and ICD 3 (15%). The second factor was the length of ice cream storage (week), namely T0 (0), T1 (1), T2 (2) and T3 (3). Examination of pH, protein, fat content, and total bacterial colonies in ice cream was conducted. The research continued with sensory testing with 30 panelists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest total probiotic colonies were 1 × 10⁷ obtained in dadih fermented by <i>Gigantochloa auriculata Kurz</i> bamboo dominated by <i>Weisselia paramesenteroides</i> strain JCM 9890. pH of dadih was 4.52. Antimicrobial zones of dadih against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella,</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were 6.6, 8.1, and 7.7, respectively. The chemical quality test of ice cream showed that the pH was in the range of 6.21-5.61. Protein content ranged from 4.62 to 6.12, while fat content ranged from 6.03 to 8.12. Total ice cream colonies were in the range of 1 × 10⁴ to 2.9 × 10⁶. There was no interaction between the percentage of dadih and the length of ice cream storage time on the parameters of pH, protein, fat content, total LAB colonies, and sensory test result. The higher the dadih concentration, the more acidic the ice cream, and the higher the protein, fat content, and total LAB colonies. The sensory test showed that 15% of dadih was the most preferred by panelists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The conclusion of this study is that ice cream with a 15% dadih addition is the most preferred and proven probiotic ice cream.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"214-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics of helminth infections: Immune system response, insights into host-parasite interaction, and drug resistance.","authors":"Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l879","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helminthiases, which are caused by parasitic helminths, have a big effect on global health, especially in places with few resources. They cause a lot of illness and put a lot of strain on society and the economy. Understanding the prevalence, transmission, and impact of helminthiases is crucial for effective control and prevention. Molecular population genetics has been pivotal in understanding helminth dynamics, including species identification, hybridization, and drug resistance. However, deeper insights require broader genetic datasets. Several genomes have been sequenced using genomic technologies, which has changed the way helminth researchers do their work and made it easier to compare genomes and find conserved genetic elements. Genetic factors of the host also affect susceptibility. Genome-wide association studies have found candidate genes that are connected to susceptibility or resistance. Helminth infections trigger Type 2 immune responses involving various immune cells, cytokines, and mediators. Recent discoveries show how non-immune cells like stromal, epithelial, and neural cells control these responses. Genetic differences between the host and the parasite affect how they interact. Helminths use immunomodulatory molecules to hide from immune surveillance. The concept of host disease tolerance, maintaining health despite infection, is gaining attention. The emergence of drug resistance poses a challenge, emphasizing the need to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying anthelmintic resistance. Genomic approaches offer promising avenues for interventions, including vaccine development and RNA interference. Challenges in helminth genetics research include genetic heterogeneity, limited sample sizes, and technical constraints. Using both functional genomics and multi-omics methods together can help us fully understand helminth genetics and plan effective treatments. Genomic studies have helped us learn more and find possible targets for interventions. To turn these findings into useful control measures, we need to do more research and work together.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan processing waste nutrients compounds as a potential natural poultry premix.","authors":"Rosa Tri Hertamawati, Shokhirul Imam, Reikha Rahmasari, Ujang Suryadi","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l878","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to use the potential chitosan processing waste from shrimp heads as a premix to improve the production performance of laying chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This research uses shrimp head waste, NaOH, hydrochloric acid, Na₂SeO_3, and NaCl solutions. Processing shrimp head waste into chitosan is done in three ways, namely demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. Each of the resulting liquid wastes is then mixed until a neutral mixture is obtained. The data observed were the nutrient and amino acid content of liquid waste from the deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation processes, as well as the neutral mixture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed liquid waste from the process of making chitosan from shrimp head waste using deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation methods, as well as a neutral mixture containing little energy, protein, and fat but is rich in minerals. The most abundant and complete amino acid content is found in deproteination process wastewater and neutral mixtures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the waste from making chitosan from shrimp head waste through deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation, and the neutral mixture contains enough minerals and amino acids needed by livestock, so it has the potential to be used as a premix.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}