Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Socio-epidemiological study of bovine brucellosis: Seasonal cattle migration in Myanmar.","authors":"Su Su Hlaing, Hiroichi Kono","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l903","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Animal migration can spread different diseases from farm to farm without being noticed. Despite bovine brucellosis being endemic in Myanmar, seroprevalence and risk related to farmers' behaviors and cattle migration remain unclear. Thus, understanding brucellosis in seasonal cattle migration is essential to avoid negative economic and public health outcomes. As seasonal cattle movement is done to satisfy local environmental limits, Brucellosis is predisposed in cattle herds of the Central Dry Zone of the country.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, farmer characteristics and seasonal cattle movement practices were investigated for bovine brucellosis prevalence in three Central Myanmar regions from July to August 2022. Blood samples were taken for the Rose Bengal Plate Test to detect brucellosis prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seasonal migratory farmers had a lower education level, more family members, more cattle heads, and higher income from cattle raising. Influences on disease knowledge included frequent veterinary access (7.02%) and limited disease control training (17.39%). Young farmers with low educational level (<i>p</i> < 0.01), more family members (<i>p</i> < 0.01), less farming experience (<i>p</i> < 0.01), fewer cattle (<i>p</i> < 0.01), cow abortion cases (<i>p</i> < 0.01), farming practices from veterinary access (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and longer migratory distances to grazing pastures (<i>p</i> < 0.01) have higher possibilities to get prevalence of bovine brucellosis at farm level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that farmers' characteristics, migratory practices, migration distance, and abortion history influence Brucellosis prevalence at the farm level. Migratory farmers need farmer collaboration and veterinary training to learn effective farming practices. Access to veterinary services and farmer awareness campaigns about livestock migration risks are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"350-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peste des petits ruminants in Northern Sudan.","authors":"Intisar Kamil Saeed, Yahia Hassan Ali, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif, Husham Mohammed Ataalfadeel, Anwar A Alsharari, Ahmed Mohammed Abdel-Mageed, Medhat Ahmed Abu-Tahon, Hind Abdelmajeed Rikabi, Alaa Ahmed Mustafa","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l900","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work is to elucidate the prevalence of Peste des Petits (PPR) in Northern Sudan through antibody, antigen, and genome detection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Serum and tissue samples from lungs showing pneumonic lesions of goats and sheep were collected in slaughterhouses in both states in Northern Sudan. Sera were examined for antibodies to the PPR virus by Competitive ELISA; Immunocapture ELISA was used for testing PPRV antigen in lung tissues. Some of the ELISA-positive tissues were examined for the PPRV genome by reverse transcription PCR (RT/PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall seroprevalence was 35%, with 40.8% in sheep and 28.4% in goats out of 945 sera that were tested. In the River Nile State, the prevalence was 30.1% (34.4% in sheep, and 24.6% in goats). In Northern State, it was 41.8% (50.5% in sheep, 33% in goats). Using IcELISA, the overall PPRV antigen detected in these two states of Northern Sudan was 7.7%; in River Nile State, it was 5% in sheep. In Northern State, 15.4% of sheep and 20% of goat lung tissue samples tested positive. PPR genome could be detected by RT/PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results pointed to the increased prevalence of the disease in Northern Sudan, especially the Northern State.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12459075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis combined with dysplasia in cat.","authors":"Yujie Ma, Xiaolin Xu, Lu Yi, Temesgen Roro Duresa","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l899","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, and management of a rare case of bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis combined with dysplasia in a cat. Materials and Methods: A 4-month-old Bombay male cat, normally immunized and dewormed. Radiographic studies: Details of imaging techniques used to diagnose TMJ ankylosis and dysplasia: computed tomography (CT) scans were used to visualize the joint structures in greater detail using CT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 21 blood biochemical abnormalities found in the laboratory test, creatinine, albumin, albumin/globulin, and total cholesterol all showed a significant decrease. The levels of phosphorus and α-amylase were marginally elevated. A three-dimensional CT scan revealed a malformed fusion of the right TMJ zygomatic arch and bilateral mandibular coronal process. Both TMJ dysplasia and ankylosis were discovered by the biochemical and physical 3-dimensional CT scans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the importance of a thorough clinical examination and imaging studies to assess the extent of the ankylosis and any associated dysplastic changes. This case emphasizes the need for increased awareness of TMJ disorders in felines and encourages further research into effective treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"321-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first study of reference intervals for blood biochemistry of healthy pet Pacific parrotlets (<i>Forpus coelestis</i>) in Thailand.","authors":"Benchapol Lorsunyaluck, Orapat Kaewthumchai, Chaya Tinnakorn, Tanawan Phisitwanich, Sasipat Putsetkun, Natapol Pumipuntu","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l902","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to establish baseline biochemical reference values for apparently healthy Pacific parrotlets in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood samples were obtained from 30 healthy individuals, and analyses were conducted using the VETSCAN^® VS2 with Avian/Reptilian Profile Plus rotors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed the measured biochemical parameters with the reference intervals included aspartate aminotransferase (73-274 U/L), glucose (235-324 mg/dl), total protein (2-3.3 gm/dl), albumin (1.5-2.5 gm/dl), globulin (0.1-1.2 gm/dl), phosphorus (1.2-5 mg/dl), calcium (7.9-9.7 mg/dl), sodium (147-157 μmol/l), potassium (2.2-3.8 μmol/l), bile acids (0-34 μmol/l), creatine kinase (44-543 U/L), uric acid (1.4-9.7 mg/dl), plasma protein (3-5 gm/dl), and packed cell volume (49%-55%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study offers the first reference biochemistry values specific to Pacific parrotlets in Thailand, contributing to improved veterinary clinical practices, accurate diagnosis, and effective care for this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"344-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects of spirulina in rats.","authors":"Md Imran Hossain, Sabbya Sachi, Purba Islam, Popy Khatun, Kazi Rafiq, Md Zahorul Islam, Atsushi Miyamoto","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l897","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing potentials of spirulina utilizing a rat model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) was used to induce hepatotoxicity, while carrageenan was employed to induce hind paw inflammation. The wound healing capability was assessed by making a 6 mm round wound with a biopsy punch on the dorsal interscapular area of each rat. The animals were fed a diet mixed with spirulina at dosages of 250 and 500 mg.kg^-1bwt. Paw thickness measurements were taken at 1, 3, and 6 h after carrageenan injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄ leads to hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by significantly elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Treatment with spirulina markedly reduced these biochemical markers. CCl₄-induced hepatic cellular necrosis, central vein congestion, and steatosis were notably improved following spirulina administration. Additionally, spirulina treatment diminished paw edema and shortened wound closure time in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological analysis of the inflamed paw revealed massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and thickening of the epidermis, both of which showed significant improvement with spirulina treatment. The anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects of spirulina were comparable to those of indomethacin, an established anti-inflammatory drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that <i>Spirulina platensis</i> possesses beneficial properties in counteracting hepatotoxicity and inflammation. Additionally, it exhibited significant wound-healing effects in rat models. These results reinforce the potential health advantages of spirulina as an effective functional food.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"303-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> isolated from pleural effusion in cat and antimicrobial susceptibility profile: A rare case report.","authors":"Neeranoot Detcharoenyos, Somyod Kankuntod, Suksan Chumsing, Monticha Suwunwong, Piyaporn Eiamcharoen, Amornthep Archawakulathep","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l896","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to present <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> isolated from a pleural effusion in an indoor-outdoor cat.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 3-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was brought to the hospital with dyspnea. The thoracic radiographs and ultrasound showed the presence of a pleural effusion. The thoracic fluid was sent for cytological analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and bacterial culture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cytological findings illustrated the protein-rich modified transudate. Albumin: globulin ratio was 0.4. RT-PCR testing for FIP was negative. The bacterial culture presented a pure growth of violet-pigmented colonies on both sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar. The isolation was identified and further confirmed as <i>C</i>. <i>violaceum</i>. The isolation was susceptible to drugs in aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamide groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>, a saprophytic Gram-negative bacterium, commonly inhabits stagnant water and soil in tropical and subtropical areas. It is considered an opportunistic bacterium in both veterinary and human medicine. Although <i>C</i>. <i>violaceum</i> infection is rare, the disease is extremely fatal. In Thailand, a few cases of humans infected with <i>C</i>. <i>violaceum</i> were reported; however, the bacterial infection has never been discovered in animals. This case report highlighted a rare opportunistic infection of <i>C</i>. <i>violaceum</i>in a cat in Thailand and suggested drugs of choice for clinical treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular identification of the cat flea <i>Ctenocephalides felis</i> from Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Shamsudduha, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Jannatun Naher, Azizul Islam Barkat, Sumaiya Akter, Mohammad Shamimul Alam","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l894","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was designed to conduct molecular and morphological identification of cat fleas (<i>Ctenocephalides felis</i>) from Bangladesh along with nucleotide polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Samples were collected from two hosts (cat and human). The species was identified through morphological studies first, and then DNA was extracted for subsequent molecular analysis. A part of the mitochondrial <i>16S rRNA</i> gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using extracted DNA as a template. The amplified region was sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy method. The sequence was subjected to NCBI BLASTn search. BioEdit and MEGA 11 software were used for multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and generating a phylogenetic tree.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphological features such as shape, size, and appendages showed similarity with <i>C. felis.</i> The metatibial formula of chaetotaxy (2-2-2-2-1-3) was confirmed for species-level identification. NCBI BLASTn search showed the highest sequence identity with the available sequence of <i>C</i>. <i>felis</i> such as 99.78% (NC_049858.1) and 99.12% (MW420044.1 and MK941844.1) with 100% query coverage. MSA of <i>C</i>. <i>felis</i> sequences from different geographical distributions show their sequence affinities with each other, and the phylogenetic tree presents their relationship with each other.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both morphological and molecular studies clearly indicate the identity and confirmation of cat flea (<i>C</i>. <i>felis)</i> from Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"280-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometry, hematology, and plasma chemistry of common coot (<i>Fulica atra</i>) in Punjab, Pakistan.","authors":"Shozab Seemab Khan, Tariq Javed, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Zahid Farooq, Muhammad Wajid","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l898","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The common coot (<i>Fulica atra</i>) is a medium-sized migratory bird wintering at different wetlands in Pakistan. It belongs to the order Gruiformes and family Rallidae. This study aimed to investigate the morphometry, hematology, and blood chemistry of common coots during the winter visit of 2022-2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty two adult common coots were captured with the help of hunters holding valid licenses from six wetlands in Punjab, Pakistan. Each individual was sexed and subjected to different morphological measurements. Eighteen blood samples (3-5 ml) were collected from the basilic veins of adults for hematology and blood chemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that body weight ranged from 378 to 680 gm, with males significantly heavier than females. Length was not significantly different. Males showed dominance in most of the morphometric characteristics compared to females. Regarding hematological parameters and plasma chemistry, there was a sufficient difference between the genders in most of the studied parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The male coot was significantly larger compared to the female, except for total length. Hematology and plasma chemistry showed significant differences between genders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"312-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the glucose and trehalose addition on the extenders for goat sperm liquid storage.","authors":"Md Emtiaj Alam, Most Shorifa Yeasmin, Dipak Kumar Das, Md Shohidul Islam, Soshe Ahmed, Md Hamidul Islam, Md Akhtarul Islam, Md Mostofa Kamal, Aurangazeb Kabir, Alam Khan, Md Hakimul Haque, Md Abdul Masum, Moizur Rahman, Mst Ishrat Zerin Moni","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l895","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the effects of varying glucose and trehalose concentrations on tris-citric acid-egg yolk-fructose (TCEF) diluents for the short-term cold storage of goat semen.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The semen sample was collected, unwashed, and divided into the following groups: control (TCEF without glucose and trehalose), TCEF + glucose (75, 150 mm), and TCEF + trehalose (75, 150 mm). Each experimental sperm group (sperm concentration: 9 × ×10⁷/ml) was kept at 4°C in a refrigerator. The impact of varying glucose and trehalose levels on the quality of the spermatozoa was assessed at different time points: after dilution and at 5, 24, 48, and 72 h of refrigeration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After dilution, progressive motility (PM), total motility (TM), sperm viability (SV), functional integrity (FI), and acrosome integrity of G-75, G-150, T-75, and T-150 did not differ significantly from the control. The PM, TM, SV, FI, and acrosome integrity of sperm of T-150 were considerably lower than the control, G-75, G-150, and T-75 after 5 and 24 h of cool storage. The T-75 group showed superior PM, TM, and FI after 48 h of cool storage, with noticeably greater values than the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that trehalose is a more favorable sugar than glucose for 48 h cool storage of buck semen, providing greater advantages in PM, TM, and PMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phenolic and flavonoid content and biological activity of Curcuma (<i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i>) fractions with different solvent polarities.","authors":"Ucop Haroen, Syafwan Syafwan, Kiki Kurniawan, Agus Budiansyah, Nilawati Widjaja, Saitul Fakhri","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l886","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify the impact of variations in solvent polarity on the solubility of secondary metabolite compounds, which were correlated as antioxidant and antibacterial agents for <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 11725), <i>Salmonella sp.</i> (ATCC 22504), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 11526), and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (ATCC 11626).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 500 gm of Temulawak flour (<i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i>) was macerated gradually using the step gradient polarity (SGP) technique, where the solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) used had different levels of polarity. The extracting process of secondary metabolite components of Temulawak flour began with the use of non-polar solvents, semipolar solvents, and polar solvents, respectively. Each soaking process was completed for 5 × 24 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the Temulawak extract with different levels of solvent polarity, 76.048 gm were obtained for the methanol fraction, 106.242 gm for the ethyl acetate fraction, and 154.575 gm for the n-hexane fraction. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibitory value for antioxidant activity of 50% (IC50) 22.59 mg/l. The results of this research's <i>β</i>-carotene content were 0.0865 gm. Ethyl acetate fraction was known to have good activity from the antibacterial activity test. The inhibition zone of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> bacteria was 11.5 ± 0.71 with a minimum concentration of 3.13 mg/ml. The inhibition zone of <i>S. aureus</i> was 10.5 ± 0.17 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/ml, while the inhibition zone for <i>Salmonella</i> sp. was 8.125 ± 0.35 with a MIC of 37.50 mg/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All fractions have moderate antibacterial activity, yet the ability of the ethyl acetate fraction of Temulawak extract was higher than the methanol and n-hexane fractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}