Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Patterns of multidrug resistance in <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from commerciallayers during 4 months of rearing in Mymensingh, Bangladesh.","authors":"Anny Khatun, Md Hadiuzzaman, Ashik Ahmed Durber, Sourav Chakraborty, Most Nahida Khatun, Rupaida Akter Shila, Sakib Anzum Pranto, Ripon Sarker, Marzia Rahman, Mohammod Kamruj Jaman Bhuiyan, Md Alimul Islam, Dipongkor Saha, Kazi Rafiq, Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens from livestock and poultry pose a significant global concern, contributing to many foodborne and zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to detect <i>Salmonella</i> spp. from selected poultry farms during a defined study period, with a particular focus on antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred and five cloacal swabs were obtained aseptically from birds of seven randomly selected commercial layer farms of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. The isolation of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was performed through culturing on selective agar media and subsequently confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The disc diffusion method was performed to determine the sensitivity of confirmed <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates against 19 antibiotics. Finally, PCR was performed to detect the tetracycline (<i>tet</i>A) and beta-lactamase (<i>bla</i> _TEM) genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 105 samples, 34 were detected as positive for <i>Salmonella</i> spp. on <i>Salmonella</i>-Shigella media, of which 20 (19.05%) isolates were confirmed as <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (211 bp). Erythromycin, cefuroxime, doxycycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and <i>tet</i>A were ineffective against all 20 isolates. Several unique antibiotic resistance patterns were observed, with most isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Furthermore, 100% of the phenotypically resistant isolates contained the <i>tet</i>A and <i>bla</i> _TEM genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Commercial layers in Bangladesh were found to harbor MDR <i>Salmonella</i> spp., representing a potential risk to the poultry population and a public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1142-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteome of the testicular cell-conditioned medium supports germ cell differentiation <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Wahono Esthi Prasetyaningtyas, Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja, Srihadi Agungpriyono, I Ketut Mudite Adnyane, Kusdiantoro Mohamad, Mokhamad Fahrudin","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.1969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.1969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of testicular cell conditioned medium (TCCM) on <i>in vitro</i> male germ cell differentiation and provide a proteomic profile of TCCM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>TCCM was collected from 5-day-old mouse testicular tissues cultured in serum-free DMEM. Proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Germ cells were isolated from 13.5 days post-coitum (dpc) mouse fetal genital ridges and divided into three groups: (a) control (DMEM + 15% FCS), (b) 40% TCCM + 60% DMEM + 15% FCS, and (c) 60% TCCM + 40% DMEM + 15% FCS. Cells were cultured for 24 days. Gene expression of <i>Oct4</i>, <i>Acr</i>, <i>Dazl</i>, <i>Vasa</i>, <i>Stra8</i>, <i>Prm1</i>, and <i>Gdf9</i> was measured using real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proteomic analysis identified 26 proteins in TCCM. Notably, COL4A1, COL4A2, and HSPG2 are associated with the basement membrane and are essential for supporting extracellular matrix integrity, while FN1, FBN1, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2, and COL3A12 are linked to the PI3K-AKT pathway, which regulates cell proliferation. In TCCM-treated groups, germ cells differentiated into spermatid-like cells by day 18 and sperm-like structures by day 24. <i>Oct4</i>, <i>Dazl</i>, <i>Vasa</i>, <i>Stra8</i>, <i>Prm1</i>, and <i>Acr</i> were expressed across all groups, but without statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while <i>Gdf9</i> was not expressed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of TCCM, which contains extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, enhanced <i>in vitro</i> differentiation of male germ cells into sperm-like structures, together with somatic cells from the genital ridge. These ECM proteins contribute to creating a microenvironment that closely mimics <i>in vivo</i> conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1087-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel mutation sites in the <i>Bubaline MC1R</i> gene.","authors":"Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Hikmayani Iskandar, Tulus Maulana, Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin, Syahputra Wibowo, Erni Damayanti, Syahruddin Said","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) is an important livestock species raised for meat, milk, and draught purposes. In Indonesia, buffaloes with rare coat colors (e.g., white, striped) hold cultural significance, especially in Toraja funeral traditions. This study aimed to identify mutation sites in the exon 1 region (822 bp) of the <i>Melanocortin 1 Receptor</i> (<i>MC1R</i>) gene in buffaloes using forward sequencing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four Toraya buffaloes (1 white, 2 striped, and 1 black) and two black Murrah buffaloes were used as experimental animals. In addition, seven <i>MC1R</i> gene sequences from different buffalo breeds (Murrah × Dehong (light grey), Dehong (white and dark grey), Murrah (black), Jafarabadi (black), and Surti (brown)) were obtained from the NCBI database for comparative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of five nucleotide variation sites were identified in the experimental animals, including three novel mutations (c.26M, c.49Y, and c.50R) and two previously reported mutations (c.170R and c.244K). Among these, c.50R was identified as a synonymous mutation, while the remaining mutations were non-synonymous and predicted to affect the amino acid sequence of the MC1Rprotein. Notably, all three novel mutation sites were consistently present in all studied Toraya and Murrah buffaloes, suggesting shared genetic variants across phenotypically distinct populations. Structural prediction analysis indicated that these mutations could potentially alter the conformation and function of the MC1R protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identification of three novel mutations in the <i>MC1R</i> gene enhances our understanding of coat color variation and genetic diversity in Indonesian buffalo populations, particularly those of cultural and economic significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1345-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxico-pathological investigations of <i>in-ovo</i> inoculation of different fungal extracts and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> alone and in combination in chicken embryos.","authors":"Qasim Saleem Raza, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi, Aisha Khatoon, Rao Zahid Abbas","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study was carried out to investigate the toxico-pathological and teratogenic effects of <i>in-ovo</i> administration of fungal-derived extracts of Ochratoxin (OT) and Aflatoxin (AF) and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> isolated from poultry feeds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fertilized chicken eggs were divided into seven groups: control, sham control (normal saline), OT (600 ppb), AF (400 ppb), OT+AF (600 + 400 ppb), <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> (1 × 10⁸ CFU), and OT + AF + <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> (600 + 400 ppb + 1×10⁸ CFU). The extracts of each fungus and <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i>wereinjected through the Chorioallantoic membrane route into 9-day-old embryos (216 h). The study evaluated embryonic mortality, hatchability, body weight, relative organ weights, and gross lesions. Morphometric alterations, including crown-to-rump, shank, head, and limb lengths, were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Variable degrees of mortality and reduced hatchability were observed across treatment groups. Embryonic mortality was highest in combination groups F and G at 24 and 96 h, whereas the OT group showed the highest mortality at 48 and 72 h. Body weights and all morphometric parameters decreased significantly in the treated groups compared to the control groups. Teratogenic effects included curling, dwarfism, hemorrhages, stunted growth, feather loss, anophthalmia, malformed bills, twisted necks, abdominal hernias, and malformed fingers and limb buds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that inoculation of OT, AF, and <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i>, individually or in combination, exerts severe teratogenic and embryotoxic effects, resulting in high embryonic mortality and developmental malformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1370-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and association analysis of the growth hormone gene in local Indonesian chicken.","authors":"Nurul Pratiwi, Nurul Azizah, Anne Sukmara, Bayu Dewantoro Putro Soewandi, Latifah Latifah, Tuti Haryati, Bram Brahmantiyo, Jonathan Anugrah Lase, Dwi Rohmadi, Usman Usman, Paskah Partogi Agung, Maijon Purba, Mohamad Farid Ridhillah, Abdullah Baharun, Ferdy Saputra, Tike Sartika","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of theGrowth hormonegene, including its additive and dominant components, on laying performance (age at first laying, body weight at first laying, weight of the first egg, total eggs produced by 24 weeks, and total eggs produced by 48 weeks) and carcass attributes (live weight, carcass weight, breast weight, back weight, thigh weight, and wing weight).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 35 Kampung hens and 19 Sentul roosters were used in this study. Genotyping at the GH|MspI and GH|SacI loci was conducted using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Association analyses were conducted using analysis of variance, while additive and dominance effects were assessed through generalized linear models implemented in R version 4.3.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RFLP analysis revealed polymorphism at the GH|MspI locus but not at GH|SacI. No significant differences in any trait were observed among the GH|MspI genotypes. Similarly, no significant additive or dominance effects were detected. Moreover, nanopore sequencing identified two novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms, g.3242delG and g.3396_3401del, in both Kampung and Sentul chickens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant association was found between these polymorphisms and laying or carcass traits. Additionally, no significant additive or dominance effects were found, implying that these loci did not significantly influence the definition of these traits in Kampung and Sentul chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1151-1158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy and lambing rates following direct transfer of vitrified embryos in field ewes of Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Monirul Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Talukder, Nazmun Naher, Pankaj Kumar Jha, Mohammad Musharraf Uddin Bhuiyan, Farida Yeasmin Bari","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l968","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Embryo vitrification facilitates multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) application in the sheep industry through the storage and transfer of genetically superior embryos. This study assessed the survival rate of vitrified embryos following direct transfer under field conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-five donors and 46 recipient ewes were synchronized for estrus using two injections of Cloprostenol. Superovulation was induced with 25 mg porcine follicle-stimulating hormone per donor twice daily for 4 days. Recipients were treated with 250 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin during the second injection of cloprostenol to ensure ovulation. Estrus donors were mated with rams. Embryos were collected on day 6 post-mating using a modified inguinal laparotomy and graded. Grade 1 embryos were vitrified in a medium containing tissue culture medium 199, 10% ethylene glycol, 10% dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5M sucrose and stored in liquid nitrogen. Following thawing, embryos were directly transferred to recipients through an open-pulled straw following an inguinal laparotomy. Sixteen recipients were treated with 20 µg Gonadorelin immediately after embryo transfer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Onset and duration of estrus in donor and recipient ewes were 30.2 ± 0.8, 27.9 ± 0.6, and 33.7 ± 0.4, 27.50 ± 0.42 h, respectively. Corpora lutea number and recovered embryos/donor were 8.47 ± 0.68 and 6.93 ± 0.57, respectively. 85.7% of donors responded to superovulation treatment, and the embryo recovery rate was 82.5%. Grade 1 embryos per donor (5.5 ± 0.8) were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than all other grades. Pregnancy rates in recipients treated with Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (<i>GnRH</i>) and without <i>GnRH</i> treatment were 62.5% and 56.6%, respectively. The respective lambing rates were 80% and 76.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate the potential on-farm application of direct transfer of vitrified embryos in facilitating a MOET program for genetic improvement of sheep in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"1081-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Montanide-based inactivated vaccine against duck plague virus in Bangladesh.","authors":"Layla Yasmin, Md Juwel Hossain, Towhidul Islam, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, Marzia Rahman, Tazrin Kamal, K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir, Md Tanvir Rahman, Rony Ahmed, Mohammad H Rahman, Md Bahanur Rahman","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l967","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work aimed to develop Montanide-based inactivated duck plague (DP) vaccines from field isolates in Bangladesh and to evaluate the safety, potency, and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Suspected DP samples such as liver, spleen, trachea, and so on (<i>N</i> = 211) were collected from Netrokona, Mymensingh, and Kishoreganj districts. Duck plague virus (DPV) was identified through PCR and characterized by partial sequencing. Following pathogenicity tests in ducklings, the vaccine candidate virus was propagated in embryonated duck eggs and inactivated with 0.2% formalin to formulate 45% Montanide ISA 78 VG and ISA 71 VG-based vaccines. Formulated vaccines were administered following safety tests to G1 and G2, whereas G3 received 1X phosphate buffer saline. Blood samples were collected, and antibody titers were measured using an ELISA kit for up to 6 months. A challenge study was conducted to determine the potency of vaccines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence rate was 65.40% (138/211) of DPV-suspected samples, where Netrokona, Mymensingh, and Kishoreganj were 67.81% (59/87), 64.61% (42/65), and 62.71% (37/59), respectively. The pathogenicity test revealed significant morbidity and mortality in ducklings. Two formulated vaccines comply with the safety criteria in ducklings. In the challenge study, both vaccinated groups (G-1, G-2) achieved 88.89% protection against the virulent DP virus, whereas the control group exhibited 93.33% mortality. The antibody titer measured by ELISA peaked at 21 days and remained till 180 days post-vaccination, which showed a 0.1% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) level of significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After 6 months of vaccination, the Montanide ISA 78 VG-based vaccine showed slightly higher immunogenicity than ISA 71, though both were demonstrated to be safe against the DP virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"1070-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> polysaccharides on blood physiology, immune function, and organ architecture in growing stressed rabbits.","authors":"Fatima S Alaryani","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l966","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This experiment explored the plausible effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> polysaccharides (GLP) to reduce the deterioration effects of heat stress (HS) in growing rabbits by studying blood physiology, growth, immunity, inflammation, and organ structure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Growing male rabbits (<i>n</i> = 160) were divided into 4 groups and fed a basal diet containing 0 (GLP0), 100 (GLP100), 250 (GLP250), and 400 (GLP400) mg of GLP/kg diet under tropical environmental conditions for 8 weeks. Growth, blood indices, redox state, immune markers, and histology of the liver and kidney were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The addition of GLP (100-400 mg/kg diet) significantly improved the growth indices and reduced the value of the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the GLP0 group (<i>p <</i> 0.05). The liver enzymes, cytochrome C and <i>caspase-3,</i> were significantly decreased by GLP supplementation, while it significantly improved IgG and IgM compared to the control group (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Adding 250 or 400 mg of GLP significantly improved antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative stress markers compared to other groups (<i>p <</i> 0.001). Supplementing diets with GLP up to 400 mg/kg diet had lower pro-inflammatory cytokines and greater <i>IL-10</i> compared to stressed rabbits in the GLP0 group (<i>p <</i> 0.001). The renal and lung tissues were supported by the supplementation of GLP to the stressed rabbit diets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, adding GLP to the diet can be recommended as an effective intervention to alleviate the adverse influences of HS. It enhances growth indices, maintains organ histology, boosts immunity, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"1059-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin attenuates pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in chicks through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.","authors":"Suleiman Dawood Suleiman, Jian Salam Hasan, Karwan Idrees Jarjees, Aziza Raof Haji","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l963","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects of quercetin on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsive seizures in chicks.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty Ross broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six groups: a negative control, a positive control treated with PTZ at 80 mg/kg, a diazepam-treated group (5 mg/kg), and three quercetin-treated groups receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg orally for six consecutive days, respectively. Two hours after the final dose, PTZ was administered to groups 3-6 to induce seizures. The onset of convulsions and mortality rates were recorded over a period of 3 h. Brain tissue was collected to determine biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAO-C), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (<i>TNF-</i> <i>α</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The delay in the onset of convulsions and survival improvement were found in quercetin pretreatment, in a dose-dependent manner. The highly significant survival was found at 200 mg/kg (<i>p <</i> 0.001), and moderately at 50 and 100 mg/kg (<i>p <</i> 0.05). MDA (<i>p <</i> 0.05) and <i>TNF-</i> <i>α</i> (<i>p <</i> 0.01) levels were significantly decreased at all doses. TAO-C levels were significantly elevated, while IL-1β levels declined at 200 mg/kg (<i>p <</i> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quercetin pretreatment at 200 mg/kg showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential against PTZ-induced convulsive seizure as a preventive therapy for epilepsy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"1037-1044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modelling and sequence analysis provide new insights into the structure, function, and evolution of the <i>pirB</i> Gene in <i>Photorhabdus</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus</i>, and <i>Vibrio species</i>.","authors":"Arren Christian M de Guia, Mary Rose D Uy-de Guia, Simon G Alcantara, Claro N Mingala","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l965","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the structural and functional variations in the Photorhabdus insect-related B <i>(pirB)</i> genes of selected bacterial species such as <i>Photorhabdus luminescens</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus doucetiae</i>, and <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study implemented phylogenetic analysis, three-dimensional (3D) structural modelling, and functional motif analysis of the <i>pirB</i> gene of three bacterial genera. Inferred evolutionary relationships as well as functional and structural differences were drawn based on the generated topology of the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) Tree and genetic analysis of protein sequences, domain structures, and functional motifs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic analysis and NJ tree topology revealed close evolutionary affinity of <i>Photorhabdus</i> spp<i>.</i> and <i>Xenorhabdus</i> spp<i>.</i> This is possibly due to their known shared ecological niche as insect pathogens and nematode symbionts. In contrast, the known shrimp pathogen, <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> remarkably showed significant divergence and clustered out from the clade of <i>Photorhabdus</i> and <i>Xenorhabdus</i>. This can be attributed to the adaptive changes in a marine environment, since <i>V</i>. <i>parahaemolyticus</i> is a known marine bacterium. The constructed 3D protein structures of <i>pirB</i> exhibited conserved transmembrane helices essential for membrane interaction. Species-specific adaptation was also evident in the generated <i>pirB</i> 3D model of <i>V</i>. <i>parahaemolyticus</i>. A unique structural element that confers resistance to environmental stresses was also observed. Analysis of functional motifs depicted evolutionary conservation in membrane interaction domains. Species-specific variations that may reflect adaptations to different host environments and pathogenic strategies were also predominant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provided valuable insights into the structure, function, and evolution of the <i>pirB</i> gene of three examined bacterial genera. This can be linked to evolutionary and selective pressures that led to the current pathogenicity of the <i>pirB</i> gene, with potential applications in public health, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and fisheries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"1051-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}