Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems最新文献

{"title":"A Stable Implementation of a Data-Driven Scale-Aware Mesoscale Parameterization","authors":"Pavel Perezhogin,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;Alistair Adcroft,&nbsp;Carlos Fernandez-Granda,&nbsp;Laure Zanna","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ocean mesoscale eddies are often poorly represented in climate models, and therefore, their effects on the large scale circulation must be parameterized. Traditional parameterizations, which represent the bulk effect of the unresolved eddies, can be improved with new subgrid models learned directly from data. Zanna and Bolton (2020), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl088376 (ZB20) applied an equation-discovery algorithm to reveal an interpretable expression parameterizing the subgrid momentum fluxes by mesoscale eddies through the components of the velocity-gradient tensor. In this work, we implement the ZB20 parameterization into the primitive-equation GFDL MOM6 ocean model and test it in two idealized configurations with significantly different dynamical regimes and topography. The original parameterization was found to generate excessive numerical noise near the grid scale. We propose two filtering approaches to avoid the numerical issues and additionally enhance the strength of large-scale energy backscatter. The filtered ZB20 parameterizations led to improved climatological mean state and energy distributions, compared to the current state-of-the-art energy backscatter parameterizations. The filtered ZB20 parameterizations are scale-aware and, consequently, can be used with a single value of the non-dimensional scaling coefficient for a range of resolutions. The successful application of the filtered ZB20 parameterizations to parameterize mesoscale eddies in two idealized configurations offers a promising opportunity to reduce long-standing biases in global ocean simulations in future studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Geostationary Satellite Observations and Machine Learning Models to Estimate Ecosystem Carbon Uptake and Respiration at Half Hourly Time Steps at Eddy Covariance Sites","authors":"Sadegh Ranjbar,&nbsp;Daniele Losos,&nbsp;Sophie Hoffman,&nbsp;Matthias Cuntz,&nbsp;Paul C. Stoy","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004341","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polar-orbiting satellites have significantly improved our understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle, yet they are not designed to observe sub-daily dynamics that can provide unique insight into carbon cycle processes. Geostationary satellites offer remote sensing capabilities at temporal resolutions of 5-min, or even less. This study explores the use of geostationary satellite data acquired by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite—R Series (GOES-R) to estimate terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RECO) using machine learning. We collected and processed data from 126 AmeriFlux eddy covariance towers in the Contiguous United States synchronized with imagery from the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) from 2017 to 2022 to develop ML models and assess their performance. Tree-based ensemble regressions showed promising performance for predicting GPP (R² of 0.70 ± 0.11 and RMSE of 4.04 ± 1.65 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and RECO (R² of 0.77 ± 0.10 and RMSE of 0.90 ± 0.49 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) on a half-hourly time step using GOES-R surface products and top-of-atmosphere observations. Our findings align with global efforts to utilize geostationary satellites to improve carbon flux estimation and provide insight into how to estimate terrestrial carbon dioxide fluxes in near-real time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Interpreting the Role of Parameterized Turbulence on Global Metrics in the Community Earth System Model","authors":"Kyle M. Nardi,&nbsp;Colin M. Zarzycki,&nbsp;Vincent E. Larson","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004482","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The parameterization of subgrid-scale processes such as boundary layer (PBL) turbulence introduces uncertainty in Earth System Model (ESM) results. This uncertainty can contribute to or exacerbate existing biases in representing key physical processes. This study analyzes the influence of tunable parameters in an experimental version of the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBBX) scheme. CLUBB is the operational PBL parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6), the atmospheric component of the Community ESM version 2 (CESM2). We perform the Morris one-at-a-time (MOAT) parameter sensitivity analysis using short-term (3-day), initialized hindcasts of CAM6-CLUBBX with 24 unique initial conditions. Several input parameters modulating vertical momentum flux appear most influential for various regionally-averaged quantities, namely surface stress and shortwave cloud forcing (SWCF). These parameter sensitivities have a spatial dependence, with parameters governing momentum flux most influential in regions of high vertical wind shear (e.g., the mid-latitude storm tracks). We next evaluate several experimental 20-year simulations of CAM6-CLUBBX with targeted parameter perturbations. We find that parameter perturbations produce similar physical mechanisms in both short-term and long-term simulations, but these physical responses can be muted due to nonlinear feedbacks manifesting over time scales longer than 3 days, thus causing differences in how output metrics respond in the long-term simulations. Analysis of turbulent fluxes in CLUBBX indicates that the influential parameters affect vertical fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum, providing physical pathways for the sensitivities identified in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphase Reactions of Hydrocarbons Into an Air Quality Model With CAMx-UNIPAR: Impacts of Humidity and NOx on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in the Southern USA","authors":"Yujin Jo,&nbsp;Myoseon Jang,&nbsp;Azad Madhu,&nbsp;Jiwon Choi,&nbsp;Jinsoo Park","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004226","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in the Southern USA during winter-spring 2022 was simulated by integrating Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) with the UNIfied Partitioning-Aerosol phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model, which predicts SOA formation via multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons. UNIPAR streamlines multiphase partitioning of oxygenated products and their heterogeneous reactions by using explicitly predicted products originating from 10 aromatics, 3 biogenics, and linear/branched alkanes (C9-C24). UNIPAR simulations were compared with those using Secondary Organic Aerosol Partitioning (SOAP) model, which uses simple surrogate products for each precursor. Both UNIPAR and SOAP showed similar tendencies in SOA mass but slightly underpredicted against observations at given five ground sites. However, SOA compositions and their sensitivity to environmental variables (sunlight, humidity, NO_x, and SO₂) were different between two models. In CAMx-UNIPAR, SOA originated predominantly from alkanes, terpenes, and isoprene, and was influenced by humidity, showing high SOA concentrations with wet-inorganic salts, which accelerated aqueous reactions of reactive organic products. NO₂ was positively correlated with biogenic SOA because elevated levels of nitrate radicals and hygroscopic nitrate aerosol effectively oxidized biogenic hydrocarbons at night and promoted SOA growth via organic heterogeneous chemistry, respectively. Anthropogenic SOA, which formed mainly via daytime oxidation with OH radicals, was weakly and negatively correlated with NO₂ in cities. In CAMx-UNIPAR, the sensitivity of SOA to aerosol acidity (neutral vs. acidic aerosol at cation/anion = 0.62) was dominated by isoprene SOA. The reduction of NO_x emissions could effectively mitigate SOA burdens in the Southern USA where biogenic hydrocarbons are abundant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Temperature and Precipitation in Earth System Models With 3D Diffusion Models","authors":"Seth Bassetti,&nbsp;Brian Hutchinson,&nbsp;Claudia Tebaldi,&nbsp;Ben Kravitz","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are essential for understanding the interaction between human activities and the Earth's climate. However, the computational demands of ESMs often limit the number of simulations that can be run, hindering the robust analysis of risks associated with extreme weather events. While low-cost climate emulators have emerged as an alternative to emulate ESMs and enable rapid analysis of future climate, many of these emulators only provide output on at most a monthly frequency. This temporal resolution is insufficient for analyzing events that require daily characterization, such as heat waves or heavy precipitation. We propose using diffusion models, a class of generative deep learning models, to effectively downscale ESM output from a monthly to a daily frequency. Trained on a handful of ESM realizations, reflecting a wide range of radiative forcings, our DiffESM model takes monthly mean precipitation or temperature as input, and is capable of producing daily values with statistical characteristics close to ESM output. Combined with a low-cost emulator providing monthly means, this approach requires only a small fraction of the computational resources needed to run a large ensemble. We evaluate model behavior using a number of extreme metrics, showing that DiffESM closely matches the spatio-temporal behavior of the ESM output it emulates in terms of the frequency and spatial characteristics of phenomena such as heat waves, dry spells, or rainfall intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Global Simulation of Smoke Injection Height for Intense Pyro-Convection Through Coupling an Improved One-Dimensional Plume Rise Model in CAM-chem","authors":"Chaoqun Ma,&nbsp;Ruijing Ni,&nbsp;Hang Su,&nbsp;Yafang Cheng","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of wildfire smoke is largely determined by the height where they are injected into the atmosphere. Current plume rise models tend to underestimate the high smoke injection heights because the previous models and configurations were mainly constrained and validated by the plume height observation from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), of which most cases inject low within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Here we retrieve smoke injection heights from intense pyro-convections based on pyrocumulonimbus satellite images in PYROCAST data set alongside meteorological reanalysis. It largely augments the MISR data set with smoke injection heights up to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Constrained by both MISR and PYROCAST, we show that a scaling down of factor 0.2 to the entrainment efficiency parameterized in the one-dimensional plume-rise model (1-D PRM, Freitas et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-585-2010)) significantly improves the model performance for high injection cases without compromising the accuracy of low injection cases. We also found that the fire intensity input can be obtained through a simplified dependence on the biome and biomass burning emission flux. While being unable to represent high cases before, the improved 1-D PRM model predicts similarly well in injection heights both low near the PBL height and high into the UTLS. The improved 1-D PRM is then coupled into Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-chem). The coupled CAM-chem-PRM, when predicting injection heights in tests imitating real BB emission, exhibited consistent predictive capabilities with the standalone 1-D PRM while saw a mere 15% increase of computation time.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Influence of Organic Aerosol Volatility on Aerosol Microphysical Processes: Composition and Number","authors":"Chloe Yuchao Gao,&nbsp;Susanne E. Bauer,&nbsp;Kostas Tsigaridis,&nbsp;Ulas Im","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present MATRIX-VBS, a new aerosol scheme that simulates organic partitioning in an aerosol microphysics model, as part of the NASA GISS ModelE Earth System Model. MATRIX-VBS builds on its predecessor aerosol microphysics model MATRIX (Bauer et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6003-2008) and was developed in the box model framework (Gao et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-751-2017). The scheme features the inclusion of organic partitioning between the gas and particle phases and the photochemical aging process using the volatility-basis set (Donahue et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052297c). To assess the performance of the new model, we compared its mass concentration, number concentration, and activated number concentration to the original scheme MATRIX, and evaluated its mass concentrations in four seasons against data from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) aircraft campaign. Results from MATRIX-VBS show that organics are transported further away from their source, and their mass concentration increases aloft and decreases at the surface compared to those in MATRIX. The mass concentration of organics at the surface agrees well with measurements, and there are discrepancies for vertical profiles aloft. In the new scheme, the global mass load of organic aerosols increased by 50%, there is also an increased number of particles at the surface and fewer activated ones in most regions. The new scheme presents advanced and more comprehensive capability in simulating aerosol processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the Direct Simulation of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in a Global Storm-Resolving Model","authors":"Henning Franke,&nbsp;Marco A. Giorgetta","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the first attempt to simulate a full cycle of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in a global storm-resolving model (GSRM) that explicitly simulates deep convection and gravity waves instead of parameterizing them. Using the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model with horizontal and vertical resolutions of about <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>5</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $5,mathrm{k}mathrm{m}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>400</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $400,mathrm{m}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, respectively, we show that an untuned state-of-the-art GSRM is already on the verge of simulating a QBO-like oscillation of the zonal wind in the tropical stratosphere for the right reasons. ICON shows overall good fidelity in simulating the QBO momentum budget and the downward propagation of the QBO jets in the upper QBO domain (25–35 km). In the lowermost stratosphere, however, ICON does not simulate the downward propagation of the QBO jets to the tropopause. This is the result of a pronounced lack of QBO wave forcing, mainly on planetary scales. The lack of planetary-scale wave forcing in the lowermost stratosphere is caused by an underestimation of planetary-scale wave momentum fluxes entering the stratosphere. We attribute this lack of planetary-scale wave momentum fluxes to a substantial lack of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) in the tropical troposphere. Therefore, we conclude that in ICON, simulating a realistic spatio-temporal variability of tropical deep convection, in particular CCEWs, is currently the main roadblock toward simulating a reasonable QBO. To overcome this intermediate situation, we propose to aim at an improved explicit simulation of tropical deep convection by retuning the remaining parameterizations of cloud microphysics and vertical diffusion, and by increasing the horizontal resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and Pitfalls of GRACE and Streamflow Assimilation for Improving the Streamflow Simulations of the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model","authors":"K. Schulze,&nbsp;J. Kusche,&nbsp;H. Gerdener,&nbsp;P. Döll,&nbsp;H. Müller Schmied","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Distribution and change of freshwater resources is often simulated with global hydrological models. However, owing to process representation limitations and forcing data uncertainties, these model simulations have shortcomings. Combining them with observations via data assimilation, for example, with data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission or streamflow measured at in situ stations is considered to improve the realism of the simulations. We assimilate gridded total water storage anomaly (TWSA) from GRACE into the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) over the Mississippi River basin via an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Our results agree with previous studies where assimilating GRACE observations nudges TWSA simulations closer to the observations, reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) by 21% compared to an uncalibrated model. However, simulations of streamflow show degeneration at more than 90% of all gauge stations for metrics such as RMSE and correlations; only the annual phase of simulated streamflow improves at half the stations. Therefore, for the first time, we instead assimilated streamflow observations into the WGHM, which improved simulated streamflow at up to nearly 80% of the stations, with normalized RMSE showing improvements of up to 0.1, while TWSA was well-simulated in all metrics. Combining both approaches, that is, jointly assimilating GRACE-derived TWSA and streamflow observations, leads to a trade-off between a good fit of both variables albeit skewed to the GRACE observations. Overall, we speculate that our findings point to limitations of process representation in WGHM hindering consistent flux simulation from the storage history, especially in dry regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Fully-Tunable and Versatile TKE-l Turbulence Parameterization for the Simulation of Stable Boundary Layers","authors":"É. Vignon,&nbsp;K. Arjdal,&nbsp;F. Cheruy,&nbsp;M. Coulon-Decorzens,&nbsp;C. Dehondt,&nbsp;T. Dubos,&nbsp;S. Fromang,&nbsp;F. Hourdin,&nbsp;L. Lange,&nbsp;L. Raillard,&nbsp;G. Rivière,&nbsp;R. Roehrig,&nbsp;A. Sima,&nbsp;A. Spiga,&nbsp;P. Tiengou","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the development of a so-called Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE)-l, or TKE-l, parameterization of the diffusion coefficients for the representation of turbulent diffusion in neutral and stable conditions in large-scale atmospheric models. The parameterization has been carefully designed to be completely tunable in the sense that all adjustable parameters have been clearly identified and the number of parameters has been minimized as much as possible to help the calibration and to thoroughly assess the parametric sensitivity. We choose a mixing length formulation that depends on both static stability and wind shear to cover the different regimes of stable boundary layers. We follow a heuristic approach for expressing the stability functions and turbulent Prandlt number in order to guarantee the versatility of the scheme and its applicability for planetary atmospheres composed of an ideal and perfect gas such as that of Earth and Mars. Particular attention has been paid to the numerical stability and convergence of the TKE equation at large time steps, an essential prerequisite for capturing stable boundary layers in General Circulation Models (GCMs). Tests, parametric sensitivity assessments and preliminary tuning are performed on single-column idealized simulations of the weakly stable boundary layer. The robustness and versatility of the scheme are assessed through its implementation in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom GCM and the Mars Planetary Climate Model and by running simulations of the Antarctic and Martian nocturnal boundary layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}