Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems最新文献

{"title":"Resolving Droplet Sedimentation Effects in Stratocumulus Clouds","authors":"Raphael Pistor,&nbsp;Juan Pedro Mellado","doi":"10.1029/2025MS004966","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025MS004966","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We use direct numerical simulations to quantify the effects that droplet sedimentation has on the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. Our analysis includes both ends of the length-scale spectrum that are deemed important for representing turbulence in stratocumulus clouds, spanning from meter scales at the cloud top to large energy-containing eddies the size of the boundary layer. We conduct sensitivity experiments that involve varying the droplet sedimentation strength and the Reynolds number. Consistent with previous studies, we find that increasing sedimentation causes a decrease in mean entrainment velocity, with an observed effect of at least <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>20</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $20%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Interestingly, the turbulence kinetic energy and the turbulent entrainment flux are enhanced by sedimentation. To reconcile the apparent contradiction of turbulent flux increasing and mean entrainment velocity decreasing, we quantify the various mean fluxes of the liquid water static energy in the cloud-top region, as needed for the evaluation of the entrainment-rate equation. As sedimentation strength intensifies, the magnitude of the sedimentation flux undergoes a more rapid increase than the turbulent flux, effectively compensating for the increase in turbulent flux. To explain the increase in turbulence intensity, we show that sedimentation increases the contrast between descending dry, warm air in cloud holes and the moist, cold air within cloudy puffs. This increased contrast intensifies evaporative cooling near the cloud hole edges, which accelerates the downdrafts, drives turbulence, and distributes moisture more evenly between the cloud and subcloud layers. Overall, we show that microphysical effects are as important as turbulent effects at meter-scale resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025MS004966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Topography-Aware Eddy Parameterization Improves Warm Water Transport Across the Cape Darnley Continental Slope","authors":"Nicolas Dettling,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Nakayama,&nbsp;Vigan Mensah,&nbsp;Martin Losch","doi":"10.1029/2025MS005115","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025MS005115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The onshore transport of warm Circumpolar Deep Water determines the properties of Antarctic shelf waters and drives the melting of the Antarctic ice shelves. The largest net onshore transport of CDW coincides with regions of dense water export, such as the Cape Darnley region in the East Antarctic, one of the major sources of Antarctic Bottom Water. In an eddy-resolving regional ocean model of the Cape Darnley region, the winter downslope flow of dense water produces an eddy-driven transport of warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water across the shelf break. At coarse resolution typical for climate models, this warm water transport is absent and needs to be parameterized. The Gent and McWilliams/Redi (GM/Redi) scheme improves the simulated hydrographic fields and recovers a transport of warm water across the shelf break. With high constant GM/Redi coefficients that improve the mean hydrography the most, however, the on-shelf transport of warm water is overestimated. This is because the dynamical suppression of eddy-driven transports across sloping bottom topography is not considered in the GM/Redi scheme. Therefore, we implement a topography-aware version of the GM/Redi scheme that reduces the coefficients over steep continental slopes, representing the eddy-suppressive effect of sloping bottom topography. The topography-aware GM/Redi scheme outperforms the traditional version by simultaneously improving the mean hydrographic fields and the cross-slope warm water transports. Eddy parameterizations remain important for the representation of onshore tracer transports and shelf water masses in ocean models provided they incorporate regional and local physics as in our example of a topography-aware scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025MS005115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Sophisticated Photochemistry Simulation in Atmospheric Numerical Models With Artificial Intelligence PhotoChemistry (AIPC) Scheme Using the Feature-Mapping Subspace Self-Attention Algorithm","authors":"Zihan Xia,&nbsp;Chun Zhao,&nbsp;Qiuyan Du,&nbsp;Zining Yang,&nbsp;Mingshuai Zhang,&nbsp;Liang Qiao","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004646","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024MS004646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate simulation of atmospheric photochemistry is essential for air quality and climate studies but computationally expensive in three-dimensional atmospheric models. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms show promise for accelerating photochemical simulations, but integrating them reliably into numerical models as replacements for complex mechanisms has been challenging, with success mostly limited to simplified schemes (e.g., 12 species). We present a novel AI PhotoChemistry (AIPC) scheme using the Feature-Mapping Subspace Self-Attention (FMSSA) algorithm, enabling fast, accurate, and stable online simulation of the full SAPRC-99 mechanism (79 species, 229 reactions) within WRF-Chem. Feature-mapping subspace self-attention reduces computational cost by 91% versus standard attention architectures via global feature mapping and subspace attention decomposition while maintaining high fidelity to nonlinear chemistry. Offline evaluations show FMSSA's superior accuracy (mean NRMSE = 3.09% for 69 species) over Multi-Layer Perceptron and Residual Neural Network baselines, especially for ozone. Ablation experiments confirm the critical role of attention and LayerNorm modules for accuracy and generalizability. Monthly-scale online simulations conducted in August show stable FMSSA-AIPC performance, accurately reproducing species spatiotemporal distributions with 77% faster computation than the numerical solver. However, simulations conducted in February show performance degradation for all AIPC schemes, with FMSSA-AIPC exhibiting unique synchronous errors, highlighting generalization challenges across significantly distinct atmospheric regimes. This work advances integrating sophisticated chemical processes in weather and climate models, with future efforts targeting expanded training data sets, architectural refinements and broader spatiotemporal testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representing Fine-Scale Topographic Effects on Surface Radiation Balance in Hyper-Resolution Land Surface Models","authors":"Dalei Hao,&nbsp;Gautam Bisht,&nbsp;Lingcheng Li,&nbsp;L. Ruby Leung","doi":"10.1029/2025MS004987","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025MS004987","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land surface models are increasingly used to simulate land surface processes at hyper-spatial resolutions (e.g., ∼1 km). As model resolution increases, grid-scale topographic effects on surface radiation fluxes and their interactions between adjacent grids become more pronounced. However, current land surface models routinely neglect the fine-scale topographic effects on surface radiation balance. This study developed physically-based and computationally-efficient parameterizations (fineTOP) that explicitly resolve fine-scale topographic effects on downward shortwave and longwave radiation as well as land surface radiative properties. The newly developed parameterizations were implemented and tested in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM). Multi-decadal km-resolution ELM simulations over the California Sierra Nevada show that fine-scale topography significantly impacts the surface energy balance and snow processes across seasons. Slope determines the magnitude of topographic effects, while aspect controls their sign. For slopes larger than 30°, topography-induced change in annual surface temperature can be as large as 3.3 K. Regionally, the mean value and standard deviation of topography-induced changes in annual surface temperature are −0.22 ± 0.38 K and +0.25 ± 0.37 K over north-facing and south-facing slopes, respectively. Topography-induced changes in surface radiative properties account for 3.5% ± 13.8% of total topographic effects on annual net radiation. With fineTOP, ELM captures the aspect-dependence of snow cover fraction, snow water equivalent, and land surface temperature found in MODIS satellite observations and a snow reanalysis data set, while the default ELM fails to capture this phenomenon. The enhanced capability to represent fine-scale topographic effects on surface radiation balance can be used to advance understanding of the role of fine-scale topography in land surface processes and land-atmosphere interactions over mountainous regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025MS004987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean Emulation With Fourier Neural Operators: Double Gyre","authors":"Suyash Bire,&nbsp;Björn Lütjens,&nbsp;Kamyar Azizzadenesheli,&nbsp;Animashree Anandkumar,&nbsp;Chris Hill","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004137","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2023MS004137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A data-driven emulator for the baroclinic double gyre ocean simulation is presented in this study. Traditional numerical simulations using partial differential equations (PDEs) often require substantial computational resources, hindering real-time applications and inhibiting model scalability. This study presents a novel approach employing Fourier neural operators to address these challenges in an idealized double-gyre ocean simulation. We propose a deep learning approach capable of learning the underlying dynamics of the ocean system, complementing the classical methods. Additionally, we show how Fourier neural operators allow us to train the network at one resolution and generate ensembles at a different resolution. We find that there is an intermediate time scale where the prediction skill is maximized.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal via Alkalinity Enhancement Across Circulation Regimes Using ECCO-Darwin and 1D Models","authors":"Kay Suselj,&nbsp;Dustin Carroll,&nbsp;Daniel Whitt,&nbsp;Bridget Samuels,&nbsp;Dimitris Menemenlis,&nbsp;Hong Zhang,&nbsp;Nate Beatty,&nbsp;Anna Savage","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004847","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024MS004847","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is emerging as a viable method for removing anthropogenic <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${mathrm{C}mathrm{O}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> emissions from the atmosphere to mitigate climate change. To achieve substantial carbon reductions, OAE would need to be deployed at scale across the global ocean. Hence, there is a need to quantify how the efficiency of OAE varies globally across a range of space-time scales in preparation for field deployments. Here we develop a marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) efficiency evaluation framework based on the data-assimilative ECCO-Darwin ocean biogeochemistry model, which separates and quantifies two key factors over seasonal to multi-annual timescales: (a) mCDR potential, which quantifies the ability of seawater to store additional carbon after an alkalinity perturbation; and (b) dynamical mCDR efficiency, representing the impact of ocean advection, mixing, and air-sea <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${mathrm{C}mathrm{O}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> exchange. We apply this framework to virtual OAE deployments in five archetypal ocean circulation regimes with different mCDR potentials and dynamical efficiencies. The simulations highlight the importance of the dynamical factors, especially vertical transport, in driving differences in efficiency. To rapidly isolate and quantify the factors that determine dynamical efficiency, we develop a reduced complexity 1D model, rapid-mCDR. We show that combining the rapid-mCDR model with existing ECCO-Darwin output allows for rapid characterization of OAE efficiency at any location globally. Thus, these tools can be readily employed by research teams and industry to model future field deployments and contribute to essential monitoring, reporting, and verification efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antarctic Dense Water Formation Sensitivity to Ocean Surface Cell Thickness","authors":"Wilton Aguiar,&nbsp;Adele K. Morrison,&nbsp;Wilma G. C. Huneke,&nbsp;David K. Hutchinson,&nbsp;Paul Spence,&nbsp;Andrew McC. Hogg,&nbsp;Pedro Colombo,&nbsp;Kial D. Stewart","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004913","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024MS004913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dense water formation on the Antarctic continental shelf is the main process by which Antarctic Bottom Waters form and is fundamental to the abyssal overturning circulation. However, most ocean models fail to simulate Antarctic dense water formation on the continental shelf and flow down the continental slope (i.e., overflow) due to resolution constraints. While the impact of horizontal and vertical resolution on the overflows has been previously studied, the effect of surface vertical resolution on dense water formation remains unexplored. To address this gap, we vary the surface ocean grid cell of two dense water-forming models from 1.1 to 5.1 m thickness. We used two ocean and sea ice models, each employing a different boundary layer parameterization scheme. In one model, thickening the surface cell to 5.1 m reduced dense water formation by 64% and led to the complete cessation of the overflow after 10 years of simulation. In the other, the same thickening decreased dense water formation by 32% and overflow by 67% over the same period. The dense water formation reduction in the experiments with thicker surface grid cells is explained by a southward shift in the surface Ekman transport, which brings light offshore waters to the coast and limits dense water formation at the continental shelf. Although dense water formation responds to surface layer thickening in both models, differences in sea ice production contribute to greater sensitivity in one case, where a weaker sea ice formation in the 5.1 m configuration further decreases dense water production. These results highlight that a high vertical resolution at the ocean surface is required to form Antarctic dense waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Weak Sea Surface Temperature Warm Anomalies on Local Trade Cumulus Cloudiness in Large Eddy Simulations","authors":"Xuanyu Chen,&nbsp;Juliana Dias,&nbsp;Brandon Wolding,&nbsp;Peter N. Blossey,&nbsp;Charlotte DeMott,&nbsp;Robert Pincus,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Thompson","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004778","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024MS004778","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the local impact of weak sea surface temperature (SST) warm anomalies on trade cumulus cloudiness in an idealized and ensemble framework with large-eddy simulations. The control experiment uses a spatially uniform, time-invariant SST and mean large-scale conditions and atmospheric forcings derived from the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign. The perturbed experiment adds a Gaussian warm SST anomaly (SSTA) with a 12.5 km radius and 0.5 K magnitude. The ensemble-averaged differences between perturbation and control experiments show that cloud fraction is enhanced over the downwind half of the prescribed warm SSTA, with the enhancement peaking slightly above the environmental lifting condensation level (LCL) and then decaying with height. Compared to the upper-level (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&gt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${ &gt;} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>1.5 km) cloud response, the low-level cloud response (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${&lt; } $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>1 km) to the warm SSTA is stronger and occurs more systematically across different ensemble members. This near-LCL cloud response is driven by enhanced surface buoyancy flux and buoyancy-driven turbulence over the warm SSTA as opposed to SSTA-induced anomalous surface convergence and mesoscale ascent. Process denial experiments indicate that the locally enhanced surface sensible and latent heat fluxes contribute almost equally to increase the near-LCL cloudiness, even though the locally enhanced surface sensible heat flux plays a dominant role in enhancing surface buoyancy flux. These results corroborate recent satellite composite results (Chen et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-23-0075.1), suggesting that the observed increase of daily cloud fraction above warm SSTAs is due to more frequent turbulence-driven formation of shallow cumuli near the cloud base.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Biogeochemical Cycling With Multiple Plankton Functional Types","authors":"Jun Yu,&nbsp;Kristen M. Krumhardt,&nbsp;J. Keith Moore,&nbsp;Robert T. Letscher,&nbsp;Shanlin Wang,&nbsp;Nicola A. Wiseman,&nbsp;Matthew C. Long,&nbsp;Keith Lindsay,&nbsp;Michael Levy,&nbsp;Colleen M. Petrik,&nbsp;Adam C. Martiny","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004521","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024MS004521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current representations of marine ecosystems in Earth System Models are greatly simplified, neglecting key interactions between dynamic food webs, biogeochemistry, and climate change. We use the Marine Biogeochemistry Library code base within the Community Earth System Model 2.2.2 to create an expanded ecosystem model with eight phytoplankton groups and four zooplankton size classes (MARBL-8P4Z). Incorporating more specific plankton types and size classes has the potential to capture a wider range of possible behaviors of the ecosystem, its complex interactions with biogeochemistry, and its feedback to climate change. It also permits stronger observational constraints, including in situ group-specific biomass and various observational estimates of plankton community composition. MARBL-8P4Z broadly captures observed global-scale patterns in biomass and community composition for both phytoplankton and zooplankton, with a good performance in simulating broad biogeochemistry fields. The model shows comparable spatial patterns and magnitudes to the observed picophytoplankton biomass (<i>Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus,</i> picoeukaryotes), and captures the seasonal cycle of mesozooplankton biomass. Picophytoplankton groups and microzooplankton dominate biomass and production in oligotrophic, subtropical regions, while nano-phytoplankton, diatoms and the larger zooplankton groups prevail at higher latitudes and within upwelling zones. The model simulates reasonable energy transfer efficiency through the food web, with tight linkages between the phytoplankton community composition, zooplankton grazing, and carbon export, with the potential to link to fisheries models. Thus, MARBL-8P4Z has the potential to account for key climate-driven ecological shifts in the plankton that will modify ocean biogeochemistry in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model Intercomparison Study of Aerosol-Cloud-Turbulence Interactions in a Cloud Chamber: 1. Model Results","authors":"Sisi Chen,&nbsp;Steven K. Krueger,&nbsp;Piotr Dziekan,&nbsp;Kotaro Enokido,&nbsp;Theodore MacMillan,&nbsp;David Richter,&nbsp;Silvio Schmalfuß,&nbsp;Shin-ichiro Shima,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Jesse C. Anderson,&nbsp;Will Cantrell,&nbsp;Dennis Niedermeier,&nbsp;Raymond A. Shaw,&nbsp;Frank Stratmann","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004562","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024MS004562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the first model intercomparison of aerosol-cloud-turbulence interactions in a controlled cloudy Rayleigh-Bénard Convection chamber environment, utilizing the Pi Chamber at Michigan Technological University. We analyzed simulated cloud chamber-averaged statistics of microphysics and thermodynamics in a warm-phase, cloudy environment under steady-state conditions at varying aerosol injection rates. Simulation results from seven distinct models (DNS, LES, and a 1D turbulence model) were compared. Our findings demonstrate that while all models qualitatively capture observed trends in droplet number concentration, mean radius, and droplet size distributions at both high and low aerosol injection rates, significant quantitative differences were observed. Notably, droplet number concentrations varied by over two orders of magnitude between models for the same injection rates, indicating sensitivities to the model treatments in droplet activation and removal and wall fluxes. Furthermore, inconsistencies in vertical relative humidity profiles and in achieving steady-state liquid water content suggest the need for further investigation into the mechanisms driving these variations. Despite these discrepancies, the models generally reproduced consistent power-law relationships between the microphysical variables. This model intercomparison underscores the importance of controlled cloud chamber experiments for validating and improving cloud microphysical parameterizations. Recommendations for future modeling studies are also highlighted, including constraining wall conditions and processes, investigating droplet/aerosol removal (including sidewall losses), and conducting simplified experiments to isolate specific processes contributing to model divergence and reduce model uncertainties.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}