Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems最新文献_第4页

The Land-Ocean Contrast in Deep Convective Intensity in a Global Storm-Resolving Model 全球风暴分解模式中深层对流强度的陆-海对比

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004467

Tristan H. Abbott, Nadir Jeevanjee, Kai-Yuan Cheng, Linjiong Zhou, Lucas Harris

{"title":"The Land-Ocean Contrast in Deep Convective Intensity in a Global Storm-Resolving Model","authors":"Tristan H. Abbott, Nadir Jeevanjee, Kai-Yuan Cheng, Linjiong Zhou, Lucas Harris","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004467","url":null,"abstract":"Observations reveal a clear difference in the intensity of deep convection over tropical land and ocean. This observed land-ocean contrast provides a natural benchmark for evaluating the fidelity of global storm-resolving models (GSRMs; global models with horizontal resolution on the order of kilometers), and GSRMs provide a potentially valuable tool for probing unresolved scientific questions about the origin of the observed land-ocean contrast. However, land-ocean differences in convective intensity have received relatively little attention in GSRM research. Here, we show that the strength of the land-ocean contrast simulated by GSRMs is strongly sensitive to details of GSRM implementations, and not clearly governed by any of several hypothesized drivers of the observed land-ocean contrast. We first examine DYAMOND Summer GSRM simulations, and show that only a subset produce a clear land-ocean contrast in the frequency of strong updrafts. We then show that the use of a sub-grid shallow convection scheme can determine whether or not the GSRM X-SHiELD produces a clear land-ocean contrast. Finally, we show that three putative drivers of the observed land-ocean contrast (convective available potential energy, boundary layer depth, and microphysics) fail to explain why a land-ocean contrast is present in X-SHiELD simulations with sub-grid shallow convection disabled. These results provide encouraging evidence that GSRMs can mimic the observed land-ocean convective intensity contrast. However, they also show that their ability to do so can be sensitive to uncertain sub-grid parameterizations, and suggest that existing theory may not fully capture drivers of the land-ocean contrast simulated by some GSRMs.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moist Energy Constraints on Surface Temperature Variance Under Climate Warming 气候变暖条件下地表温度变化的湿能约束

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004612

Bowen Ge, Gang Chen, Jian Lu, Wenyu Zhou

引用次数: 0

The Stochastic GM + E Closure: A Framework for Coupling Stochastic Backscatter With the Gent and McWilliams Parameterization 随机GM + E闭包：随机后向散射与Gent和McWilliams参数化耦合的框架

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004560

I. Grooms, N. Agarwal, G. Marques, P. J. Pegion, H. Yassin

{"title":"The Stochastic GM + E Closure: A Framework for Coupling Stochastic Backscatter With the Gent and McWilliams Parameterization","authors":"I. Grooms, N. Agarwal, G. Marques, P. J. Pegion, H. Yassin","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004560","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are often used at horizontal resolutions that preclude the appearance of mesoscale eddies. The ocean mesoscale constitutes a significant component of ocean variability, and OGCMs whose resolutions are too coarse to represent the mesoscale are necessarily lacking this variability. In addition to being variable, the ocean mesoscale also induces variability on larger scales that could be resolved on a coarse grid, but coarse OGCMs often lack this variability too. This paper develops a stochastic parameterization that adds small increments to an OGCM's lateral velocity field, which excites natural modes of variability in the model. The rate at which these velocity increments add energy to the flow is tied to the rate at which the Gent-McWilliams parameterization—a popular parameterization of the effect of mesoscale eddies on tracer transport—removes potential energy from the resolved scales. The stochastic parameterization is implemented in a non-eddying OGCM, where it is shown to increase the variability significantly.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Transient IDEMIX Model as a Nonorographic Gravity Wave Parameterization in an Atmospheric Circulation Model 瞬态IDEMIX模式在大气环流模式中的非地形重力波参数化

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1029/2023MS004121

B. Quinn, C. Eden, D. Olbers, G. S. Voelker, U. Achatz

{"title":"The Transient IDEMIX Model as a Nonorographic Gravity Wave Parameterization in an Atmospheric Circulation Model","authors":"B. Quinn, C. Eden, D. Olbers, G. S. Voelker, U. Achatz","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004121","url":null,"abstract":"The Internal wave Dissipation, Energy and Mixing (IDEMIX) model presents a novel way of parameterizing internal gravity waves in the atmosphere. Using a continuous full wave spectrum in the energy balance equation and integrating over all vertical wavenumbers and frequencies results in prognostic equations for the energy density of gravity waves in multiple azimuthal compartments. It includes their non-dissipative interaction with the mean flow, allowing for an evolving and local description of momentum flux and gravity wave drag (GWD). A saturation mechanism maintains the wavefield within convective stability limits, and an energetically consistent closure for critical-layer effects controls how much wave flux propagates from the troposphere into the middle atmosphere. IDEMIX can simulate zonal GWD around the mesopause, similar to a traditional gravity wave parameterization and to a state-of-the-art wave ray tracing model in an atmospheric circulation model. In addition, IDEMIX shows a reversal of the GWD around the mesopause region due to interaction with the mean flow there. When compared to empirical model data, IDEMIX captures well the summer hemisphere flow reversal, the cold summer mesospheric pole and the alternate positive and negative structures in the meridional mean flow.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Flow Routing on the Unstructured Voronoi Meshes in Earth System Modeling

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004737

Chang Liao, Donghui Xu, Matthew G. Cooper, Tian Zhou, Darren Engwirda, Zeli Tan, Gautam Bisht, Hong-Yi Li, Lingcheng Li, Dongyu Feng, L. Ruby Leung

{"title":"Evaluation of Flow Routing on the Unstructured Voronoi Meshes in Earth System Modeling","authors":"Chang Liao, Donghui Xu, Matthew G. Cooper, Tian Zhou, Darren Engwirda, Zeli Tan, Gautam Bisht, Hong-Yi Li, Lingcheng Li, Dongyu Feng, L. Ruby Leung","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004737","url":null,"abstract":"Flow routing is a fundamental process of Earth System Models' (ESMs) river component. Traditional flow routing models rely on Cartesian rectangular meshes, which exhibit limitations, particularly when coupled with unstructured mesh-based ocean components. They also lack the support for regionally refined models. While previous studies have highlighted the potential benefits of unstructured meshes for flow routing, their widespread application and comprehensive evaluation within ESMs remain limited. This study extends the river component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model to unstructured Voronoi meshes. We evaluated the model's performance in simulating river discharge and water depth across three watersheds spanning the Arctic, temperate, and tropical regions. The results show that while providing several benefits, unstructured mesh-based flow routing can achieve comparable performance to structured mesh-based routing, and their difference is often less than <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $10%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Although the unstructured mesh-based method could address several existing limitations, this research also shows that additional improvements in the numerical method are needed to fully exploit the advantages of unstructured mesh for hydrologic and ESMs.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of DMS Emissions and Chemistry on E3SMv2 Simulated Cloud Droplet Numbers and Aerosol Concentrations Over the Southern Ocean DMS排放和化学对E3SMv2模拟南大洋云滴数和气溶胶浓度的影响

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004683

Litai Kang, Roger Marchand, Po-Lun Ma, Meng Huang, Robert Wood, Ursula Jongebloed, Becky Alexander

{"title":"Impacts of DMS Emissions and Chemistry on E3SMv2 Simulated Cloud Droplet Numbers and Aerosol Concentrations Over the Southern Ocean","authors":"Litai Kang, Roger Marchand, Po-Lun Ma, Meng Huang, Robert Wood, Ursula Jongebloed, Becky Alexander","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004683","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate representation of cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is crucial for predicting future climate. However, models often underestimate Nd over the Southern Ocean (SO), where natural sources dominate, and aerosols are composed primarily of marine biogenic sulfate and sea spray. This study uses a range of diverse data sets to evaluate and untangle biases in Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) simulated clouds, aerosols, and sulfur species. The default E3SMv2 underestimates Nd over SO by a factor of 2 when compared with observations in 3 km-resolution simulations. Updating the dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emission and chemistry leads to a better agreement between the model and the observations in Nd and boundary layer aerosols, but low biases persist in the free tropospheric aerosol concentrations larger than 70 nm, possibly attributable to insufficient particle growth. Furthermore, updates to DMS emissions and chemistry resulted in reduced vertical DMS concentrations and improved the overall agreement between simulated and observed DMS vertical profiles. Preliminary evaluation also reveals remaining biases in simulated sulfur species, including overestimation in DMS at high latitudes, and in simulated sulfate mass concentration, highlighting the necessity for further efforts to improve the model treatment of relevant processes.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Wind Profile Shear and Curvature on the Parameterized Orographic Gravity Wave Stress in a Middle Atmosphere Resolving General Circulation Model 中大气解析环流模式中风廓线切变和曲率对参数化地形重力波应力的影响

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004232

Rongrong Zhang, Yixiong Lu, Xin Xu, Yuan Wang

{"title":"Impacts of Wind Profile Shear and Curvature on the Parameterized Orographic Gravity Wave Stress in a Middle Atmosphere Resolving General Circulation Model","authors":"Rongrong Zhang, Yixiong Lu, Xin Xu, Yuan Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004232","url":null,"abstract":"The cold pole and westerly wind biases associated with an overly strong polar vortex are typical systematic biases in climate models, indicating the insufficient stratospheric wave drag. To investigate the effects of orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) on the stratospheric atmospheric circulation, two sets of experiments are performed by the middle-atmosphere version of Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model, employing different OGWD parameterization schemes with and without the second-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) corrections to the surface wave momentum flux (SWMF) caused by wind profile shear and curvature. In the simulation with the WKB-corrected OGWD scheme, the cold pole bias is reduced up to 2°C, and the associated westerly wind bias diminishes up to 4 m s−1, particularly during the austral winter. Changes in the SWMF can further affect the vertical transport of orographic gravity waves. The enhanced SWMF in the modified scheme transports more wave momentum flux upward. Consequently, more wave momentum flux is transported into the upper stratosphere, enhancing the wave breaking there. The OGWD-induced meridional circulation is strengthened over Antarctic, contributing to the alleviation of the cold pole and westerly wind biases. In addition, the upward propagation of planetary Rossby waves in the mid-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is enhanced, which contributes to the reduction of the westerly wind biases of the polar vortex as well. Overall, the WKB-corrected scheme is effective to alleviating the delayed breakdown of the polar vortex in Antarctica.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary Optimization of the Reduced Gas-Phase Isoprene Oxidation Mechanism 还原气相异戊二烯氧化机理的演化优化

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004511

Arijit Chakraborty, Forwood Cloud Wiser, Siddhartha Sen, Daniel M. Westervelt, Reese Carter, V. Faye McNeill, Venkat Venkatasubramanian

引用次数: 0

Link Between Stochastic Grid Perturbation and Location Uncertainty Framework 随机网格扰动与位置不确定性框架之间的联系

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004528

S. Clement, E. Blayo, L. Debreu, J.-M. Brankart, P. Brasseur, L. Li, E. Mémin

{"title":"Link Between Stochastic Grid Perturbation and Location Uncertainty Framework","authors":"S. Clement, E. Blayo, L. Debreu, J.-M. Brankart, P. Brasseur, L. Li, E. Mémin","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004528","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between a Stochastic Grid Perturbation (SGP) and Location Uncertainty (LU) in the context of ocean modeling. The LU formulation, which introduces random velocity fluctuations, has shown efficacy in organizing large-scale flow and replicating long-term statistical characteristics. SGP was created as a simpler approach which perturbs the computational grid for ensemble members, aiming to simulate small uncertainties in high-resolution predictability studies. We aim to clarify the link between SGP and LU. After introducing the LU formalism, we derive the SGP method and discuss its connection to LU. Correlated noise in time is introduced in the SGP method to preserve the structure of the original grid. A compensating advection term is shown to preserve LU properties despite the latter correlated noise. Numerical experiments on a 3-layer Quasi-Geostrophic model compare various SGP implementations with an explicit LU implementation, highlighting the importance of the compensating advection term to achieve strict equivalence.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the QBO Forcing by Resolved Waves With Vertical Grid Refinement in E3SMv2 E3SMv2中垂直网格精化改进分解波QBO强迫

IF 4.4 2区地球科学

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1029/2024MS004473

W. Yu, W. M. Hannah, J. J. Benedict, C.-C. Chen, J. H. Richter

{"title":"Improving the QBO Forcing by Resolved Waves With Vertical Grid Refinement in E3SMv2","authors":"W. Yu, W. M. Hannah, J. J. Benedict, C.-C. Chen, J. H. Richter","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004473","url":null,"abstract":"The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is the dominate mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere and plays an important role in stratospheric dynamics and chemistry. The QBO is notably deficient in many climate models, including the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) developed by the US Department of Energy. In this work, we refine the lower stratospheric vertical grid spacing from roughly 1 km to 500 m to facilitate more realistic equatorial wave activity in the lower stratosphere in E3SM version 2. The refinement results in a simulated QBO with a reasonable amplitude and easterly-westerly transition in both directions, but still has a longer period than observed, slower easterly downward propagation speed, and shallower vertical depth. Similar refinement in the multi-scale modeling framework configuration of E3SM yields similar improvements. By analyzing the forcing contributions from different wave types, we find that most of the QBO forcing still comes from parameterized gravity wave drag from convection. The improved QBO forcing contributions from resolved waves, especially equatorial Kelvin waves and resolved small scale waves, can be attributed to the grid refinement.","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0