Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems最新文献

{"title":"Connections Between Sub-Cloud Coherent Updrafts and the Life Cycle of Maritime Shallow Cumulus Clouds in Large Eddy Simulation","authors":"Jian-Feng Gu,&nbsp;Robert S. Plant,&nbsp;Christopher E. Holloway","doi":"10.1029/2023MS003986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003986","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop a novel approach to detect cloud-subcloud coupling during the cloud life cycle and analyze a large eddy simulation of marine shallow cumulus based on the Barbados oceanographic and meteorological experiment campaign. Our results demonstrate how the activity of sub-cloud coherent updrafts (SCUs) affect the evolution of shallow cloud properties during their life cycles, from triggering to development, and through to dissipation. Most clouds <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 <mn>80</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $(sim 80%)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> are related to SCUs during their lifetime but not every SCU (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 <mn>20</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} 20%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> for short-lived ones) leads to cloud formation. The fastest growing SCUs in a relatively moist region are most likely to initiate clouds. The evolution of cloud base mass-flux depends on cloud lifetime. Compared with short-lived clouds, longer lived clouds have longer periods of development, even normalized by the full lifetime, and tend to increase their cloud base mass-flux to a stronger maximum. This is consistent with the evolution of mass flux near the top of SCU, indicating that the development of clouds is closely related to the sub-cloud activity. When the SCUs decay and detach from the lifting condensation level, the corresponding cloud base starts to rise, signifying the start of cloud dissipation, during which the cloud top lowers to approach the rising cloud base. Previous studies have described similar conceptual pieces of this relationship but here we provide a continuous framework to cover all the stages of cloud-subcloud coupling. Our findings provide quantitative evidence to supplement the conceptual model of shallow cloud life cycle and is critical to improve the steady-state assumption in parameterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS003986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Multi-Scale Meteorological Large-Eddy Simulation Model for Urban Thermal Environmental Studies: The “City-LES” Model Version 2.0","authors":"Hiroyuki Kusaka,&nbsp;Ryosaku Ikeda,&nbsp;Takuto Sato,&nbsp;Satoru Iizuka,&nbsp;Taisuke Boku","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To bridge the gaps between meteorological large-eddy simulation (LES) models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for microscale urban climate simulations, the present study has developed a meteorological LES model for urban areas. This model simulates urban climates across both mesoscale (city scale) and microscale (city-block scale). The paper offers an overview of this LES model, which distinguishes itself from standard numerical weather prediction models by resolving buildings and trees at the microscale simulations. It also differs from standard CFD models by accounting for atmospheric stratification and physical processes. Noteworthy features of this model include: (a) the calculation of long- and short-wave radiations in three dimensions, incorporating multiple reflections within urban canopy layers using the radiosity method, and accounting for building and tree shadows in the simulations; (b) the provision of various heat stress indices (Universal Thermal Climate Index, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, MRT, THI); (c) the assessment of the efficacy of heat stress mitigation measures such as dry-mist spraying, roadside trees, cool pavements, and green/cool roofs strategies; (d) the capability to run on supercomputers, with the code parallelized in a three-dimensional manner, and the model can also run on a graphics processing unit cluster. Following the introduction of this model, the study confirms its basic performance through various numerical experiments, including simulations of thermals in the convective boundary layer, coherent structure of turbulence over urban canopy, and thermal environment and heat stress indices in urban districts. The model developed in this study is intended to serve as a community tool for addressing both fundamental and applied studies in urban climatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TC-GEN: Data-Driven Tropical Cyclone Downscaling Using Machine Learning-Based High-Resolution Weather Model","authors":"Renzhi Jing,&nbsp;Jianxiong Gao,&nbsp;Yunuo Cai,&nbsp;Dazhi Xi,&nbsp;Yinda Zhang,&nbsp;Yanwei Fu,&nbsp;Kerry Emanuel,&nbsp;Noah S. Diffenbaugh,&nbsp;Eran Bendavid","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synthetic downscaling of tropical cyclones (TCs) is critically important to estimate the long-term hazard of rare high-impact storm events. Existing downscaling approaches rely on statistical or statistical-deterministic models that are capable of generating large samples of synthetic storms with characteristics similar to observed storms. However, these models do not capture the complex two-way interactions between a storm and its environment. In addition, these approaches either necessitate a separate TC size model to simulate storm size or involve post-processing to capture the asymmetries in the simulated surface wind. In this study, we present an innovative data-driven approach for TC synthetic downscaling. Using a machine learning-based high-resolution global weather model (ML-GWM), our approach can simulate the full life cycle of a storm with asymmetric surface wind that accounts for the two-way interactions between the storm and its environment. This approach consists of multiple components: a data-driven model for generating synthetic TC seeds, a blending method that seamlessly integrates storm seeds into the surrounding while maintaining the seed structure, and a model based on a recurrent neural network to correct for biases in storm intensity. Compared to observations and synthetic storms simulated using existing statistical-deterministic and statistical downscaling approaches, our method shows the ability to effectively capture many aspects of TC statistics, including track density, landfall frequency, landfall intensity, and outermost wind extent. Leveraging the computational efficiency of ML-GWM, our approach shows substantial potential for TC regional hazard and risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Streams Revisited: General Equations, Exact Coefficients, and Optimized Closures","authors":"Dion J. X. Ho,&nbsp;Robert Pincus","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two-Stream Equations are the most parsimonious general models for radiative flux transfer with one equation to model each of upward and downward fluxes; these are coupled due to the transfer of fluxes between hemispheres. Standard two-stream approximation of the Radiative Transfer Equation assumes that the ratios of flux transferred (coupling coefficients) are both invariant with optical depth and symmetric with respect to upwelling and downwelling radiation. Two-stream closures are derived by making additional assumptions about the angular distribution of the intensity field, but none currently works well for all parts of the optical parameter space. We determine the exact values of the two-stream coupling coefficients from multi-stream numerical solutions to the Radiative Transfer Equation for shortwave radiation. The resulting unique coefficients accurately reconstruct entire flux profiles but depend on optical depth. More importantly, they generally take on unphysical values when symmetry is assumed. We derive a general form of the Two-Stream Equations for which the four coupling coefficients are guaranteed to be physically explicable. While non-constant coupling coefficients are required to reconstruct entire flux profiles, numerically optimized constant coupling coefficients (which admit analytic solutions) reproduced shortwave reflectance and transmittance with relative errors no greater than <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>5</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $4times 1{0}^{-5}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> over a large range of optical parameters. The optimized coefficients show a dependence on solar zenith angle and total optical depth that diminishes as the latter increases. This explains why existing coupling coefficients, which often omit the former and mostly neglect the latter, tend to work well for only thin or only thick atmospheres.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Organized Convection Impact Explicitly Resolved Cloud Feedbacks in the Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project?","authors":"Catherine L. Stauffer,&nbsp;Allison A. Wing","doi":"10.1029/2023MS003924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE), and with sufficiently large domains, organized convection enhances top of atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation due to the reduced cloud coverage and drying of the mean climate state. As a consequence, estimates of climate sensitivity and cloud feedbacks may be affected. Here, we use a multi-model ensemble configured in RCE to study the dependence of explicitly calculated cloud feedbacks on the existence of organized convection, the degree to which convection within a domain organizes, and the change in organized convection with warming sea surface temperature. We find that, when RCE simulations with organized convection are compared to RCE simulations without organized convection, the propensity for convection to organize in RCE causes cloud feedbacks to have larger magnitudes due to the inclusion of low clouds, accompanied by a much larger inter-model spread. While we find no dependence of the cloud feedback on changes in organization with warming, models that are, on average, more organized have less positive, or even negative, cloud feedbacks. This is primarily due to changes in cloud optical depth in the shortwave, specifically high clouds thickening with warming in strongly organized domains. The shortwave cloud optical depth feedback also plays an important role in causing the tropical anvil cloud area feedback to be positive which is directly opposed to the expected negative or near zero cloud feedback found in prior work.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS003924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves to Surface Temperature Forcing in Aquaplanet Simulations","authors":"Mu-Ting Chien,&nbsp;Daehyun Kim","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates changes in the propagation and maintenance of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (KWs) in response to surface warming. We use a set of three aquaplanet simulations made with the Community Atmospheric Model version 6 by varying the sea surface temperature boundary conditions to represent the current climate as well as warmer (+4 K) and cooler (−4 K) climates. Results show that KWs accelerate at the rate of about 7.1%/K and their amplitudes decrease by 4.7%/K. The dampening of KWs with warming is found to be associated with a weakening of the internal thermodynamic feedback between diabatic heating and temperature anomalies that generates KW eddy available potential energy (EAPE). The phase speed of KWs closely matches that of the second baroclinic mode KW in −4 K, while the phase speed of KWs is approximately that of the first baroclinic mode KW in +4 K. Meanwhile, the coupling between the two baroclinic modes weakens with warming. We hypothesize that in −4 K, as the first and second baroclinic modes are strongly coupled, KWs destabilize by positive EAPE generation within the second baroclinic mode and propagate more slowly, following the second baroclinic mode KW phase speed. In +4 K, as the first and second baroclinic modes decouple, KWs are damped by negative EAPE generation within the first baroclinic mode and propagate faster, following the first baroclinic mode KW phase speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Enabled Parameterization Enhances Model Simulation of CH4 Cycling in Four Natural Wetlands","authors":"Yunjiang Zuo,&nbsp;Liyuan He,&nbsp;Yihui Wang,&nbsp;Jianzhao Liu,&nbsp;Nannan Wang,&nbsp;Kexin Li,&nbsp;Ziyu Guo,&nbsp;Lihua Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Chen,&nbsp;Changchun Song,&nbsp;Fenghui Yuan,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbial processes are crucial in producing and oxidizing biological methane (CH₄) in natural wetlands. Therefore, modeling methanogenesis and methanotrophy is advantageous for accurately projecting CH₄ cycling. Utilizing the CLM-Microbe model, which explicitly represents the growth and death of methanogens and methanotrophs, we demonstrate that genome-enabled model parameterization improves model performance in four natural wetlands. Compared to the default model parameterization against CH₄ flux, genomic-enabled model parameterization added another contain on microbial biomass, notably enhancing the precision of simulated CH₄ flux. Specifically, the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) increased from 0.45 to 0.74 for Sanjiang Plain, from 0.78 to 0.89 for Changbai Mountain, and from 0.35 to 0.54 for Sallie's Fen, respectively. A drop in <i>R</i>² was observed for the Dajiuhu nature wetland, primarily caused by scatter data points. Theil's coefficient (U) and model efficiency (ME) confirmed the model performance from default parameterization to genome-enabled model parameterization. Compared with the model solely calibrated to surface CH₄ flux, additional constraints of functional gene data led to better CH₄ seasonality; meanwhile, genome-enabled model parameterization established more robust associations between simulated CH₄ production rates and environmental factors. Sensitivity analysis underscored the pivotal role of microbial physiology in governing CH₄ flux. This genome-enabled model parameterization offers a valuable promise to integrate fast-cumulating genomic data with CH₄ models to better understand microbial roles in CH₄ in the era of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Water Balance Representation in Urban-PLUMBER Land Surface Models","authors":"H. J. Jongen,&nbsp;M. Lipson,&nbsp;A. J. Teuling,&nbsp;S. Grimmond,&nbsp;J.-J. Baik,&nbsp;M. Best,&nbsp;M. Demuzere,&nbsp;K. Fortuniak,&nbsp;Y. Huang,&nbsp;M. G. De Kauwe,&nbsp;R. Li,&nbsp;J. McNorton,&nbsp;N. Meili,&nbsp;K. Oleson,&nbsp;S.-B. Park,&nbsp;T. Sun,&nbsp;A. Tsiringakis,&nbsp;M. Varentsov,&nbsp;C. Wang,&nbsp;Z.-H. Wang,&nbsp;G. J. Steeneveld","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban Land Surface Models (ULSMs) simulate energy and water exchanges between the urban surface and atmosphere. However, earlier systematic ULSM comparison projects assessed the energy balance but ignored the water balance, which is coupled to the energy balance. Here, we analyze the water balance representation in 19 ULSMs participating in the Urban-PLUMBER project using results for 20 sites spread across a range of climates and urban form characteristics. As observations for most water fluxes are unavailable, we examine the water balance closure, flux timing, and magnitude with a score derived from seven indicators expecting better scoring models to capture the latent heat flux more accurately. We find that the water budget is only closed in 57% of the model-site combinations assuming closure when annual total incoming fluxes (precipitation and irrigation) fluxes are within 3% of the outgoing (all other) fluxes. Results show the timing is better captured than magnitude. No ULSM has passed all water balance indicators for any site. Models passing more indicators do not capture the latent heat flux more accurately refuting our hypothesis. While output reporting inconsistencies may have negatively affected model performance, our results indicate models could be improved by explicitly verifying water balance closure and revising runoff parameterizations. By expanding ULSM evaluation to the water balance and related to latent heat flux performance, we demonstrate the benefits of evaluating processes with direct feedback mechanisms to the processes of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Unified Formulation of Quasi-Geostrophic and Shallow Water Equations via Projection","authors":"Louis Thiry,&nbsp;Long Li,&nbsp;Etienne Mémin,&nbsp;Guillaume Roullet","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004510","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces a unified model for layered rotating shallow-water (RSW) and quasi-geostrophic (QG) equations, based on the intrinsic relationship between these two sets of equations. We propose a novel formulation of the QG equations as a projection of the RSW equations. This formulation uses the same prognostic variables as RSW, namely velocity and layer thickness, thereby restoring the proximity of these two sets of equations. It provides direct access to the ageostrophic velocities embedded within the geostrophic velocities resolved by the QG equations. This approach facilitates the study of differences between QG and RSW using a consistent numerical discretization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this formulation through examples including vortex shear instability, double-gyre circulation, and a simplified North Atlantic configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dust Morphology on Aerosol Optics in the GEOS-Chem Chemical Transport Model, on UV-Vis Trace Gas Retrievals, and on Surface Area Available for Reactive Uptake","authors":"Inderjeet Singh,&nbsp;Randall V. Martin,&nbsp;Liam Bindle,&nbsp;Deepangsu Chatterjee,&nbsp;Chi Li,&nbsp;Christopher Oxford,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Xu,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1029/2023MS003746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003746","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many chemical transport models treat mineral dust as spherical. Solar backscatter retrievals of trace gases (e.g., OMI and TROPOMI) implicitly treat mineral dust as spherical. The impact of the morphology of mineral dust particles is studied to assess its implications for global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulations and solar backscatter trace gas retrievals at ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) wavelengths. We investigate how the morphology of mineral dust particles affects the simulated dust aerosol optical depth; surface area, reaction, and diffusion parameters for heterogeneous chemistry; phase function, and scattering weights for air mass factor (AMF) calculations used in solar backscatter retrievals. We use a mixture of various aspect ratios of spheroids to model the dust optical properties and a combination of shape and porosity to model the surface area, reaction, and diffusion parameters. We find that assuming spherical particles can introduce size-dependent and wavelength-dependent errors of up to 14% in simulated dust extinction efficiency with corresponding error in simulated dust optical depth typically within 5%. We find that use of spheroids rather than spheres increases forward scattered radiance and decreases backward scattering that in turn decrease the sensitivity of solar backscatter retrievals of NO₂ to aerosols by factors of 2.0–2.5. We develop and apply a theoretical framework based on porosity and surface fractal dimension with corresponding increase in the reactive uptake coefficient driven by increased surface area and species reactivity. Differences are large enough to warrant consideration of dust non-sphericity for chemical transport models and UV-Vis trace gas retrievals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS003746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}