Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems最新文献

{"title":"Toward Fine Horizontal Resolution Global Simulations of Aerosol Sectional Microphysics: Advances Enabled by GCHP-TOMAS","authors":"Betty Croft,&nbsp;Randall V. Martin,&nbsp;Rachel Y.-W. Chang,&nbsp;Liam Bindle,&nbsp;Sebastian D. Eastham,&nbsp;Lucas A. Estrada,&nbsp;Bonne Ford,&nbsp;Chi Li,&nbsp;Michael S. Long,&nbsp;Elizabeth W. Lundgren,&nbsp;Saptarshi Sinha,&nbsp;Melissa P. Sulprizio,&nbsp;Yidan Tang,&nbsp;Aaron van Donkelaar,&nbsp;Robert M. Yantosca,&nbsp;Dandan Zhang,&nbsp;Haihui Zhu,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Pierce","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global modeling of aerosol-particle number and size is important for understanding aerosol effects on Earth's climate and air quality. Fine-resolution global models are desirable for representing nonlinear aerosol-microphysical processes, their nonlinear interactions with dynamics and chemistry, and spatial heterogeneity. However, aerosol-microphysical simulations are computationally demanding, which can limit the achievable global horizontal resolution. Here, we present the first coupling of the TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics scheme with the High-Performance configuration of the GEOS-Chem model of atmospheric composition (GCHP), a coupling termed GCHP-TOMAS. GCHP's architecture allows massively parallel GCHP-TOMAS simulations including on the cloud, using hundreds of computing cores, faster runtimes, more memory, and finer global horizontal resolution (e.g., 25 km × 25 km, 7.8 × 10⁵ model columns) versus the previous single-node capability of GEOS-Chem-TOMAS (tens of cores, 200 km × 250 km, 1.3 × 10⁴ model columns). GCHP-TOMAS runtimes have near-ideal scalability with computing-core number. Simulated global-mean number concentrations increase (dominated by free-tropospheric over-ocean sub-10-nm-diameter particles) toward finer GCHP-TOMAS horizontal resolution. Increasing the horizontal resolution from 200 km × 200–50 km × 50 km increases the global monthly mean free-tropospheric total particle number by 18.5%, and over-ocean sub-10-nm-diameter particles by 39.8% at 4-km altitude. With a cascade of contributing factors, free-tropospheric particle-precursor concentrations increase (32.6% at 4-km altitude) with resolution, promoting new-particle formation and growth that outweigh coagulation changes. These nonlinear effects have the potential to revise current understanding of processes controlling global aerosol number and aerosol impacts on Earth's climate and air quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Instantaneous Tidal Signals in Ocean Models Utilizing Streaming Band-Pass Filters","authors":"Chengzhu Xu,&nbsp;Edward D. Zaron","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Through the implementation of a streaming filter, output of numerical ocean simulations can be band-pass filtered at tidal frequencies while the model is running, yielding time series of sinusoidal motions consisting of tidal signals in the filter's target frequency band. The filtering algorithm is developed from a system of two ordinary differential equations that represents the motion of a damped harmonic oscillator. The filter's response to a broadband input signal is unity at its target frequency but vanishes toward the low and high frequency limits. The decay of the filter response is controlled by a dimensionless parameter, which determines the filter's bandwidth. As a result, the filter allows signals within a small frequency band around its target frequency to pass through, while blocking signals outside of its target frequency band. In this work, the filtering algorithm is implemented into the barotropic solver of the Modular Ocean Model version 6 (MOM6) for determining the instantaneous tidal velocities of the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides. Utilizing the filters, the frequency-dependent internal wave drag is applied to the semi-diurnal and diurnal frequency bands separately. The simulation results suggest that the performance of the algorithm is consistent with the filter transfer function in Fourier space. Potential applications of the algorithm also include de-tiding the model output for nested regional ocean models, especially those for the purpose of operational forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Benthic Fluxes in Acidifying the Bottom Waters in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone Based on an Updated Water Column Biogeochemical-Seabed Diagenetic and Sediment Transport Model","authors":"Dongxiao Yin,&nbsp;Linlin Cui,&nbsp;Courtney K. Harris,&nbsp;Julia M. Moriarty,&nbsp;Hannah Beck,&nbsp;Kanchan Maiti","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The seabed and the water column are tightly coupled in shallow coastal environments. Numerical models of seabed-water interaction provide an alternative to observational studies that require concurrent measurements in both compartments, which are hard to obtain and rarely available. Here, we present a coupled model that includes water column biogeochemistry, seabed diagenesis, sediment transport and hydrodynamics. Our model includes realistic representations of biogeochemical reactions in both seabed and water column, and fluxes at their interface. The model was built on algorithms for seabed-water exchange in the Regional Ocean Modeling System and expanded to include carbonate chemistry in seabed. The updated model was tested for two sites where benthic flux and porewater concentration measurements were available in the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone. The calibrated model reproduced the porewater concentration-depth profiles and benthic fluxes of O₂, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), TAlk, NO₃ and NH₄. We used the calibrated model to explore the role of benthic fluxes in acidifying bottom water during fair weather and resuspension periods. Under fair weather conditions, model results indicated that bio-diffusion in sediment, labile material input and sediment porosity have a large control on the importance of benthic flux to bottom water acidification. During resuspension, the model indicated that bottom water acidification would be enhanced due to the sharp increase of the DIC/TAlk ratio of benthic fluxes. To conclude, our model reproduced the seabed-water column exchange of biologically important solutes and can be used for quantifying the role of benthic fluxes in driving bottom water acidification over continental shelves.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for Assessing Ocean Mixed Layer Depth Evolution","authors":"Alexandre Legay,&nbsp;Bruno Deremble,&nbsp;Thierry Penduff,&nbsp;Pierre Brasseur,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Molines","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ocean surface mixed layer plays a crucial role as an entry or exit point for heat, salt, momentum, and nutrients from the surface to the deep ocean. In this study, we introduce a framework to assess the evolution of the mixed layer depth (MLD) for realistic forcings and preconditioning conditions. Our approach involves a physically-based parameter space defined by three dimensionless numbers: <i>λ</i>_<i>s</i> representing the relative contribution of the buoyancy flux and the wind stress at the air-sea interface, <i>R</i>_<i>h</i> the Richardson number which characterizes the stability of the water column relative to the wind shear, and <i>f</i>/<i>N</i>_<i>h</i> which characterizes the importance of the Earth's rotation (ratio of the Coriolis frequency <i>f</i> and the pycnocline stratification <i>N</i>_<i>h</i>). Four MLD evolution regimes (“restratification,” “stable,” “deepening,” and “strong deepening”) are defined based on the values of the normalized temporal evolution of the MLD. We evaluate the 3D parameter space in the context of 1D simulations and we find that considering only the two dimensions (<i>λ</i>_<i>s</i>, <i>R</i>_<i>h</i>) is the best choice of 2D projection of this 3D parameter space. We then demonstrate the utility of this two-dimensional <i>λ</i>_<i>s</i> − <i>R</i>_<i>h</i> parameter space to compare 3D realistic ocean simulations: we discuss the impact of the horizontal resolution (1°, 1/12°, or 1/60°) and the Gent-McWilliams parameterization on MLD evolution regimes. Finally, a proof of concept of using observational data as a truth indicates how the parameter space could be used for model calibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connections Between Sub-Cloud Coherent Updrafts and the Life Cycle of Maritime Shallow Cumulus Clouds in Large Eddy Simulation","authors":"Jian-Feng Gu,&nbsp;Robert S. Plant,&nbsp;Christopher E. Holloway","doi":"10.1029/2023MS003986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003986","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop a novel approach to detect cloud-subcloud coupling during the cloud life cycle and analyze a large eddy simulation of marine shallow cumulus based on the Barbados oceanographic and meteorological experiment campaign. Our results demonstrate how the activity of sub-cloud coherent updrafts (SCUs) affect the evolution of shallow cloud properties during their life cycles, from triggering to development, and through to dissipation. Most clouds <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 <mn>80</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $(sim 80%)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> are related to SCUs during their lifetime but not every SCU (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 <mn>20</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} 20%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> for short-lived ones) leads to cloud formation. The fastest growing SCUs in a relatively moist region are most likely to initiate clouds. The evolution of cloud base mass-flux depends on cloud lifetime. Compared with short-lived clouds, longer lived clouds have longer periods of development, even normalized by the full lifetime, and tend to increase their cloud base mass-flux to a stronger maximum. This is consistent with the evolution of mass flux near the top of SCU, indicating that the development of clouds is closely related to the sub-cloud activity. When the SCUs decay and detach from the lifting condensation level, the corresponding cloud base starts to rise, signifying the start of cloud dissipation, during which the cloud top lowers to approach the rising cloud base. Previous studies have described similar conceptual pieces of this relationship but here we provide a continuous framework to cover all the stages of cloud-subcloud coupling. Our findings provide quantitative evidence to supplement the conceptual model of shallow cloud life cycle and is critical to improve the steady-state assumption in parameterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS003986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Multi-Scale Meteorological Large-Eddy Simulation Model for Urban Thermal Environmental Studies: The “City-LES” Model Version 2.0","authors":"Hiroyuki Kusaka,&nbsp;Ryosaku Ikeda,&nbsp;Takuto Sato,&nbsp;Satoru Iizuka,&nbsp;Taisuke Boku","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To bridge the gaps between meteorological large-eddy simulation (LES) models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for microscale urban climate simulations, the present study has developed a meteorological LES model for urban areas. This model simulates urban climates across both mesoscale (city scale) and microscale (city-block scale). The paper offers an overview of this LES model, which distinguishes itself from standard numerical weather prediction models by resolving buildings and trees at the microscale simulations. It also differs from standard CFD models by accounting for atmospheric stratification and physical processes. Noteworthy features of this model include: (a) the calculation of long- and short-wave radiations in three dimensions, incorporating multiple reflections within urban canopy layers using the radiosity method, and accounting for building and tree shadows in the simulations; (b) the provision of various heat stress indices (Universal Thermal Climate Index, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, MRT, THI); (c) the assessment of the efficacy of heat stress mitigation measures such as dry-mist spraying, roadside trees, cool pavements, and green/cool roofs strategies; (d) the capability to run on supercomputers, with the code parallelized in a three-dimensional manner, and the model can also run on a graphics processing unit cluster. Following the introduction of this model, the study confirms its basic performance through various numerical experiments, including simulations of thermals in the convective boundary layer, coherent structure of turbulence over urban canopy, and thermal environment and heat stress indices in urban districts. The model developed in this study is intended to serve as a community tool for addressing both fundamental and applied studies in urban climatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TC-GEN: Data-Driven Tropical Cyclone Downscaling Using Machine Learning-Based High-Resolution Weather Model","authors":"Renzhi Jing,&nbsp;Jianxiong Gao,&nbsp;Yunuo Cai,&nbsp;Dazhi Xi,&nbsp;Yinda Zhang,&nbsp;Yanwei Fu,&nbsp;Kerry Emanuel,&nbsp;Noah S. Diffenbaugh,&nbsp;Eran Bendavid","doi":"10.1029/2023MS004203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synthetic downscaling of tropical cyclones (TCs) is critically important to estimate the long-term hazard of rare high-impact storm events. Existing downscaling approaches rely on statistical or statistical-deterministic models that are capable of generating large samples of synthetic storms with characteristics similar to observed storms. However, these models do not capture the complex two-way interactions between a storm and its environment. In addition, these approaches either necessitate a separate TC size model to simulate storm size or involve post-processing to capture the asymmetries in the simulated surface wind. In this study, we present an innovative data-driven approach for TC synthetic downscaling. Using a machine learning-based high-resolution global weather model (ML-GWM), our approach can simulate the full life cycle of a storm with asymmetric surface wind that accounts for the two-way interactions between the storm and its environment. This approach consists of multiple components: a data-driven model for generating synthetic TC seeds, a blending method that seamlessly integrates storm seeds into the surrounding while maintaining the seed structure, and a model based on a recurrent neural network to correct for biases in storm intensity. Compared to observations and synthetic storms simulated using existing statistical-deterministic and statistical downscaling approaches, our method shows the ability to effectively capture many aspects of TC statistics, including track density, landfall frequency, landfall intensity, and outermost wind extent. Leveraging the computational efficiency of ML-GWM, our approach shows substantial potential for TC regional hazard and risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS004203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Streams Revisited: General Equations, Exact Coefficients, and Optimized Closures","authors":"Dion J. X. Ho,&nbsp;Robert Pincus","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two-Stream Equations are the most parsimonious general models for radiative flux transfer with one equation to model each of upward and downward fluxes; these are coupled due to the transfer of fluxes between hemispheres. Standard two-stream approximation of the Radiative Transfer Equation assumes that the ratios of flux transferred (coupling coefficients) are both invariant with optical depth and symmetric with respect to upwelling and downwelling radiation. Two-stream closures are derived by making additional assumptions about the angular distribution of the intensity field, but none currently works well for all parts of the optical parameter space. We determine the exact values of the two-stream coupling coefficients from multi-stream numerical solutions to the Radiative Transfer Equation for shortwave radiation. The resulting unique coefficients accurately reconstruct entire flux profiles but depend on optical depth. More importantly, they generally take on unphysical values when symmetry is assumed. We derive a general form of the Two-Stream Equations for which the four coupling coefficients are guaranteed to be physically explicable. While non-constant coupling coefficients are required to reconstruct entire flux profiles, numerically optimized constant coupling coefficients (which admit analytic solutions) reproduced shortwave reflectance and transmittance with relative errors no greater than <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>5</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $4times 1{0}^{-5}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> over a large range of optical parameters. The optimized coefficients show a dependence on solar zenith angle and total optical depth that diminishes as the latter increases. This explains why existing coupling coefficients, which often omit the former and mostly neglect the latter, tend to work well for only thin or only thick atmospheres.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Organized Convection Impact Explicitly Resolved Cloud Feedbacks in the Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project?","authors":"Catherine L. Stauffer,&nbsp;Allison A. Wing","doi":"10.1029/2023MS003924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE), and with sufficiently large domains, organized convection enhances top of atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation due to the reduced cloud coverage and drying of the mean climate state. As a consequence, estimates of climate sensitivity and cloud feedbacks may be affected. Here, we use a multi-model ensemble configured in RCE to study the dependence of explicitly calculated cloud feedbacks on the existence of organized convection, the degree to which convection within a domain organizes, and the change in organized convection with warming sea surface temperature. We find that, when RCE simulations with organized convection are compared to RCE simulations without organized convection, the propensity for convection to organize in RCE causes cloud feedbacks to have larger magnitudes due to the inclusion of low clouds, accompanied by a much larger inter-model spread. While we find no dependence of the cloud feedback on changes in organization with warming, models that are, on average, more organized have less positive, or even negative, cloud feedbacks. This is primarily due to changes in cloud optical depth in the shortwave, specifically high clouds thickening with warming in strongly organized domains. The shortwave cloud optical depth feedback also plays an important role in causing the tropical anvil cloud area feedback to be positive which is directly opposed to the expected negative or near zero cloud feedback found in prior work.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023MS003924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves to Surface Temperature Forcing in Aquaplanet Simulations","authors":"Mu-Ting Chien,&nbsp;Daehyun Kim","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates changes in the propagation and maintenance of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (KWs) in response to surface warming. We use a set of three aquaplanet simulations made with the Community Atmospheric Model version 6 by varying the sea surface temperature boundary conditions to represent the current climate as well as warmer (+4 K) and cooler (−4 K) climates. Results show that KWs accelerate at the rate of about 7.1%/K and their amplitudes decrease by 4.7%/K. The dampening of KWs with warming is found to be associated with a weakening of the internal thermodynamic feedback between diabatic heating and temperature anomalies that generates KW eddy available potential energy (EAPE). The phase speed of KWs closely matches that of the second baroclinic mode KW in −4 K, while the phase speed of KWs is approximately that of the first baroclinic mode KW in +4 K. Meanwhile, the coupling between the two baroclinic modes weakens with warming. We hypothesize that in −4 K, as the first and second baroclinic modes are strongly coupled, KWs destabilize by positive EAPE generation within the second baroclinic mode and propagate more slowly, following the second baroclinic mode KW phase speed. In +4 K, as the first and second baroclinic modes decouple, KWs are damped by negative EAPE generation within the first baroclinic mode and propagate faster, following the first baroclinic mode KW phase speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}