Iranian Journal of Child Neurology最新文献

{"title":"The Prevalence of Central Auditory Processing Disorder in Elementary School Students of Kerman, Iran.","authors":"Maryam Amizadeh, Saeid Farahani, Jila Afsharmanesh, Hamid Sharifi, Fatemeh Fani Molky","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.V17i1.33821","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.V17i1.33821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) in elementary school students in Kerman, Iran, during 2018-2019.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1369 elementary school students in Kerman. These students were selected by cluster sampling from different areas of Kerman and then screened using the Buffalo Model Questionnaire (BMQ). Based on the data obtained from the questionnaire, normal children were excluded from the study. Then, children with suspected central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) underwent ear exams and were excluded from the study in case of abnormal results in the tympanic membrane examination (rapture-effusion). The remaining subjects underwent peripheral audiometry evaluation, and children with abnormal audiometry were excluded from the study. Finally, the remaining children with suspicious screening results, a normal examination, and normal audiometry underwent a specific test to detect Central auditory processing disorder. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One thousand three hundred sixty-nine primary school students with a mean age of 9.15 ±2.63 years enrolled in this study. 52%% of students were male. 8.03% of them had CAPD. A statistically significant relationship was found between the prevalence of CAPD and gender (P<0.001), place of residence (P<0.001), history of middle ear inflammation (P<0.001) and history of head injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The quality of life of these students with CAPD can be improved via timely recognition of CAPD and the provision of appropriate preventive and therapeutic facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Children with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Limited Unicentral Study.","authors":"Ali Nikkhah, Mohammad Mahdi Nasehi, Nader Momtazmanesh, Kourosh Etemad, Somayeh Hajatnia","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.40139","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.40139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a plasmapheresis procedure whose Safety data for pediatric neuro-immunological disorders (PNID) is confined. The present research documents TPE's safety and feasibility data in these conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>The current study involved six distinct groups of patients with PNID undergoing TPE: neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD), autoimmune encephalitis (AIE), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and optic neuritis (ON). This study documented complications related to each TPE process. In addition, TPE's efficacy was studied in these patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study recorded adverse effects in 18 patients with PNID that received 121 TPE cycles: five cycles (4.13%) in MS, three (2.48%) in AIE subgroup, one (0.82%) in ADEM, and two (1.65%) in GBS. No severe complications were observed among the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with PNID tolerated therapeutic plasma exchange, which was a safe process.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of White Noise Sound on the Severity of Muscle Vaccination Pain in Children Under Two Years.","authors":"Abbas Shamsalinia, Zahra Fotokian, Zahra Jannat Alipour, Yadollah Zahedpasha, Fatemeh Mohammadkhah","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.38746","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.38746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pain and its control is a significant health problem worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effects of white noise (bird sound) on the severity of muscle vaccination pain in children under two years old.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study was a case-control study conducted in 2021. The samples included seventy children under two years old referred to the health centers in Ramsar City, Iran. The samples were selected using the convenient sampling method and divided into experimental and control groups. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics questionnaire, facial expression, and pain assessment in pediatric patients (FLACC). They were then analyzed by SPSS16 using an independent t-test and analysis of covariance (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference was observed between the severity of muscle vaccination pain in children in the two groups (p=0.042); the pain intensity mean in the experimental group (6.45±2.01) was lower than the control group (8.94±1.28).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This method can be a harmless and inexpensive intervention to reduce pain intensity and behavioral pain responses in infants during painful procedures, especially vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural adaptation, validation, and standardization of a developmental screening tool (ASQ-3) in Iranian children.","authors":"Ghazal Shariatpanahi, Roshanak Vameghi, Niloufar Ghanbari, Seyed Hamed Barekati, Hamid Reza Lornejad, Naria Abolghasemi","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.39595","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.39595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed at culturally adapting, validating, and standardizing the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) by implementing a nation-wide cross-sectional methodological study in order to provide a valid and reliable tool for determining the developmental status of Iranian children.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted on Iranian children between 1-66 months. The ASQ-3 tool was translated; following that, its face and content validity, as well as the cross-cultural adaptation were assessed by 51 specialists and experts in the field of pediatrics and child development. In order to determine the reliability of the ASQ-3 (using Cronbach's alpha), and cut-off points. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study was enrolled in 2 phases. The face and content validity, as well as the cultural relevance of the Persian version of ASQ-3 was confirmed using panel of specialists views then researchers investigated 11,740 children aged 1-66 months in order to evaluate the reliability of the tool. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients (reliability) determined for the ASQ-3 and the cut-off points for the ASQ-3 of different age groups and domains were determined by calculating one and two SDs below the mean; the latter represents the main cut-off point, and the interval between the two represents the monitoring zone according to the ASQ-3 technical manual.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that the Iranian version of ASQ-3 is valid and reliable; moreover, the cut-off points designated for it can be implemented in the Iranian children community to assess their developmental status.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"55-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Novel <i>ASAH1</i> Gene Mutation in Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy.","authors":"Najmeh Ahangari, Fatemeh Arab, Meisam Babaei","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.44081","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.44081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) affects the nervous system. Symptoms appear in early childhood and include muscle weakness, difficulty walking, seizures, and cognitive decline. Despite introducing various therapies to restore acid ceramidase function or reduce ceramide accumulation and gene therapy to correct genetic mutations, there are still unknown underlying molecular mechanisms related to this disorder. This article reports a novel variant c.118G>C in the ASAH1 gene. The patient presented with clinical manifestations such as progressive muscle weakness and myoclonic convulsions. Clinical features and electrophysiological investigations revealed a motor neuron disease and generalized epileptic discharge. A significant temporal interval was observed between the initial diagnosis of SMA and the subsequent manifestation of myoclonic seizures. The proband was genetically assessed through whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by variant confirmation and bioinformatics analysis. According to this article's findings and previous research, further diagnostic testing and management are needed to determine the severity and progression of the patient's condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 3","pages":"131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune mediated myasthenia gravis in children, current concepts and new treatments: A narrative review article.","authors":"Azita Tavasoli","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.45054","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.45054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most frequent transmission disease in the neuromuscular junction. Juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) is an autoimmune antibody-mediated disease of postsynaptic endplate defined as MG presentation in patients before the age of 18 years old. While many clinical features of JMG are identical to the adults, there are some significant differences between them regarding presentation, clinical course, antibody level, and thymus histopathology. In JMG, ocular symptoms are more frequent, the clinical course is comparably benign, and the outcome is better than adult MG. Antibodies attack the muscle endplate proteins in the postsynaptic membrane and interfere with transmission. These antibodies in most patients are against the acetylcholine receptors, but they may also be directed toward muscle-specific kinase, lipoprotein-related protein 4, and agrin. Findings show racial influences and genetic effects on the occurrence of JMG. The essential clinical symptom is fatigable weakness of muscles that can be in the form of isolated ocular type or more disseminated weakness. The diagnosis of JMG is essentially clinical, with fluctuating patterns of weakness and easy fatigability, but a series of diagnostic evaluations can confirm the diagnosis. Precise diagnostic evaluation and distinction from congenital myasthenic syndromes is critical. The treatment plan is conducted according to the clinical course (ocular or generalized), antibody type, and disease severity. The mainstay of treatment includes symptomatic therapy, long-lasting immunosuppressive treatment and treatment of myasthenic crisis. Novel medications are introduced and conducted to the specific pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease, and they are used primarily in the refractory MG.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 3","pages":"21-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Perception in Children with a History of Hypoglycemia due to Hyperinsulinism.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Ghazavi, Jafar Nasiri, Azin Momeni, Mahin Hashemipour","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.34620","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.34620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hyperinsulinism refers to improper insulin secretion in the presence of low plasma glucose, causing severe and persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. The brain's occipital lobe, which includes the visual and plays an essential role in visual perception is specifically sensitive to hypoglycemia-induced damage. The present study aims to investigate the visual perception in children suffering from hyperinsulinism and to compare it with the control group.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This cross-sectional control study, conducted in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran, involved 20 children aged 4-13 years with hyperinsulinism and 20 healthy children of the same age and gender for comparison. In both groups, the measuring instrument was the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (non-motor) Third Edition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean visual perceptual quotient in the case and control groups was 80.50±26.74 and 116.50±7.56 (p-value<0.001), respectively. The results overall indicated that children suffering from hyperinsulinism were weaker than healthy children in all areas of visual perception.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the obtained results, it is recommended that children suffering from hyperinsulinism be screened regarding visual perceptual disorders since this screening may be helpful in initiating different rehabilitation programs among these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Necrotizing Encephalopathy in a 7-year-old Child after being Infected with COVID-19, A Case Report.","authors":"Zahra Movahedi, Mohsen Mollamohammadi, Masoud Hassanvand Amouzadeh, Batool Shakeri","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.39927","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.39927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New daily data on the COVID-19 pandemic are circulating globally. This disease usually appears with respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and fever. The neurological complications of the disease are somewhat known in adults but rarely reported in children. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is one of the brain complications associated‌ with Coronavirus disease that usually has a poor prognosis in children. In this case, we report a rare case of a 7-year-old boy who was referred to the hospital with symptoms of convulsions after contracting COVID-19 and developed cerebral necrotizing encephalopathy caused by COVID-19 infection. Although ANEC is a rare disease, clinical examination and MRI and CT scan findings play an essentialrole in diagnosing and treating the disease.‌.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Neurological and Auditory Development in Children with Congenital Heart Disease using Essence Q Questionnaire and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test.","authors":"Asadollah Tanasan, Fatemeh Eghalian, Helen Behmanesh, Salman Khazaei, Farhad Farahani, Firozeh Hosseini","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i.39186","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i.39186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The progress of cardiac surgery in children and the increase in the survival of children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) has led to consider another issue called a neurodevelopmental disorder. In this study, 53 children with CHD were evaluated in terms of development with the Essence Q questionnaire, Otoacoustic Emission (OAE), and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) regarding these patients' hearing and risk factors. The Essence Q scores were also examined.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In this prospective, cross-sectional study, the researchers included 53 children diagnosed with CHD. Initially, each child underwent ABR and OAE tests. Subsequently, data on potential risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental delay were collected. A trained project associate administered the Essence Q questionnaire, using parents' information as a guide. Following data collection, this study proceeded with an in-depth analysis of the information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six boys (67.92%) and 17 girls (32.08%) with CHD were included in the study. The mean age of children was 26.98<math><mo>±</mo></math>10.64 months. The mean Essence Q score for boys was 7.48<math><mo>±</mo></math>2.57. Moreover, the average score for girls was 2.23 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 8.11. According to this questionnaire, 39 patients (73.58%) had hyperactivity disorder, 46 patients (86.79%) had behavioral disorders, and ten patients (16.98%) had a motor delay. Unlike previous studies, all patients had normal OAE and ABR hearing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that factors such as developmental delay in the first year, a known genetic disease, and a history of seizures significantly impacted the Essence Q score. However, elements like prematurity, the use of ventilation, abnormalities on the dorsum, and the number of days post-surgery did not significantly affect the Essence Q score. Essence Q can be a reliable tool in screening for neurodevelopment in children with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Phenobarbital, Italept, and Topamax in the Treatment of Neonatal Seizures:A Double-Blinded Cross-Sectional Study of the Iranian Population.","authors":"Shahram Sadeghvand, Leila Islamian Ghadim, Mir Hadi Mousavi, Gisou Erabi","doi":"10.22037/IJCN.V18I4.43760","DOIUrl":"10.22037/IJCN.V18I4.43760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Seizures are changes in the electrical activity of the brain. These changes can cause significant or otherwise asymptomatic symptoms. Phenobarbital and phenytoin are known drugs for treating neonatal seizures, but little clinical experience exists using other drugs. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of other drugs, such as Levetiracetam and Topiramate, compared to Phenobarbital in treating neonatal seizures.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In a double-blind clinical trial, all neonates admitted to a referral hospital for two years (2020-2022) due to seizures were included. All of the neonates were treated with a dosage of 10-40mg/kg/state IV Phenobarbital to control the acute seizure. After that, they were divided into three groups with specific treatment programs. Groups were ordered with oral Phenobarbital 5mg/kg/day maintenance (first group), oral Topiramate 3-8mg/kg/day (second group), and 10-40mg/kg/day Levetiracetam (third group). Seizures and potential side effects were investigated through interviews and medical EEG tests. The data was analyzed using the Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty infants (20 neonates in each group) were studied. Phenobarbital, Italept, and Topiramate did not significantly differ in controlling convulsions and changes related to brain paroxysmal discharges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the long treatment duration and side effects, it is essential to choose the appropriate drug for treating treatment-resistant seizures of neonates. The present study found that Phenobarbital, Levetiracetam, and Topiramate are equally effective in controlling seizures. These medications can also help eliminate abnormalities in children's brain paroxysmal.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 4","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}