Iranian Journal of Child Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Post Herpetic Anti-NMDA- Receptor Encephalitis in an 18-month-old Infant.","authors":"Hossein Eslamiyeh,&nbsp;Reihane Ranjbar Jamalabadi,&nbsp;Mohsen Askarbioki","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.35356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.35356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), is the most common cause of severe sporadic encephalitis worldwide. HSE is occasionally accompanied by the recurrence of clinical symptoms that usually occur a few weeks following the initial infection. According to recent studies, the recurrence can be due to a secondary autoimmune mechanism rather than the virus invasion. One of the most common etiologies for autoimmunity is Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis. This disorder is a treatable autoimmune encephalitis manifesting as movement disorder or neuropsychological involvement.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The article pertains to the presentation of an 18-month-old infant with a primary diagnosis of herpetic encephalitis who was re-admitted to the hospital shortly after discharge with restlessness, speech disorder, and abnormal movements. The movements were predominantly choreiform and disappeared during sleep. Brain MRI revealed abnormal predominance in the left temporoparietal regions with encephalomalacic changes in some areas in favor of sequella of previous encephalitis in addition to recent right temporal involvement of sequella of previous encephalitis. The polymerase chain reaction test of cerebrospinal fluid for herpes simplex infection was negative. Therefore, the possibility of autoimmune encephalitis was raised. More laboratory examinations revealed that the Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antibody level was significantly elevated in cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, the diagnosis of Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis was established.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Relapsing symptoms after herpes simplex virus encephalitis, especially with movement disorders, should raise a high clinical suspicion of Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis in children. Therefore, clinicians should be cautious of its occurrence in infants; despite its rarity in that age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 2","pages":"167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/63/ijcn-17-167.PMC10114269.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (Guillain-Barre' Syndrome Variant) with Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in a Child: A Case Report.","authors":"Alireza Nateghian,&nbsp;Mozhde Mohammadpour,&nbsp;Naseh Yousefi,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Khabbaz,&nbsp;Katayoun Moradi","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.35849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.35849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various reports of neurological manifestations of SARS-COV-2 infection after the virus outbreak are available, including anosmia, seizures, acute flaccid myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and encephalitis. Most of the literature has focused on the respiratory manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults, but recent evidence showed that it is not confined to the respiratory tract. This report is about a rare variant of GBS acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) in a child due to COVID-19 infection An 11 years old boy was referred to the hospital with a history of three-day lasting mild fever, and gastroenteritis, two weeks before starting symptoms. He was presented with progressive ascending weakness, paresthesia, and areflexia in four limbs four days ago. Nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for SARS-CoV-2. The electrodiagnostic finding was compatible with acute generalized axonal motor neuropathy, and imaging revealed thoracolumbar syrinx and nerve root enhancement in lumbosacral MRI. Other lab tests were normal. GBS and its variant are one of the manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Children with an unexplained neurological process should be tested for SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 2","pages":"163-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/a1/ijcn-17-163.PMC10114280.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9559004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune Encephalitis Due to COVID-19 in a Young Patient.","authors":"Forough Derakhshani,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Ghazavi,&nbsp;Neda Hosseini","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.38280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.38280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune encephalitis is an inflammatory condition caused by different factors, including viral infections, diagnosed after ruling out other causes of encephalitis. The current study reported novel autoimmune encephalitis in an 11-year-old girl who presented with seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological impairments. During the admission, the researchers observed high levels of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Besides, she had positive anti-COVID-19IgG. Therefore, the diagnosis of COVID-19-induced autoimmune encephalitis was specific. The patient received anti-epileptic, anti-viral drugs, IVIG, and rituximab and was discharged with remission. The case diagnosis was made by anti-NMDAR antibodies, which highlights the importance of this diagnostic tool. Similar cases have been reported earlier, but the point of this case was her younger age compared to the previous cases and her developing neurological deficit before COVID-19 presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 2","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/bf/ijcn-17-135.PMC10114274.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Serum Proteome in Women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/Bipolar Disorder Compared to Pure Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder Subjects and Healthy Controls.","authors":"Noorollah Tahery,&nbsp;Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani,&nbsp;Mona Zamanian Azodi,&nbsp;Mostafa Hamdieh,&nbsp;Mohammad Rostami Nejad,&nbsp;Nahid Mahmoodi","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.34795","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.34795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to evaluate the serum proteome of women with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)/bipolar disorder (BP) compared to pure OCD subjects and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Serum proteome of women with OCD/BP, pure OCD individuals, and healthy controls were subjected to 2DE-based proteomics accompanied with MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Further evaluation of the identified protein spots with the significance of p<0.05 and fold≥1.5 was done by applying protein interaction mapping via Cytoscape v. 5.3.1 and its plugins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that vitamin D binding protein (GC) and haptoglobin spots (HP) significantly changed expression in OCD and OCD/BP with different expression patterns. These identified spots may contribute to OCD/BP and act as differentially recognized biomarkers comparing pure OCD and OCD/BP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Findings imply that these proteins in the serum of the patients could be potential distinguishable biomarkers in clinical usage after related validation experiments. Therefore, this study provides a preliminary evaluation to understand OCD/BP proteome behavior better.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 3","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/a9/ijcn-17-133.PMC10448848.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of mind in adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Katayoon Razjouan,&nbsp;Mariam Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Ghazal Zahed,&nbsp;Mojgan Khademi,&nbsp;Rozita Davari,&nbsp;Fariba Arabgol","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.39094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.39094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that may be associated with impaired Theory of Mind (ToM) and social cognition. ToM is a domain in social cognition, referring to one's ability to attribute beliefs, intents, perspectives, and understandings to oneself or others and to understand others' mental states.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>The present study enrolled 52 ADHD of adolescents and 41 healthy age-matched controls in this study. This study applied The Reading the Mind in The Eyes Task (RMET) and Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s.) for all participants. The results of these tasks were compared between the two study groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found between these two study groups regarding ToM abilities using mean scores in the Th.o.m.a.s. inventory and the RMET. Furthermore, no association was found between the mean score in the ToM (in both study groups) and this study's parameters of gender, mean age, birth rank, family structure, and income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study did not support the hypothesis that adolescents with ADHD perform worse on ToM tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/93/ijcn-17-81.PMC9881835.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Haplotypes are Associated with the Febrile Seizure (FS) and TNFα Serum Levels.","authors":"Bahar Ghanbarzadeh, Elnaz Dadashzadeh, Mojtaba Zare Ebrahimabad Zare Ebrahimabad, Mina Rahmati, Nasser Behnampour, Parniansadat Hosseini, Saeed Mohammadi, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.36719","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.36719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>Febrile seizure</i> (FS) is a neuroinflammatory disease involving fever-induced seizures affecting children in the early stages of life. TNFα is a pro-inflammatory cytokine reported to be elevated in FS. Specific promoter variants of <i>TNFα</i> could be associated with its elevated cytokine expression and susceptibility to FS. The present study analyzed the association of specific <i>TNFα</i> variants, including <i>TNFα</i> -238 G/A (rs361525), <i>TNFα</i> -308 G/A (rs1800629), and <i>TNFα</i> -376 G/A (rs1800750) promoter polymorphisms, with FS susceptibility, and TNFα serum levels in an Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Sixty-eight FS patients and 136 controls were enrolled. The SSP-PCR method was utilized to analyze <i>TNFα</i> promoter genotypes. This research also confirmed the genotyping results by sequencing samples of ten patients and normal controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GG genotype of -238 SNP was associated with the increased risk of FS [OR = 12.65, 95% CI (2.83-56.60), P-value = 0.0012]. The AA genotype in the-308 region was increased in patients with FS and associated with the disease [OR = 4.62, 95% CI (1.46-14.56), P-value = 0.028]. The increased occurrence of heterozygous AG in the -376 SNP among control groups has been linked to a decreased risk of FS [OR = 0.22, 95% CI (0.11-0.43), P-value = 0.0001]. This study revealed that AGA (-238/ -308/ -376) haplotype with the highest frequency in controls was associated with a decreased risk of FS, while GAA (-238/ -308/ -376) carriers were more susceptible to FS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study suggested that TNFα gene promoter variants at rs361525, rs1800629, and rs1800750 could be associated with the susceptibility to FS and altered serum levels of TNFα.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 4","pages":"55-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Study of Duchene Muscular Dystrophy and its Genetic Sequence in Southern India.","authors":"Nigama Chandra Sattenapalli,&nbsp;Anka Rao Areti,&nbsp;Siva Naga Koteswara Rao,&nbsp;Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala,&nbsp;Uma Sankar Kulandaivelu","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.35071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.35071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Duchene Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the common X-linked heterogenous progressive muscular dystrophy characterized by mutations in the DMD gene. The frequency of dystrophin gene mutations is varied in different DMD population. A precise diagnosis can help to reduce the severity of DMD since it aids in planning of targeted medical treatment and required therapies. This study was aimed to investigate the mutation type, their rate and distribution of DMD'S in southern India.</p><p><strong>Materials & materials: </strong>An observational study was conducted on 250 genetically confirmed DMD patients from March,2019 to March,2021. The distribution pattern and rate of mutations (deletion, duplication, nonsense mutations, minor mutations) were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mutation spectrum was studied on 250 DMD patients, of which 63% exon deletion pattern were reported. 16% deletions were detected in proximal hot region (exons 3-28). The duplications were found 21% in the proximal hotspot largest region (exon 3-25). 16% of the patients reported single deletion (45 exon), 10.7% reported deletions of exon 44. Point mutations detected in 6%, small mutations were detected in 1.2%, non-sense mutations were detected in 2% of study population respectively. Missense Mutations were detected in 0.8% of study population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study estimates mutation spectrum of exon deletion pattern (63%) was predominantly identified in distal region; duplication was most frequent in proximal region. Point mutations, Nonsense mutations and small mutations have a least accountability. This study adds a real world evidence for developing research therapies in DMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/60/ijcn-17-29.PMC9881832.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9234542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19-Associated Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy: A Case Report.","authors":"Faezeh Fazelnia, Sahar Hasani, Fatemeh Zamani, Reza Shabanian","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.38029","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.38029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is a pandemic disease in which most patients have pulmonary symptoms. However, several cases of CNS involvement associated with COVID-19 have been reported. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare CNS complication of viral infections such as influenza, herpes virus, and COVID-19, leading to high mortality and morbidity rates. Several cases of COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) have been reported since March 2020 in adults, with just a few cases in pediatrics. This article reports a 5-month-old child who presented with seizures, with the final diagnosis of ANE as a complication of COVID-19. MRI findings of ANEC, as reported in most COVID-19-associated ANEC case reports, involve bilateral, symmetric, multifocal lesions in the central thalami. Moreover, the brainstem, cerebral white matter, and cerebellum could be affected. The prognosis of COVID-19-associated ANE is poor, leading to neurologic dysfunction or mortality. COVID-19-associated ANE cases must be reported, especially in pediatrics, with detailed clinical history, laboratory data, and radiologic findings to introduce diagnostic criteria, prognosis, and a management protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 4","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gap pre-pulse inhibition of the cortical auditory evoked potentials as a possible objective tinnitus assessment tool.","authors":"Soheila Shayanmehr, Nariman Rahbar, Akram Pourbakht, Seyyed Jalal Sameni, Malihe Mazaher Yazdi","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.42300","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.42300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective assessment tests overcome the variability of subjective methods. Cortical recordings with gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex stimulus have been used as objective tinnitus assessments in humans. This study aims to investigate this possible objective tinnitus test and compare gap-induced inhibition in different stimulus parameters and brain regions.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Twenty People (18-50 years old) without hearing loss and tinnitus were included. The sound stimuli consisted of continuous background noise with a loud startle tone preceded by a silent gap (20 and 40 ms duration, 120 and 150 ms distance from the startle). The N1-P2 complex amplitude and topoplot maps were extracted in 27-channel cortical response recording after signal processing. Four brain regions of interest (ROI) of anterior-frontal, centro-frontal, right, and left temporal were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the maximum inhibition occurred in a 40 ms gap duration and 150 ms distance in all 4 ROIs. In comparing ROIs, the centro-frontal and left temporal regions revealed the most inhibition (p<0.05). The decrease in the amplitude of the N1 and P2 in that region could also be traced in the 100 and 200 ms topoplots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gap-induced inhibition was observed in all gap-embedded stimuli and all ROIs. However, the 40-150 mode and centro-frontal and left temporal regions had maximum inhibition in normal subjects. It provides a promising tool for objectively assessing tinnitus in humans with particular implications in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 4","pages":"117-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the Next Step after an Electrodiagnostic Study in Children with Polyneuropathies? Rationale for Laboratory and Other Diagnostic Tests.","authors":"Marzieh Babaee, J Andoni Urtizberea, Farzad Fatehi, Seyed Mansoor Rayegani","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.43124","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.43124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The etiology of polyneuropathies varies in the pediatric population, where hereditary or metabolic disorders are far more common than in adults. However, treatable polyneuropathies, also prevalent in these settings, are those to prioritize. Moreover, diagnosing subacute and chronic symptoms in children can be challenging compared to adults. Therefore, selecting the best and most relevant laboratory investigations and paraclinical studies is critical. This taskcan be relatively challenging in countries with limited resources or insurance coverage. This study describe the various types of polyneuropathies found in children and their characteristics and suggest an algorithm for using the best laboratory tests in the context of the Iranian healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 4","pages":"9-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}