Iranian Journal of Child Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Electroencephalography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Response to Treatment in Children with Focal Seizures A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Habibe Nejad Biglari,&nbsp;Mohammad Hosein Molaei-Arsangi,&nbsp;Habibeh Ahmadipour,&nbsp;Rana Eftekhar Vaghefi,&nbsp;Mohammad Shafieei,&nbsp;Saeedeh Parvaresh","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.35856","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.35856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate patients with focal seizures, their clinical manifestations, and their response to treatment, then compared the accuracy of electroencephalography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to assess the cost-effectiveness of the latter.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>After selecting the appropriate individuals, the authors obtained the data by clinically evaluating the cases and interviewing them or their caretaker(s) on admission and the six-month follow-up visit. The researchers then analyzed the obtained data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most cases (88.4%) had idiopathic seizures. A positive family history of seizures was observed in eight cases (5.4%). Respectively, the occipital, frontal, and temporal lobes showed the highest frequency of abnormalities on electroencephalography, while periventricular leukomalacia was the highest abnormal MRI finding (4.1%). However, in 87.8% of cases, this modality's results were normal. No recurrence of seizures was observed in 116 cases (78.9%) on the six-month follow-up visit, pointing towards an appropriate response to treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While this study revealed that most had normal MRI, reporting an abnormality in electroencephalography was a more prevalent occurrence. This finding undermines the cost-effectiveness of the former modality, even though its importance in diagnosing the underlying abnormalities necessitates further studies regarding the subject at hand. Furthermore, the study of age groups showed that treatment response is less desirable in children under two years of age, suggesting more intense workups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/52/ijcn-17-043.PMC10448843.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face-to-face and Telespeech Therapy Services for Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Fatemeh Hassanati,&nbsp;Hoda Mowzoon,&nbsp;Farin Soleimani,&nbsp;Zahra Nobakht,&nbsp;Meroe Vameghi,&nbsp;Marzieh Takafolli","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i3.42084","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i3.42084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There has been increased interest in using telepractice in clinical services during COVID-19. Using telepractice is little known in speech and language therapy. However, the parents and speech therapists were satisfied with this method. Therefore, this scoping review aims to compare tele speech therapy and face-to-face speech therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the efficacy of available telepractices in speech therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This scoping review was according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. The authors systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases with specific eligibility criteria. The eligibility criteria were studies published from 1 January 2020 to 10 May 2023 from a peer-reviewed journal and written in English. In addition, the articles were about speech therapy in children during COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen articles were included in this scoping review. Results showed that approximately all speech therapists used tele practice during the pandemic. Parents and students are satisfied with this method but have problems with it. On the other hand, some parents and SLPs preferred tele practice accompanied by face-to-face intervention. Furthermore, few studies determined the efficacy of tele practice with clear structural methods in specific populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although tele speech therapy is acceptable for providing speech and language therapy services to children with swallowing and communication disorder, speech-language therapists should increase their information and technology to achieve successful results. Moreover, parents must play an essential role in telepractice services to facilitate effective communication between clinicians and families.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/04/ijcn-17-009.PMC10448841.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10110634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Prophylactic Effect of Levetiracetam, Sodium Valproate, and Propranolol in Pediatric Migraine: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Afshin Fayyazi, Nasrollah Pezeshki, Hosein Mansuri, Ali Khajeh","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.21330","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.21330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Epidemiologic studies point to an increased prevalence of migraine in children in recent decades. Migraine treatment involves acute and prophylactic therapy. Recently, such anti-epileptic drugs as Levetiracetam have been used to treat adult migraines. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of Levetiracetam, Sodium Valproate, and Propranolol in preventing migraine headaches in children.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In this clinical trial, children with migraine were randomly divided into three groups. Each group consisted of 13 children. Two groups were treated with Propranolol and Sodium Valproate, respectively. Another group (the case) was treated with Levetiracetam. The patients were assessed based on headache score, PedMIDAS, and headache frequency before and three months after the intervention. Finally, the data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Levetiracetam significantly reduced the headache severity (P=0.026), frequency (P=0.024), and PedMIDAS score (P=0.001) in children with migraine. However, no significant difference was found between the three groups. The percentage of patients who experienced pain relief was detected as 69.24%, 92.31%, and 30.76% in the Propranolol, Sodium Valproate, and Levetiracetam groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that Levetiracetam can be used as a migraine prophylaxis drug in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Independence Level of 4-6-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy in Activities of Daily Living.","authors":"Faeze Alvandi, Malek Amini, Narges Ghafarzadeh Namazi","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.37401","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.37401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Enhancing the independence of children with cerebral palsy in their daily activities can significantly alleviate caregiver stress and challenges, thereby improving the quality of life for caregivers.. This study aimed to identify the influential factors in the independence level of children with CP in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (self-care) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) (home participation).</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 116 children with different types of CP (61 boys and 55 girls) in the 4-6 age range and their parents were non-randomly selected through convenience sampling. The Iranian-Children Participation Questionnaire was used to measure the children's independence level in self-care activities and home participation. Several instruments, along with a demographic questionnaire, were used to assess personal factors, such as the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, Communication Function Classification System, SPARCLE (for determining children's cognitive level), and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. Eventually, the collected data were analyzed using stepwise linear regression..</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the level of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and the child's age had the most correlation with the independence level in self-care activities. Moreover, GMFCS, Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), cognitive level, and child's age were most associated with home participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Personal factors are more effective than environmental factors in determining the independence of children with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Involvement in Neuromuscular Diseases: A Review.","authors":"Ghamartaj Khanbabaee,&nbsp;Parvaneh Karim Zadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Nasehi,&nbsp;Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaii,&nbsp;Matin Pourghasem,&nbsp;Fariba Alaei,&nbsp;Saeed Sadr,&nbsp;Nazanin Farahbakhsh,&nbsp;Seyedeh Zalfa Modarresi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Khazaii,&nbsp;Maedeh Soflaee,&nbsp;Abdolhamid Taghizadeh Behbahani,&nbsp;Nafiseh Fadavi,&nbsp;Mahsa Pourghasem","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.40131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.40131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) affect muscle function directly or indirectly by affecting nerves or neuromuscular junctions. One of the leading causes of death in patients with NMD is respiratory muscle weakness (RMW). Respiratory involvement in patients with NMD can manifest widely, from mild failure that may initially affect only sleep to severe failure that can be life-threatening. Care approaches include arranged and precise clinical follow-ups of signs of sleep-disordered breathing, daytime hypoventilation, coughing, and swallowing disturbances<b>.</b> This manuscript will review the mechanisms and abnormalities of respiratory function in patients with NMD and help optimize NMD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/88/ijcn-17-9.PMC10114271.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Probiotics on Headaches in Children with Migraine Treated with Sodium Valproate: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Elham Bidabadi,&nbsp;Mitra Elyasi,&nbsp;Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad,&nbsp;Ehsan Kazemnezhad","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.40369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.40369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Migraine is one of the most common complaints in children. This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics (KidiLact) on headaches in children aged six to 15 years with migraine treated with sodium valproate.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on eighty children with migraine treated with sodium valproate. Patients were divided into two groups. All patients in the intervention and control groups received two sachets of probiotics and a placebo daily for four months, respectively. They were compared in terms of frequency and severity of headaches and painkiller consumption before and two and four months after initiating probiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean number of headaches in the second and third visits in the probiotic group was 1.27 and 1.18, and 2 and 1.50 per month in the placebo group, respectively. The authors observed a significant difference between the two groups in the second (P = 0.010) and the third visit (P = 0.019). Moreover, the mean severity of headache in the second and third visits in the probiotic group was 1.38 and 1.23, and 1.60 and 1.53 in the placebo group, respectively. The authors demonstrated that the daily consumption of painkillers in the probiotic group was significantly reduced compared to the placebo group (P = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using probiotic supplements seems to significantly affect the severity and frequency of migraine headaches compared to the placebo, and daily consumption of painkillers was significantly reduced in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/c5/ijcn-17-119.PMC10114277.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase in Children with Febrile Convulsions.","authors":"Elham Bidabadi,&nbsp;Leila Ahmadi Aliabadi,&nbsp;Mohammad-Javad Khosousi,&nbsp;Parham Mashouf,&nbsp;Tamkin Shahraki,&nbsp;Sepehr Tohidi,&nbsp;Tolou Hasandokht","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.38323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.38323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tissue damage caused by febrile convulsion has not still been proved or refuted completely. Given the fact that lactate dehydrogenase as an intracellular enzyme can be increased due to tissue damage, we decided to evaluate serum and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase in children with febrile convulsion.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study on 166 children aged 6-24 month, in three groups of simple febrile convulsion (n=56), complex febrile convulsion (n=27) with 3 different subgroups (recurrence in 24 hours, duration >15 minutes, and with focal components), and control (n=83). Patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected after meeting the inclusion criteria. Demographic information was documented and patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase and glucose were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The mean serum lactate dehydrogenase in simple febrile convulsion, complex febrile convulsion, and controls were 501.57± 143.70, 553.07±160.22, and 505.87±98.73 U/L, respectively. The mean cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase in simple, complex febrile convulsion, and control groups were 22.58±11.92, 29.48±18.18, and 21.56±17.32 U/L, respectively. Only cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase difference between complex febrile convulsion and control group (p=0.039) (In the duration >15 minutes subgroup and controls, p=0.028) was statistically significant. There was a significant difference between sex and serum lactate dehydrogenase in thesame subgroup of complex group (p=0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Complex febrile convulsion may lead to increase of lactate dehydrogenase in cns of CNS cellular damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/2b/ijcn-17-73.PMC9881834.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of new biomarkers in the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia.","authors":"Hassan Boskabadi,&nbsp;Maryam Zakerihamidi,&nbsp;Majid Ghayour Mobarhan,&nbsp;Fatemeh Bagheri,&nbsp;Ali Moradi,&nbsp;Mehran Beiraghi Toosi","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.38561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.38561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Precise and early diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia may improve outcomes. Recent studies aim to identify diagnostic biomarkers in neonates at risk for brain damage. The current study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of new biomarkers for neonatal asphyxia.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted with an available sampling of infants upper 35 weeks of gestational age, including neonates with asphyxia (case group) and healthy controls, 2014-2022, in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Data collection was performed utilizing a researcher-made questionnaire, including maternal and neonatal characteristics, as well as clinical and laboratory evaluation. Serum umbilical cord levels of interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1-beta (IL- 1β), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), as well as nucleated red blood cells count (NRBC), were determined. Data were analyzed by t-test, Chi-square, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The differences in variables IL6, IL1β, PAB, NRBC/100WBC, and HSP70 were statistically significant between the two groups (in all cases, P<0.0001). In the diagnosis of asphyxia, the most sensitive marker (89%) was IL1β more than 2.39 pg/ml and HSP 70 upper than 0.23 ng/ml, while IL6 was higher than 9pg/ml, determined as the most specific marker (85%). Furthermore, a combination of HSP + PAB and IL6 + lL1b + PAB + NRBC/100WBC possesses the prediction power of 93.2% and 87.3%, respectively, for diagnosing asphyxia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to data analysis, the combination of new biochemical markers (NRBC count, IL6, IL1β, PAB, and HSP 70) could be a reliable marker for diagnosing infants with asphyxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/20/ijcn-17-99.PMC9881829.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudotumor Cerebri Presenting by Neck Rigidity and Torticollis.","authors":"Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad,&nbsp;Vahid Aminzadeh","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.32415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.32415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is an uncommon disease in children. On-time diagnosis and treatment can prevent irreversible visual loss. Although headache is the most common complaint of children with this syndrome, the present case report reported a child with neck rigidity and torticollis, declined by the reduction of intracranial pressure. Despite the importance of torticollis and neck rigidity presented in various significant neurological disorders in need of thorough investigations, in the case of unexplained symptoms of those disorders, it is recommended to consider fundoscopic examinations for PTCS to prevent its vital complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/d4/ijcn-17-119.PMC9881831.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Involvements in COVID-19: A hospital-based study.","authors":"Hadi Montazerlotfelahi,&nbsp;Mahsa Norouzi,&nbsp;Forough Askarimoghaddam,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Hashemnejad,&nbsp;Niusha Bastan Sarabi,&nbsp;Mostafa Qorbani,&nbsp;Mahdieh Dehghani,&nbsp;Mahmoudreza Ashrafi,&nbsp;Keihan Mostafavi,&nbsp;Arsh Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush,&nbsp;Ali Nikkhah","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.36829","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.36829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the most challenging crisis in the contemporary world. Besides severe pulmonary involvement, the disease also has several extrapulmonary manifestations, and new signs and symptoms are associated with it every dayThe present study aimed to inquire about the frequency of neurological manifestations and risk factors of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This retrospective, descriptive study included patients with neurological involvement admitted to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences academic hospitals from March 2020 to July 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The data included in the analysis were the patient's demographic information, underlying diseases, neurological manifestations, and laboratory findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included ninety-five patients with a mean age of fifty-nine. Neurological symptoms and signs were observed in 91.6% and 10.5% of the patients, respectively. The most frequently associated neurological symptoms of COVID-19 were fatigue (49.5%), headache (47.4%), and dizziness (45.3%). Furthermore, the most common neurological involvements included gait disorders (6.3%), cerebellar dysfunction (4.2%), and cerebrovascular accidents (3.15%). Positive troponin was shown to be the strongest predictor of neurological signs (OR=21, P=0.017), followed by WBC≥15,000 (OR = 20.75, P=0.018) and a history of respiratory disease (OR=7.42, P=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neurological symptoms were observed in more than 91% of the patients, while neurological signs were present in 10.5% of the COVID-19 patients. Additionally, positive troponin, WBC≥15,000, and a history of respiratory disease were the strongest predictors of neurological signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/9d/ijcn-17-069.PMC10448850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}