Iranian Journal of Child Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Body Mass Index Changes in Children and Adolescents Treated with Methylphenidate for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Maryam Kousha, Samaneh Hasanpour Asli, Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi, Yasmin Shoar, Zohreh Shoar","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.38134","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.38134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity are major pediatric public health problems. The present study aimed to examine the association between these two health parties in our pediatric populations.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study is a single group retrospective cohort study about Body Mass Index (BMI) changes in 149 children and adolescents between 3-18 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD based on one child and adolescent psychiatrist interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria (DSM-IV-TR). All participants were treated with methylphenidate. Besides, they were reassessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Persian version (K-SADS-PL-P). Furthermore, the height, weight, and BMI of participants were calculated. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measures, and Wilks' lambda analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 8.2±2.6 years, and 71.8% were boys. The obtained results showed that those treated with methylphenidate for more extended periods had higher BMI increases (p <0.001). The change in BMI was not related to the age at the start of treatment (p = 0.125), but this index was significantly different based on the years under treatment (p = 0.002). Moreover, changes in BMI were not significant based on gender (p = 0.850), the type of ADHD specifiers (p= 0.686), and concomitant drugs (p = 0.783).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study's findings suggest that long-term use of ADHD medications could raise the risk of obesity in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GM1 and GM2-Gangliosidosis: Clinical Features, Neuroimaging Findings and Electroencephalography.","authors":"Parvaneh Karimzadeh, Masomeh Ebrahimi, Korosh Etemad, Farzad Ahmad Abadi, Zahra Hosseini Nezhad","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.40751","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.40751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Gangliosidosis is one of the hereditary metabolic diseases caused by the accumulation of Gangliosid in the central nervous system, leading to severe and progressive neurological deficits. Regarding phenotype, GM1 and GM2-Gangliosidosis are divided into Infantile, Juvenile, and Adult.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In this study, thirty-seven patients with GM1 and GM2-Gangliosidosis were referred to the neurology department of Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran, whose disease was confirmed from September 2019 to December 2021. This study assessed age, sex, and developmental status before the onset of the disease, clinical manifestations, brain imaging, and electroencephalography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>97.20% of patients were the result of family marriage. Approximately 80% of juvenile patients were developmentally normal before the onset of the disease. Developmental delay was more common among infantile GM1-Gangliosidosis than infantile GM2-Gangliosidosis, but in total, more than 50% of GM1&GM2-Gangliosidosis patients had reached their developmental milestone before the onset of the disease. With the onset of disease symptoms, 100% of patients regressed in terms of movement, 97.20% of them mentally, and 75% of them had seizures during the disease. The most common clinical findings were cherry-red spot, Mongolian spot, macrocephaly, organomegaly, hyperacusis, and scoliosis. The most common brain imaging findings included bilateral thalamus involvement, brain atrophy, PVL, and delayed myelination. The most common finding in electroencephalography was background low voltage with abnormal sharp waves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that most of the patients are the result of family marriage, and most of the juvenile patients are developmentally normal before the onset of the disease. In addition, more than 50% of infantile patients reach their developmental milestones before the onset of the disease. The most common clinical findings of these patients are seizures, cherry-red spot, macrocephaly, hyperacusis, Mongolian spot, and bilateral involvement of the thalamus.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorders in Calabar, Nigeria.","authors":"Chimaeze Torty, Komomo Eyong, Asindi Asindi A, Edet Usun","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.41744","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.41744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is prevalent worldwide. The incidence of autism has increased worldwide. However, there is a dearth of data in sub-Saharan Africa. The study is aimed at determining the clinical and socio-developmental profile of children with ASD in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study is a six-year retrospective review of the medical records of children who presented with clinical autism diagnoses at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Relevant data were extracted from the medical records of those who met the diagnostic criteria. Descriptive statistics were presented in proportions, percentages, and tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1806 children with neurological disorders seen in the clinic within the study period, twenty-eight were found to have symptoms of autism based on the American Psychiatric Association›s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V (DSM -5) criteria, giving a prevalence of 1.6%. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.8 ±1.4 (range 2 to 10) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. About two-thirds of the children diagnosed were older than three years. Seven percent of the children had siblings with autism, 53.5% of children with autism in the study had hyperactivity as comorbidity, while seizures were found in 7% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><b>The prevalence of ASD among children seen in Calabar is 1.6%. Hyperactivity, mental retardation, and seizure disorders are associated comorbidities in the study. Late presentation</b> <b>is a common feature in this facility. Thus, increasing awareness is essential to enhance early recognition, timely diagnosis, and appropriate intervention.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 3","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining the Parenting Styles of Epileptic Children: A Content Analysis.","authors":"Simin Tahmasbi, Fereshteh Aein","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.39664","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.39664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Understanding the parenting practices of parents of children with epilepsy can be a practical guide for care and education planners to prevent mental disorders in these children. This study aimed to explain the parenting practices of parents of children with epilepsy in Shahrekord.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis. Participants in the study consisted of 20 mothers with epileptic children in Shahrekord, who were included in the study by purposive sampling method with maximum variance in terms of child age, number of family children, and child sex. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview using the interview guide. Data analysis was performed using a conventional content analysis at the same time as data collection. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study revealed five main themes in discipline methods, including over-support / over-protection, forcing to support, rejecting, parental conflict in discipline methods, and using harmful discipline methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the experiences of mothers in the present study show that using inappropriate discipline methods can have adverse effects on the mental-emotional and social health of the child in the future and raise the need to design educational interventions to empower parents of epileptic children in coping with parenting stress effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 3","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Aseptic Meningitis in Children.","authors":"Banafsheh Arad, Hossein Farshad Moghadam, Mehri Jamshidi, Zahra Pirzadeh","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.40219","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.40219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Viruses are the most common infectious causes of aseptic meningitis (AM). After the COVID-19 pandemic, AM following the COVID-19 disease and its different vaccines were reported. This study compares some characteristics of patients with AM before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed patients' demographic and laboratory data (one month to 14 years old) with AM from March 2018 to March 2022. The first period involves two years before the COVID-19 outbreak (March 2018 to March 2020). The second period starts with the COVID-19 pandemic (from March 2020 until March 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant decrease was observed in the frequency of patients admitted with AM after the COVID-19 pandemic in the referral children's hospital in Qazvin. The incidence of AM in children older than five decreased significantly, and as a result, the average age of patients with this diagnosis decreased, too. A meaningful decline in the prevalence of AM in the summer and fall seasons has been observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After the COVID-19 outbreak, the incidence of AM in children significantly decreased. Implementing the hygienic recommendations for inhibiting COVID-19 virus transmission also protected children from the spread of other viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 3","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Seizure in Childhood Shigellosis.","authors":"Abolfazl Mahyar, Shifteh Mahyar, Sonia Oveisi, Bahman Khajeh, Khatereh Khamenehpour, Victoria Chegini, Reza Dalirani, Mojgan Enadi, Shiva Esmaeili","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.43652","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.43652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Shigellosis is one of the common causes of bacterial diarrhea in children. Seizures are common in shigellosis. It is essential to identify the risk factors of seizure in this disease.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 224 children with shigellosis. The patients were divided into: With (case groups = 63 cases) and without seizures (control group = 161 cases). Groups were compared regarding different variables such as age, gender, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings. Data analysis was done using statistical tests and SPSS software. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of seizures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 224 cases of children with shigellosis, 107 (47.8%) were male and 117 (52.2%) female. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, history of febrile convulsions, frequency of bloody diarrhea, frequency of fever, duration of diarrhea before hospitalization, abdominal pain, increase in BUN, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and red blood cell count in stool (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that a history of febrile seizure, fever, and hyponatremia are the risk factors for seizures in shigellosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that a history of febrile seizure, fever, and hyponatremia are risk factors for seizure in childhood shigellosis, thus rapid diagnosis and treatment of childhood shigellosis with risk factors is very important.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on M1 with and without Mirror Visual Feedback on Range of Motion and Hand Grip Strength of the Affected Upper Limb in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Pegah Farzamfar, Ali Heirani, Ehsan Amiri, Mustafa Sedighi, Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado","doi":"10.22037/IJCN.V18I4.45110","DOIUrl":"10.22037/IJCN.V18I4.45110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) before and during the mirror visual feedback (MVF) on hand grip strength (HGS) and range of motion of the affected hand in children with spastic hemiplegia cerebral palsy (SHCP).</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Twelve children with SHCP participated in this randomized, crossover, and double-blind study. They were randomly exposed to one of four intervention conditions, including 1) a-tDCS-offline, 2) s-tDCS-offline, 3) a-tDCS-online, and 4) s-tDCS-online, with a one-week interval. Participants in the online condition received either anodal or sham tDCS during MVF, while those in the offline condition received tDCS before performing MVF. The tDCS was applied over the M1 area of the affected hemisphere for 20 minutes at 1 mA intensity. The HGS and range of motion of the wrist and elbow (ROM-W and ROM-E) of the affected limb were measured before (pre) and immediately after (post) interventions in each session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the HGS was significantly higher under a-tDCS-offline (<i>p=0.001</i>), s-tDCS-offline (<i>p=0.004</i>), and s-tDCS-online (<i>p=0.005</i>) compared to the a-tDCS-online. Moreover, the ROM-W was significantly higher under a-tDCS-offline (<i>p=0.034</i>), s-tDCS-offline (0.011), and s-tDCS-online (<i>p=0.027</i>) compared to the a-tDCS-online. Eventually, the ROM-E was significantly higher under a-tDCS-offline, s-tDCS-offline, and s-tDCS-online compared to the a-tDCS-online (<i>p</i> <i>˂0.001;</i> <i>p</i> <i>˂0.001;</i> <i>p=0.01</i>, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results might have practical implications regarding the timing of the application of tDCS in conjunction with MVF in children with SHCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 4","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literature Review of the Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Epilepsy.","authors":"Hassan Tavakoli,&nbsp;Arsalan Heidarpanah","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.38752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.38752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), often recognized as a safe and tolerable method with promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders, has been extensively studied by medical engineering scientists in recent decades. Epilepsy has always been one of the vital foci in the therapeutic role of rTMS, especially its low-frequency type. However, various reports, clinical trials, and review articles published in recent years have yielded conflicting results regarding the efficacy and side effects of rTMS in patients. In this review article, reviewing studies published from January 2000 to October 2021, we examined the efficacy and side effects of rTMS with a specific look at its therapeutic applications in epilepsy. Our study indicates promising results in the clinical application of this technique for patients with epilepsy. Among other things, it has the ability to reduce interictal epileptic abnormalities, does not interfere with neuropsychological function in normal people, does not worsen cognitive function and even improves Stroop function, rarely has serious side effects such as seizures and psychotic symptoms, has low risk in children as adults, and has potential for improving suicidal ideation. Despite some limitations in this study, including the small number of studies performed and the heterogeneity among studies, this review article suggests significant rtMS potentials in improving the complications of epilepsy. Our review also showed that the reported side effects of using this technique are not very common. Therefore, we can recommend further use of this technique as a promising tool in clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 1","pages":"9-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/70/ijcn-17-9.PMC9881833.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Stroke in the Southern Region of Iran: A Retrospective Prognostic Cohort Study.","authors":"Hamid Nemati,&nbsp;Leila Behrad,&nbsp;Hossein Esmaeil Zadeh,&nbsp;Nima Mahdizadegan,&nbsp;Mohammad Paktinat","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.30179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.30179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childhood stroke is linked to high personal costs for affected children and their families since more than half of the survivors are impaired for a long time, hampering their normal development and lifestyle. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the neurological developmental outcomes of children admitted to Namazi hospital, Shiraz, Iran, for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke with a five-year follow-up. Ma a retrospective cohort study on children admitted to Namazi Hospital due to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke during the past three years (2012-2015). The information was collected by reviewing the medical records and clinically visiting the patients on follow-up. The SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials & method: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study on children admitted to Namazi hospital due to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke during past three years (2012-2015). The information was collected by reviewing the medical records and clinically visiting the patients at the time of follow up. The SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis Settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients' mean age at the time of stroke was 6.87 ± 4.60 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.5 ± 1.64 years. 53.1% of the children (N=17) were diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke, and 46.9% (N=15) with ischemic stroke. The most frequent symptoms first presented by the study population were a decrease in the level of consciousness (LOC) (40.6%), headaches (37.5 %), and hand/arm/leg weakness (34.4%), respectively. The number of patients in the poor.and severe outcome group was 73.3% in the ischemic and 52.9% in the hemorrhagic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hemorrhagic stroke was slightly more frequent than ischemic stroke, and stroke was more frequent in boys. A decrease in LOC and headaches were the most common symptoms upon admission. The left sensorimotor area was the most involved in both ischemic and hemorrhagic groups. In addition, trauma was the most common cause of stroke in this study population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 1","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/dc/ijcn-17-55.PMC9881825.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking Ability, Participation, and Quality of Life in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Path Analysis Study.","authors":"Roshank Vameghi,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Hoseini,&nbsp;Samira Heydarian,&nbsp;Hossein Azadeh,&nbsp;Masoud Gharib","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.34924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.34924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to design a conceptual model for the effect of various factors on walking ability, participation, and quality of life in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) and test it based on field data using path analysis<b>.</b></p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was performed on 181 children with SDCP. The following were used to measure each of the variables: the Modified Ashworth Scale, the Micro Manual Muscle Tester, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the Boyd and Graham test, the goniometer, weight and height, the Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Life Habits Questionnaire, and cerebral palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children. The structural model was tested in Amos 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All paths of the proposed model were significant (P <0.05). Among evaluated variables, muscle strength (B = -0.466), balance (B = 0.326), and spasticity (B = 0.143) affected walking ability. Moreover, as an intermediate factor, walking ability affected the subjects' participation (B = -0.819) and quality of life (B = -0.183).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Muscle strength, balance, and spasticity are the most influential factors in the walking ability of children with SDCP. Furthermore, walking ability and participation are two critical factors in promoting the quality of life of these children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"17 2","pages":"75-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/64/ijcn-17-75.PMC10114265.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}