Iranian Endodontic Journal最新文献

{"title":"Association between Apical Periodontitis and Chronic Diseases: An Umbrella Review.","authors":"Karem Paula Pinto,&nbsp;Gabriella Serrão,&nbsp;Cláudio Malizia Alves Ferreira,&nbsp;Luciana Moura Sassone,&nbsp;Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo,&nbsp;Emmanuel J N L Silva","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i3.42560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v18i3.42560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated the association between apical periodontitis (AP) and chronic diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Open Grey. SRs that evaluated the association between any chronic disease and AP, and that had performed a valid risk of bias assessment were included. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used for quality assessment and each included systematic review received a final categorization as having \"high\", \"moderate\", \"low\", or \"critically low\" quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. The diseases investigated were cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, HIV, osteoporosis, chronic liver disease, blood disorders and autoimmune diseases. The systematic reviews included in this umbrella review showed a 'low' to 'high' quality of evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are substantial heterogeneity and several methodological concerns in the included studies. It was observed a positive association between diabetes mellitus and apical periodontitis with limited evidence, no association between HIV and apical periodontitis and a positive association between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, blood disorders, chronic liver disease, osteoporosis and autoimmune diseases with moderate evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/52/IEJ-18-134.PMC10329764.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9813392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Clinical Symptoms and Histological Features of Molars with Acute Pulpitis.","authors":"Mahsa Dastpak,&nbsp;Jamileh Ghoddusi,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Jafarian,&nbsp;Majid Sarmad","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i2.37023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v18i2.37023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diagnosis of dental pulp status on the basis of clinical signs in many cases helps clinicians to better resolve patient problems. Various studies have shown no correlation between clinical and histologic findings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between clinical findings and histological features in extracted decayed teeth with acute pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred permanent cavitated human teeth with mature apices and pulpitis, which were extracted for reasons not related to the present study, were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. After tooth extraction, 5 micron-thick slices were prepared for microscopic assessment. General pathologist evaluated reactions to stimuli in all areas of the pulp tissue under a light microscope. When present, inflammation was classified according to the type and spread of cell detected and other histological findings, such as abscess formation, pulp stones, and pulpal fibrosis, were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant associations between pain characteristics, such as pain type and duration, and histological status. Acute inflammation, severe chronic inflammation, and liquefactive necrosis increased with pain severity. Various histological sections showed the absence of pulpal inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a good agreement of patients' pain histories and pain characteristics with histological pulp status. Thus, the use of specified CHARTs and SCALEs that help patients provide the most accurate responses to questions about pain would aid the diagnosis of pulp status. In cases with an accurate pulpal diagnosis, the clinicians can manage pulpal protection when it is possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"91-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/ce/IEJ-18-91.PMC10155101.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9485718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the Nomenclature of Irreversible Pulpitis: A Call for Change.","authors":"Mohammad Jafar Eghbal,&nbsp;Saeed Asgary","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i4.43217","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v18i4.43217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/5c/IEJ-18-193.PMC10566002.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endodontic and Surgical Management of an Invasive Cervical Resorption in a Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case Report.","authors":"Marina da Cunha Isaltino,&nbsp;Camila da Silva Souza,&nbsp;Natália Gomes de Oliveira,&nbsp;Paulo Maurício Reis de Melo Júnior,&nbsp;Christianne Tavares Velozo Telles,&nbsp;Diana Santana de Albuquerque","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i3.41385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v18i3.41385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aims to report a case of invasive cervical resorption in a maxillary left central incisor with a history of dental trauma. After thorough clinical and tomographic evaluations, cervical cavitation, an irregularity in the gingival contour and crown discoloration were observed. Furthermore, presence of an extensive and well-defined area of invasive cervical resorption with pulp communication was discovered. The suggested diagnosis was asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The resorption area was treated with the complete removal of granulation tissue, sealed with light-curing glass ionomer cement. Then, the chemo-mechanical preparation and obturation of the root canal were performed. After two years of clinical follow-up and cone-beam computed tomography examination, there were no clinical signs and symptoms, the filling of the resorption area remained intact, and no hypodense image in the cervical region of tooth #21 could be detected. The management reported in this case presented a possible viable treatment for invasive cervical resorption, provided that correct diagnosis is made.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"168-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/d3/IEJ-18-168.PMC10329763.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9813387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of White Chicken Eggshell Powder on Compressive Strength, Water Solubility, and Setting Time of Calcium-Enriched Mixture.","authors":"Mahdi Sedigh-Shams,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Nabavizadeh,&nbsp;Elham Jafari","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i3.39798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v18i3.39798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding chicken eggshell powder (CESP) to calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement on its compressive strength (CS), solubility, and setting time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, CESP was added at weight percentages of 3% and 5% to the powder component of the CEM cement. To measure the CS, a total of 36 samples (height, 6 mm; diameter, 4 mm) were tested in a universal testing machine. The setting time was assessed for 18 disk-shaped samples (diameter, 10 mm; height, 1 mm). Additionally, solubility test was performed on 18 samples (diameter, 8 mm; height, 1 mm) after 24 hours, 72 hours, seven days, and 14 days under dehydration conditions by calculating the weight changes; the results were then subjected to a normality test. Next, for the comparison of different test groups, parametric ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test were performed at a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The addition of 5% CESP to the CEM cement significantly reduced its setting time and water solubility (<i>P</i>=0.02 and <i>P</i>=0.01, respectively). Moreover, it significantly increased the CS over a 21-day period (<i>P</i><0.001). Additionally, the addition of 3% CESP also resulted in a significant increase in CS (<i>P</i><0.001). While 3% CESP reduced setting time and water solubility, the difference was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that the addition of 5% CESP to CEM cement has the potential to improve its sealing ability, durability, and ability to withstand chewing forces in endodontic treatments. These results highlight the relevance of CESP as an additive for cement modifications and indicate its potential clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/a6/IEJ-18-152.PMC10329759.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10190114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Efficacy of Polymer-Coated Ceramic Microparticles Loaded with a Modified Combination of Antibiotics on the <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilm.","authors":"Nazanin Zargar,&nbsp;Ardavan Parhizkar,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Nasiri,&nbsp;Sara Saedi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i2.33041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v18i2.33041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nano-technology applied for the local delivery of different agents and/or drugs has made its path to endodontics. In the current study, the antibacterial efficacy of biopolymer-coated ceramic microparticles loaded with a modified combination of triple antibiotics, i.e. Penicillin G, Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin (PMC), was evaluated against two strains of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E</i>.<i>faecalis</i>); a standard clinical strain obtained from previously root-filled teeth with persistent periapical lesions, and compared to the most common antimicrobials used in endodontics.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>After synthesis of the polymer-coated microparticles loaded with antibiotics, the 21-day release of antibiotics were evaluated and a stock solution was produced using the maximum released amount of drugs and distilled water. The antibacterial activity of PMC, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), calcium hydroxide (CH), chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against two bacterial strains was determined using \"Minimum Inhibitory Concentration\" and \"Agar Diffusion Test\". Additionally, \"Microtiter Plate Assay\" was performed to assess anti-biofilm properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Minimum inhibitory concentration values reported for TAP and PMC were 1/256. PMC showed the maximum diameter of growth inhibition in both strains (33 mm and 35 mm), while CH had the minimum diameters (13 mm and13 mm). Based on microtiter plate assay, TAP showed higher biofilm formation than PMC. Biofilm formation was higher in the standard strain for PMC; however, NaOCl, CHX and CH completely inhibited biofilm formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that PMC and TAP were the most effective medicaments against <i>E</i>.<i>faecalis</i> in its planktonic form; however, none could inhibit its biofilm formation. Further studies using larger sample size and \"Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy\" are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/ab/IEJ-18-85.PMC10155106.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9784067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Silver Nanoparticles of Herbal Origin on the Compressive and Push-out Bond Strengths of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate.","authors":"Mohammad Samiei,&nbsp;Khosro Adibkia,&nbsp;Negin Ghasemi,&nbsp;Ayda Tupal,&nbsp;Seraj Mohaghegh","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i3.31364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v18i3.31364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this <i>in vitro</i> study was to investigate the effect of incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of herbal origin into mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the push-out bond strength (PBS) and compressive strength (CS) in simulated furcal area perforations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this <i>in vitro</i> study, simulated furcal area perforations (1.3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) were created in 40 extracted human lower molar teeth, which were divided into two groups (<i>n</i>=20): MTA alone and MTA combined with AgNPs (2% wt). Using a universal testing machine, PBS was evaluated by performing push-out tests, while CS was assessed using cylindrical specimens. The normal distribution of data was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CS results showed no significant difference between the MTA group at 4 and 21 days (<i>P</i>=0.297), but a significant difference was observed in the nanosilver/MTA group (<i>P</i>=0.013). However, there was no significant difference in the push-out bond strength among the study groups (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incorporation of herbal origin silver nanoparticles did not significantly affect the PBS or CS of MTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/9b/IEJ-18-159.PMC10329756.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9803480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Highly Cited Published Articles in the Iranian Endodontic Journal: A Reflection of Trends in Endodontic Research.","authors":"Mohammad Jafar Eghbal, Ardavan Parhizkar","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i2.42524","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v18i2.42524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Highly cited published articles play a critical role in shaping clinical practice, research directions, and advancements in a specific field of science. The current comprehensive scoping review aimed to provide an overview of highly cited articles published in the \"Iranian Endodontic Journal\" (<i>IEJ</i>), based on the <i>IEJ</i>'s H-index (=29); highlighting their key findings and prominent implications in the field of endodontics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in Scopus database to identify the top 29 highly cited published articles. The articles were selected based on their citation count (h-index); reflecting their impact and influence within the scientific community. Data extraction was performed to gather relevant information; including authors, titles, publication years, and the main topic(s) of each article.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The selected highly cited published articles covered a broad range of endodontic topics; demonstrating the diversity and depth of research in the field. Key findings include significant contributions in vital pulp therapy, antimicrobial agents, root canal disinfection, regenerative techniques, cone-beam computed tomography applications, and intracanal medicaments. The distribution of research areas reflects the importance of evidence-based practice in clinical decision-making and patient care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These highly cited published articles have shown to have substantial impact on the field of endodontics. They have influenced clinical practice, guided research directions, and have improved patient care. The summary of key findings from each topic and the number of articles related to each area can provide readers with valuable insights into the distribution of research areas, and the significance of contributions made by the aforementioned highly cited published articles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/ac/IEJ-18-126.PMC10329766.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10190111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on the Differentiation of Permanent Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Odontoblasts.","authors":"Saeed Rahimi,&nbsp;Mahnaz Ahrabi,&nbsp;Mohammad Samiei,&nbsp;Leila Roshangar,&nbsp;Behnaz Ahrabi,&nbsp;Behnam Hashemi,&nbsp;Shahriar Shahi,&nbsp;Naghmeh Rahimi Darehchi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i4.39349","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v18i4.39349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exposure to pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been revealed to affect the differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp multipotent stromal stem cells (DP-MSCs). This study aimed to investigate the differentiation effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the DP-MSC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>PEMF was produced by a system comprising a multi-meter autotransformer, solenoid coils, and teslameter. This study included 10 groups of DP-MSCs which underwent different electromagnetic radiation time and beam intensity. Three samples tested for each group. The effect of PEMF with the intensity of 0.5 and 1 mT (mili Tesla) and 50 Hz on the proliferation rate of DP-MSC was evaluated at 20 and 40 minutes per day for seven days. MTT assay was applied to determine the growth and proliferation of DP-MSC. Gene expression of DMP1 for differentiation of DPSCs to odontoblasts was confirmed by Real Time PCR., ANOVA statistical analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survival in all exposure groups was significantly higher than that in control except in the group of 40 minutes, 1 mT (<i>P</i><0.05). In 20 minutes, 0.5 mT exposure, the survival intensity is significantly more than others (<i>P</i><0.05). In general, the intensity of survival was recorded, 20, 0.5 mT≥20, 1 mT≥40, 0.5 mT≥40, 1 mT respectively. Therefore, according to the obtained results, ELF-EMF increases the survival of cells except for one case (40 minutes, 1 mT), even though the effective underlying mechanisms in this process are still unclear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results obtained promise that in the future, by placing an important part of the pulp next to the electromagnetic field, the lost part of the pulp can be reconstructed and the dentin barrier can be created.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"218-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/bd/IEJ-18-218.PMC10565999.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endodontic Management of Maxillary Central Incisor with Two Roots, and Lateral Incisor with a C-shaped Canal; A Case Report.","authors":"Mageshwari Mahadevan,&nbsp;Benin Paulaian,&nbsp;Santhakumari Madhavankutty Ravisankar,&nbsp;Alexander Arvind Kumar,&nbsp;Neelamani Jaya Nagaraj","doi":"10.22037/iej.v18i2.38146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v18i2.38146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The knowledge of anatomical variations in the morphology of root canal systems can affect the successful diagnosis to deliver proper endodontic treatment. The current case report enlightens the endodontic management of an anomalous maxillary left central incisor with two roots/root canals, a C-shaped root canal configuration in a maxillary left lateral incisor identified by three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography imaging as well as the successful aesthetic rehabilitation of maxillary fractured incisors. The chief complaint of patient was a history of trauma during his outdoor play and consequent broken upper front teeth. Tooth #9 was diagnosed with pulpal necrosis accompanied by asymptomatic apical periodontitis with two relatively dilacerated roots while the maxillary left lateral incisor (tooth #10) was diagnosed with necrotic pulp and asymptomatic apical periodontitis having a C-shaped canal. Endodontic treatment for teeth #9 and #10 were performed, followed by post and core fabrication. Tooth reinforcement was achieved with prefabricated un-polymerized glass fiber post for lateral incisor and Interlig Fiber for central incisor. Intentional root canal treatment of tooth #8 was considered to reduce labial inclination. The anomalous maxillary central incisor with two roots is an unexpected variant during endodontic treatment, and the presence of C-shaped canal in lateral incisors is extremely rare requiring careful diagnosis with radiographs, clinical examination along with additional aids; <i>e.g.</i> Three-dimensional (3-D) cone-beam computed tomography. 3-D imaging has added the advantages of appropriate identification of anomalous anterior teeth and careful location of additional root canal(s) during endodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/8d/IEJ-18-104.PMC10155102.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9485715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}