International Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 mitigates acute lung injury via immunostaining of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and reduction of IL-17 in lung tissue.","authors":"Giovanna Pinheiro Martins, João Pedro S Cândido, Rubens da Silva Araújo, Jannerson Cesar Xavier de Pontes, Rachel Passos Rezende, Carla Cristina Romano, Adailson de Souza Assunção, Daniele Idalino Janebro, Janeusa Trindade de Souto, Wallace Felipe Blohem Pessoa, Adriano Francisco Alves","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00853-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00853-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition that compromises the lungs and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. In the absence of effective therapeutic options, the search for alternative treatments, such as probiotics, has intensified.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 (Lp62), administered orally in a murine ALI model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty male Swiss mice (N = 30) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): negative control, healthy supplemented with Lp62 (Lp62), ALI, ALI supplemented with Lp62 (ALI+Lp62), and ALI treated with Dexamethasone (Dexa). Lp62 (10⁹ CFU/mL) was administered daily by oral gavage for one week. ALI was induced by intranasal instillation of LPS under anesthesia. Lungs were collected 24 h later for macroscopic examination. Histological evaluation used hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry included anti-TLR4, anti-NF-κB, and anti-IL-17 antibodies. Total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by the Biuret method, and IL-1β by ELISA. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lp62 reduced cell migration, protein exudation, and IL-1β release in BALF, as well as macroscopic lung lesions, and attenuated histological inflammatory infiltration, increasing alveolar spaces. It also decreased TLR4, NF-κB, and IL-17 activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 is a promising therapeutic approach for ALI by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and reducing neutrophil recruitment via IL-17-mediated signaling in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1329-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient cyanide degradation by Aspergillus welwitschiae LOT1 isolated from industrial waste.","authors":"Olusola T Lawal, Samuel T Osunpidan, David M Sanni","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00824-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00824-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanide is a potent cytotoxin and neurotoxin largely derived from anthropogenic activities and can accumulate in the environment through industrial wastewater, posing serious ecological and health risks. This study evaluated the cyanide degradation capacity of intact Aspergillus welwitschiae LOT1 biomass under varying physicochemical and nutritional conditions. Cyanide degradation refers to the biochemical breakdown of cyanide into simpler compounds, whereas detoxification describes the conversion of cyanide into less toxic metabolites. Cyanide removal by A. welwitschiae LOT1 was influenced by pH, temperature, substrate concentration, inoculum size, and co-metabolites, with optimal degradation occurring at pH 12 (~ 80% efficiency), 50 °C (~ 36%), and an initial cyanide concentration of 60 mM (~ 75%). Agricultural wastes, particularly corn stalk, enhanced degradation efficiency (~ 84%) compared with refined sugars, while the combination of 40 mM cyanide and 40 mM glucose produced approximately 85% degradation. HPLC analysis confirmed substantial cyanide removal and detected formamide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide as detoxification products, supporting an enzymatic transformation pathway. Although alkaline conditions may contribute to abiotic cyanide loss, enhanced removal in inoculated cultures suggests biological involvement. Future studies should focus on the molecular characterisation of degradation enzymes and on the evaluation of A. welwitschiae LOT1 in pilot-scale and field-based bioremediation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma erinaceum It-58 and T. afroharzianum P-8 against Neoscytalidium sp., the pathogen responsible for root rot in cucumber (Cucumis sativus).","authors":"Moïse Ntah A Ayong, Marie Amperes Boat Bedine, Victor Davy Moussango, Henri Tibo Ambata Ambata, Georges JuniorChakoua, Severin Nguemezi Tchameni, Modeste Lambert Sameza, Wansi Jean Duplex","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00834-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00834-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green agricultural development requires safe, effective, and environmentally friendly plant disease control measures. This study evaluated the antagonistic properties of Trichoderma erinaceum It-58 and Trichoderma afroharzianum P-8 against Neoscytalidium sp., as well as their ability to promote growth and induce biochemical resistance in cucumber seedlings. The pathogen responsible for both cucumber fruit rot and seed damping off was isolated and identified morphologically. The antagonistic potential of the Trichoderma strains was assessed using dual culture, volatile, and non-volatile organic compound methods. For pot experiments, seeds coated with antagonists were pre-germinated and transplanted. Twenty-one days later, roots were infected with the pathogen. Fifteen days post-infection, seedlings were harvested to evaluate growth parameters (height, biomass, and diameter) and biochemical parameters (polyphenols, proteins, peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases). The pathogen was identified as Neoscytalidium sp.. In dual culture, T. erinaceum and T. afroharzanium inhibited the pathogen by 74.36% and 68.20%, respectively. Diffusible non-volatile substances showed even greater inhibition of mycelial growth at 71% (T. erinaceum) and 97% (T. afroharzanium). No inhibition was observed with volatile organic compounds. In pot experiments, both antagonists significantly stimulated plant growth parameters and reduced disease incidence (16.67% for T. afroharzianum, 33.33% for T. erinaceum). They induced a significant increase in polyphenol content while significantly decreasing peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in treated and infected plants compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between disease incidence, polyphenol content, and peroxidase activity, and a negative correlation with polyphenol oxidase. Thus, T. erinaceum and T. afroharzanium can effectively promote cucumber growth and prevent seedling wilt caused by Neoscytalidium sp.. However, molecular identification of the pathogen and field trial are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1397-1410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing 3-hydroxybenzoate-4-hydroxylase from Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3 via In-Cell NMR analysis and molecular cloning.","authors":"Stamatia Asimakoula, Alexandra Primikyri, Epameinondas Tsagogiannis, Anna-Irini Koukkou","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00856-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00856-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims at the functional and kinetic characterization of 3-Hydroxybenzoate-4-Hydroxylase (3HB4H) from Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3. Bioinformatic sequence and structural analyses suggested that Asphe3_36590 gene encodes a putative 3HB4H, a finding supported by transcriptional data of a ~ 2000-fold induction when Sphe3 cells were grown on 3-Hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA) compared to glucose. The recombinant 3HB4H is highly specific for 3-HBA and follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with Km and Vmax values of 72.6 µM and 42.5 µM × min^- 1, respectively, at pH 8.5 and 25 ◦C. It accepts both NADH and NADPH as cofactors and primarily hydroxylates 3-HBA to protocatechuate (PCA), while also converting 4-Hydroxybenzoate and gentisic acid. Combining heterologous expression with in-cell NMR using living Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells overexpressing 3HB4H, demonstrated that 3HB4H encoded by Asphe3_36590 gene catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-HBA. Real-time NMR revealed rapid intracellular conversion of 3-HBA to PCA, providing direct functional validation of the enzyme in a living cellular environment. Sphe3 3HB4H represents the first biochemically characterized single-subunit FAD-depended hydroxylase (monooxygenase) in Actinobacteria. Furthermore, these findings highlight the exceptional power of in-cell NMR to capture enzymatic activity non-invasively, allowing direct observation of substrate consumption and PCA formation without the need for derivatization or chromatographic separation. This approach offers a powerful platform for investigating enzymatic activity and metabolic transformations in living cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1379-1395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148329942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dodonaea viscosa-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-virulence activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Aws Nasser, Khalid H Alobaidi, Jameel R Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00874-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00874-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of healthcare-associated mortality, with multidrug resistance and biofilm formation limiting treatment options. Anti-virulence strategies targeting adhesin gene expression offer a promising alternative, yet the ability of green-synthesised ZnO-NPs to suppress MRSA virulence remains underexplored. In this study, ZnO-NPs were synthesised using Dodonaea viscosa leaf extract, with D-Fructose-3-O-methyl identified as the dominant phytochemical. Nanoparticles were characterised by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and AFM. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities were evaluated against a clinically isolated MDR MRSA strain (VITEK 2 confirmed; resistant to 15 antibiotic agents) using MIC determination and crystal violet microplate biofilm assay. Virulence gene expression (fnbA, cna) was quantified by RT-qPCR using the 2⁻ΔΔCt method with 16 S rRNA as a reference gene. ZnO-NPs exhibited a characteristic UV absorption at 321 nm and an AFM mean diameter of 34.95 nm. EDS confirmed Zn (28.94%) and O (22.54%) as principal elements, with residual C and Cl attributable to phytochemical surface capping and precursor, respectively. The MIC of ZnO-NPs against MRSA was 4.312 mg/mL - a 7.5-fold improvement over crude D. viscosa extract (32.25 mg/mL). Anti-biofilm inhibition reached 41% and 58% for two clinical isolates at sub-MIC concentrations. RT-qPCR revealed significant downregulation of fnbA (fold change 0.37; 63.4% reduction) and cna (fold change 0.46; 54.0% reduction) relative to untreated controls. These findings demonstrate that D. viscosa-mediated ZnO-NPs combine direct antibacterial activity with transcriptional suppression of MRSA adhesin-encoding virulence genes at sub-lethal concentrations, offering a promising anti-virulence platform with reduced potential for resistance selection compared with conventional bactericidal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of acid sulfate purple nonsulfur bacteria for mitigating methane emissions from paddy soils in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.","authors":"Phan Thi Ngoc Nhanh, Tran Chi Nhan, Mai Chi Bao, Le Thanh Quang, Le Thi My Thu, Nguyen Duc Trong, Tran Trong Khoi Nguyen, Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan, Do Thi Xuan, Nguyen Trong Hong Phuc, Nguyen Quoc Khuong","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00883-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00883-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In lowland rice cultivation, climate change is increasingly intensified by rising greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane (CH₄). This study aimed to: (i) isolate and select acid sulfate-tolerant purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) capable of nutrient provision; and (ii) screen and identify PNSB strains that reduce CH₄ emissions. A total of 60 soil and 60 water samples were collected from four acid sulfate rice-growing areas in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. From these, 118 PNSB strains were isolated, and 100 were selected based on their acid-sulfate tolerance, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Among them, strains WHA-1A, WHA-9B, and SPL-4A exhibited the greatest CH₄ emission reduction under both microaerobic light (17.1-61.3%) and aerobic dark (48.2-75.2%) conditions. These strains also demonstrated nitrogen fixation (21.5-22.9 and 19.4-31.4 mg L^- 1), solubilization of three insoluble phosphate forms-Fe-P, Al-P, and Ca-P for both conditions (21.9-29.6 and 11.9-14.8 mg L^- 1; 8.12-15.1 and 19.0-30.2 mg L^- 1; 12.5-27.0 and 18.5-31.4 mg L^- 1, respectively), and IAA production (0.34-1.91 and 2.24-6.28 mg L^- 1). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, two strains WHA-1A and SPL-4A were identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and WHA-9B was identified as Blastochloris sulfoviridis. These strains show promise for mitigating CH₄ emissions and improving rice growth in acid sulfate soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-resilient endophytic bacteria from mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) with biocontrol and plant growth-promoting potential.","authors":"Endeshaw Abatenh, Misrak Kebede, Ebrahim M Abda","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00897-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00897-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant growth-promoting endophytes with combined abiotic stress tolerance and biocontrol capacity are critical for sustainable agriculture. However, the functional diversity of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)-associated bacterial communities and potential trade-offs between stress adaptation and antagonistic activity remain poorly understood. This study characterized endophytic bacteria from seeds and roots of mung bean cultivated in Ethiopia, to identify stress-resilient strains with biocontrol and plant growth-promoting potential. Twenty-eight endophytic bacteria were isolated from seeds (n = 16) and roots (n = 12). Eight representative isolates were screened for abiotic stress tolerance, enzymatic activities, and antifungal potential. Four isolates (GMB R1, R2, S5, S6) showed robust thermotolerance (OD₆₀₀ >0.58 at 45 °C), while others exhibited reduced growth at ≥ 40 °C. GMB R2 displayed exceptional pH tolerance (OD₆₀₀ <15% reduction across pH 4-10), and strong drought osmotolerance (OD₆₀₀ = 0.91 under 40% PEG). ACC deaminase activity was detected in six isolates, and siderophore production in seven. Enzymatic profiling revealed strain-specific specialization: GMB R1 had the highest cellulase activity (index 2.5), GMB R2 highest chitinase (1.6), and GMB S5 highest protease (2.0). Dual culture assays against Aspergillus flavus showed strong antifungal activity. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed GMB R1 as Pseudomonas fluorescens, GMB R2 as Pantoea agglomerans, and GMB S5 as Serratia marcescens. Plant growth promotion assays demonstrated cross-host efficacy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): GMB R1 increased rapeseed radicle length by 149%, GMB R2 enhanced wheat shoot elongation and rapeseed plumule length by 127%, and GMB S5 improved wheat root dry weight by 85% and root length by 77%. Mung bean endophytes exhibit substantial functional diversity, with combined abiotic stress tolerance, enzymatic specialization, antifungal activity, and plant growth-promoting traits. The absence of trade-offs between stress adaptation and biocontrol, together with complementary activities among isolates, highlights the potential of these strains for development as multifunctional bioinoculants suitable for marginal agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A microbiota-substrate-metabolite-target network suggests AKT1-associated links between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and osteoporosis.","authors":"Wenxing Zeng, Yuan Gong, Yitao Liao, Xuanyu Xie, Zhichao Qin, Chao Li, Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00899-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00899-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To build a computational, hypothesis-generating framework that links gut microbiota-related metabolites with osteoporosis (OP) while retaining upstream microbial source and substrate information, and to prioritize candidate host targets, pathways, and modules for subsequent testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metabolites and human intestinal host targets were obtained from gutMGene and structures from PubChem; candidate targets were predicted with SEA and SwissTargetPrediction, and osteoporosis targets from CTD, GeneCards, and OMIM. Shared targets were analyzed by protein-protein interaction networks, GO and KEGG enrichment, a layered microbiota-substrate-metabolite-target network, ADMET profiling, and molecular docking. The candidate hubs were further tested for differential expression in three independent human Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight shared targets were identified, with TP53, AKT1, IL6, TNF, and IL1B among the most connected candidate hubs and no single target dominant across complementary centrality metrics. The layered network comprised 121 nodes and 150 edges and yielded 479 directed candidate paths-a graph-theoretical enumeration of layered connectivity rather than independently validated chains-highlighting tryptophan-indole and flavonoid modules. Independently, AKT1 and TP53 were upregulated in osteoporotic bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (log2FC 1.59 and 1.55; FDR 0.0099 and 0.037), whereas hub expression was weak or heterogeneous in circulating immune cells, and docking offered only qualitative structural plausibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The source-preserving M-S-M-T framework prioritizes candidate multi-target links between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and OP-related inflammatory and bone-remodeling pathways, with AKT1 as one, rather than the unique, candidate signaling hub; independent transcriptomic data provide convergent but cell-type-specific support, and functional validation remains required.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epoxidation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid by whole cells of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum.","authors":"Zia Ud Din, Lívia S de Medeiros, L M Abreu, Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia, Débora Botura Scariot, Francielle Pelegrin Garcia, Jéssica Carreira de Paula, Celso Vataru Nakamura, Taicia P Fill, Edson Rodrigues-Filho","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00895-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00895-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diterpene ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (1) was converted into four oxidized diterpenes, 15,16-epoxy-ent-pimar-8(14)-en-19-oic acid (1a), 15,16-epoxy-17-hydrxy-ent-pimar-8(14)-en-19-oic acid (1b), 15,16-dihydroxy-ent-pimar-8(14)-en-19-oic acid (1c), and 15-oxo-16-hydroxy-ent-pimar-8(14)-en-19-oic acid (1d), when added to Aspergillus sclerotiorum cells growing in liquid cultures, being 1b and 1d non described substances. A. sclerotiorum oxidized the double-bound Δ¹⁵, letting intact the Δ⁸⁽¹⁴⁾, differently from previous studies where another Aspergillus specie oxidized carbons from the tricyclic part of the same substrate 1. Abietic acid (2), a diterpene having two endocyclic C-C double-bounds (Δ⁷⁽⁸⁾ and Δ¹³⁽¹⁴⁾) was used to challenge this putative regioselectivity. The fungus oxidized one of the methyl groups at C-13 in a similar way shown by diterpene 1, producing 16-hydroxyabietic acid (2a). The tblastn analyses of whole-genome contigs indicated that A. sclerotiorum contains an enzyme similar to CYP105A1 from Streptomyces griseolus. The ent-pimaric acid (1) and its derived products 1a-1d were tested for antiparasitic activities against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanozoma cruzi.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy of Nonea lutea-mediated silver and gold nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens harboring virulence and resistance genes.","authors":"Hussein Hayder Jasim, Mehrdad Gholami, Mohammad Ahanjan, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh, Hamid Reza Goli","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00898-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00898-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The emergence of high-level antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, represents a critical global health threat that requires novel therapeutic strategies. The use of Green-synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles is a suitable solution, and Nonea lutea plant, due to its promising phytochemical properties and traditional medicinal uses, can be used for this purpose. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of these nanoparticles on multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates carrying multiple virulence and resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One-hundred clinical isolates of each organism were collected and identified. Antibiotic resistance pattern of them was investigated by disk agar diffusion method. Bacterial DNA was extracted by alkaline lysis method and the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes was assessed using PCR. Then, 15 MDR isolates of each organism containing multiple virulence genes were selected. Green-synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles from methanolic extract of N. lutea were prepared and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated against the isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 15 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the exoU, exoA, bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM and bla_OXA-2 genes, while the bap and csuE genes in A. baumannii and the icaA gene in S. aureus had a 100% frequency. The MICs of N. lutea Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and S. aureus isolates were 0.19-1.56 µg/mL, 0.19-0.78 µg/mL, and 0.19-0.39 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the MBCs of Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles against these isolates were 0.19-1.56 µg/mL, 0.39-0.78 µg/mL, and 0.39-12.5 µg/mL, respectively. While the MICs of Green-synthesized gold nanoparticles was weaker and the chemically synthesized nanoparticles showed limited antimicrobial activity (MIC > 500 µg/mL) under the tested conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles demonstrated promising in vitro antibacterial activity against MDR isolates. However, further mechanistic and in vivo studies are required to fully assess their therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}