International Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Candida attributes under in vitro repeated exposure to hydrogen peroxide.","authors":"Ângela Rita Fernandes, Acácio Gonçalves Rodrigues, Luís Cobrado","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00886-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00886-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal infections have emerged as a significant concern in healthcare, due to the development of antifungal resistance and the limited availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The Candida species represent a category of particular importance with regard to fungi. Therefore, the implementation of infection prevention and control measures, such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) disinfection, is imperative in healthcare settings. In consideration of the existing literature, which demonstrates that repeated exposure to H₂O₂ does not compromise microbial tolerance to the disinfectant, the expression of virulence attributes may be altered under the influence of external selective pressure.The present study aims to evaluate the effect of repeated exposure to H₂O₂ on antifungal susceptibility profiles, catalase production, and biofilm formation on Candida strains in a phenotypic assessment of the microbial behaviour.In previous studies, strains of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. auris were repeatedly exposed to different H₂O₂ concentrations and evaluated for their susceptibility to the disinfectant over 30 days. The present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to H₂O₂ resulted only in minor fluctuations of the antifungal susceptibility of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, but not of C. auris. Repeated exposure to H₂O₂ demonstrated no variation in catalase production or alteration in biofilm formation for the evaluated species.In conclusion, repeated exposure to H₂O₂ resulted in only minor fluctuations in antifungal susceptibility in C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains, demonstrating that utilization of H₂O₂ as a daily disinfectant is safe in relation to microbial adaptation. However, environmental surveillance is advised to prevent the inadvertent development of antifungal resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic analysis of oral microbiota in Chinese children with obesity.","authors":"Wei Wang, Yu Feng, Yuanyuan Wang, Gang Wang, Xiaozhong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00913-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00913-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity represents an increasingly severe global public‑health concern, whose precise etiology remains incompletely elucidated and is likely multifactorial. In addition to genetic and lifestyle factors, mounting evidence indicates that the microbes in the digestive tract play a crucial role in the development and progression of obesity. Among them, the oral microbiota may contribute to obesity through mechanisms such as inducing systemic chronic inflammation and promoting gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the present study, saliva samples were collected from 9 obese children and 9 normal-weight children. Using metagenomic sequencing, we aimed to analyze the structural characteristics and functional profiles of the oral microbiota in Chinese school‑age children with obesity, so as to comprehensively dissect the oral microbiome ecology of this population from structural and functional perspectives. The results revealed that the microbiota diversity was similar between the two groups. At the species level, Dialister invisus, Treponema porcinum, Moraxella sp., Moraxella sp. VT 16 12, Moraxella lacunata, and Moraxella caprae were significantly enriched in the normal-weight group. Conversely, Campylobacter concisus, Veillonella sp. oral taxon 158, Veillonella rogosae, Veillonella sp. S13053 19, Streptococcus ilei, and Streptococcus australis were significantly enriched in the obese group. Functional annotation analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of functional genes associated with the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, beta-alanine metabolism, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, and apoptosis in the normal-weight group. In contrast, functional genes related to biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae, selenocompound metabolism, RNA polymerase, xylene degradation, and dioxin degradation were significantly enriched in the obese group. Correlation analysis further revealed strong positive correlations between Veillonella sp. oral taxon 158, Veillonella sp. S13053 19, Streptococcus ilei, Streptococcus australis and the functional pathways of biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae, selenocompound metabolism, xylene degradation, and dioxin degradation. These observations suggest that the oral microbiome undergoes compositional and functional alterations in children with obesity, implying a potential role of oral microbiota in the etiology of childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of bacteriophage diversity in Ganga river ecosystem: insights from metagenome-based sequencing.","authors":"Annapurna Katara, Sumit Chand, Vijeta Chaudhry, Sagar Vishwakarma, Ramesh Chandra Dubey, Harish Chandra, Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh, Salah-Ud-Din Khan, Saeed Vohra, Nitesh Kumar Poddar, Shahanavaj Khan","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00901-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00901-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water from the Ganga River and its tributaries is the main freshwater resource in the northern parts of India and has experienced rigorous ecological deterioration because of the continuous discharge of untreated polluted industrial and household effluents, resulting in increased chemical and microbial loads of pollution. Water is an essential requirement for millions of people and supports a complex ecosystem that includes a variety of microbial species. Among them, bacteriophages are essential for controlling bacterial populations and the dynamics of microbial communities. The knowledge of the diversity and functions of bacteriophages is poorly understood in the River Ganges. Using cutting-edge metagenomic techniques, we explore the diversity of viruses, specifically the bacteriophages in the river, offering a real picture of bacteriophage populations and their ecological functions. Metagenomic datasets were produced by high-throughput sequencing and were used to determine bacteriophage sequences, viral genome similarity, and potential functions. Initial findings demonstrated a significant degree of diversity among bacteriophages. The results demonstrated three families of phage (Casjensviridae, Rountreeviridae, and Peduoviridae).The bacteriophages of these families were identified to infect a variety of bacteria. The results offer important insights into the bacteriophage ecology of freshwater ecosystems, highlighting the necessity for deeper investigation into phage-bacterial interactions in aquatic environments. Gaining a deeper understanding of bacteriophage diversity and their roles in the Ganges can aid in developing phage-driven approaches for environmental monitoring and management, especially in tackling issues like pollution, eutrophication, and antibiotic resistance. These metagenomic results present a genomic basis for investigating environmental bacteriophage and viruses in sustainable water quality management and the generation of bacteriophage-based therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal formulations selectively target Lactobacillus iners and Candida spp. while preserving Lactobacillus crispatus.","authors":"Francesco Di Pierro, Valeria Sagheddu, Serena Galletti, Alice Casaroli, Sara Soldi, Alexander Bertuccioli, Chiara Maria Palazzi, Roberto Senatori, Andrea Carugno, Maxim Olegovich Antipov, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Nicola Zerbinati","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00906-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00906-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaginal eubiosis is associated with low bacterial diversity and Lactobacillus crispatus dominance, whereas Lactobacillus iners often persists after antibiotics. We evaluated complementary approaches to inhibit L. iners and Candida spp. while preserving L. crispatus. Carbohydrate screening of five strains per Lactobacillus species showed insufficient selectivity. Oleic acid showed the widest susceptibility differential: minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were 0.4/0.8 mM for L. iners versus 1.6 to > 6.4 mM for L. crispatus. After 24 h, a mixture of 0.25% oligomeric proanthocyanidins, 0.05% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 6.4 mM oleic acid yielded counts 4.8 log₁₀ CFU/mL lower for L. iners and 1.4-2.5 log₁₀ CFU/mL lower for four Candida species than controls, while preserving three L. crispatus strains. HeLa cell cytotoxicity increased at 25-100% of the undiluted mixture. Purified monacolin KA showed broader antifungal activity than monacolin K, with a 4.3-log₁₀ reduction in C. albicans counts versus vehicle controls at 50 µg/mL while maintaining high L. crispatus viability. In one patient receiving concomitant M247 supplementation and other treatments, an oil-based prototype was temporally associated with recovery of L. crispatus dominance (96.9%; community state type I). These findings support development of selective vaginal formulations; clinical efficacy and effective, cytocompatible exposures remain to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-Glutamic acid production by lactic acid bacteria from Brazilian fermented foods: screening, optimization, and probiotic-related properties of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCMA 0205.","authors":"Juliete Gomes de Lara de Souza, Angelica Cristina de Souza, Andreísa Teixeira de Castro, Danilo de Menezes Daloso, Rosane Freitas Schwan, Disney Ribeiro Dias","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00905-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00905-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-Glutamic acid (L-Glu) is an amino acid of considerable industrial importance owing to its widespread application as a flavor enhancer and its increasing use in food biotechnology. The identification of novel microbial producers and the optimization of fermentation processes remain essential to improve sustainable L-Glu production. In this study, 142 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented foods were screened for their ability to produce L-Glu. Seventeen high-producing strains were selected for further characterization, and intracellular and extracellular L-Glu production was quantified by HPLC. Among the evaluated isolates, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCMA 0205, isolated from the traditional Brazilian indigenous fermented beverage Yakupa, exhibited the highest extracellular L-Glu production and favorable in vitro probiotic-related properties, including high cell surface hydrophobicity (> 98%) and strong coaggregation with enteropathogenic bacteria (up to 65.71% with E. coli and 65.39% with S. Enteritidis). Fermentation conditions were optimized using a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD). For extracellular L-Glu production, temperature and incubation time were the main factors, whereas pH showed no significant effect. For intracellular L-Glu accumulation, only the quadratic terms were significant, indicating a nonlinear response with a well-defined optimum within the evaluated design space. Numerical optimization within the evaluated design space identified distinct model-predicted optima for extracellular and intracellular L-Glu production: 3.86 mM at pH 5.5, 30 °C, and 48 h for extracellular production, and 4.13 mM at pH 4.69, 35.3 °C, and 72.7 h for intracellular accumulation. These predictions require experimental validation. Overall, this study identifies L. fermentum CCMA 0205 as a promising L-Glu-producing LAB strain and highlights traditional indigenous fermented beverages as valuable sources of microorganisms with potential applications in food biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational systems immunology and multi-scale modeling for the design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) against emerging multidrug-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis.","authors":"Rasha Assad Assiri, Fayez M Saleh, Sher Muhammad, Emmanuel O Fenibo, Tonderayi Matambo","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00903-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-026-00903-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Klebsiella michiganensis, an emerging multidrug-resistant member of the Klebsiella oxytoca complex, has become an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, including bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Owing to its rapidly evolving resistance to carbapenems, new preventive strategies are urgently needed. This study presents a computational systems immunology framework integrating subtractive proteomics, reverse vaccinology, and immunoinformatics to design a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against K. michiganensis strain ATCC 8724. From the complete proteome (5,483 proteins), four proteins associated with the bacterial envelope and LPS-related processes were prioritized as computational vaccine targets: the outer-membrane β-barrel proteins BamA and LptD, the periplasmic LPS transport component LptA, and the outer-membrane lipoprotein LolB. These were selected as non-homologous and antigenic candidates. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, helper T-lymphocyte, and B-cell epitopes derived from these proteins were evaluated for antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and global HLA population coverage. The selected epitopes were assembled using AAY, GPGPG, and KK linkers with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 50 S ribosomal protein L7/L12 as an adjuvant to construct a 386-amino-acid chimeric MEV. Structural modeling and refinement showed 95.6% residues in favored regions of the Ramachandran plot. Molecular docking with the TLR1 component (chain B) of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer predicted a favorable interaction (ΔG = - 14.8 kcal/mol), while a 100-ns molecular dynamics simulation suggested maintenance of the overall docked-complex architecture. C-ImmSim predicted increases in immunoglobulin and cytokine levels consistent with potential activation of humoral and cellular immunity. Codon optimization (CAI = 0.94, GC = 50%) supported predicted expression feasibility in E. coli. This computationally designed MEV represents a candidate for future experimental evaluation against K. michiganensis, requiring further experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbial alterations and functional shifts in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: insights from a northwestern Chinese metagenomic study.","authors":"Jing Lv, Ji-Han Wang, Yang-Yang Wang, Jing Huang, Fen-Rong Chen, Sa Fang, Xiao-Juan Wang, Zi-Tong Li, Yu-Peng Shi, Lei Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00845-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00845-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a significant contributor to lipid-associated pathologies such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, its regulation by host‒microbiome interactions remain insufficiently characterized. While the gut microbiota (GM) is known to influence cholesterol metabolism, its specific role in systemic triglyceride (TG) homeostasis, particularly in non-Western populations, is poorly defined. This study aimed to identify preliminary robust GM signatures associated with HTG and to assess their translational potential using integrated multiomics and explainable machine learning approaches. In a cross-sectional investigation of 50 well-phenotyped adults from Northwest China, we combined 16S rRNA sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and ensemble machine learning (LightGBM/XGBoost) to elucidate the associations between the GM and TGs. Microbial features were rigorously linked to serum lipid profiles through dual-algorithm validation and SHAP interpretability analysis, while functional potential was assessed via KEGG pathway mapping. Subjects with HTG exhibited a distinct gut microbial configuration, marked by consistent enrichment of Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides coprocola (positively correlated with serum TG levels) and depletion of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Lactobacillus salivarius (inversely correlated). Machine learning converged on five exploratory consensus biomarker taxa, three of which were independently confirmed by LEfSe analysis (Faecalibacterium). Functional profiling further revealed the upregulation of microbial starch and sucrose metabolism pathways in the HTG cohort. Our findings establish a preliminary gut microbial signature for HTG patients and suggest context‑dependent associations of butyrate-producing taxa such as Faecalibacterium. By integrating multiomics with explainable artificial intelligence, this work addresses key challenges in reproducibility and mechanistic inference in microbiome research. These results pave the way for novel microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies, including precision probiotics and dietary interventions, to modulate lipid metabolism, pending further validation in expanded cohorts and functional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1209-1227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sundarbans-derived halotolerant Bacillus inaquosorum SWA3TU mitigates arsenic and lead stress in Oryza sativa L.","authors":"Pritilata Adhikary, Sangeeta Banerjee, Barkha Madhogaria, Debasmita Saha, Prasanta Dhak, Atreyee Kundu","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00841-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00841-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of Oryza sativa L. (rice) in polluted agroecosystems is severely affected by arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) toxicity. This study evaluates the efficacy of a novel halotolerant Bacillus inaquosorum SWA3TU (NCBI GenBank Accession No.: PQ097957), isolated from Sundarbans mangrove soil, as a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPR) for alleviating individual As and Pb stress in the IR-64 rice cultivar. SWA3TU demonstrated tolerance to NaCl (up to 10%) and heavy metals (As and Pb up to 150 µg/mL), along with plant growth-promoting traits including IAA production, phosphate and zinc solubilization, siderophore secretion, nitrogen fixation, exopolysaccharide synthesis, and antifungal activity. Under hydroponic conditions at 12 µg/mL (selected concentration) of As and Pb, SWA3TU inoculation significantly reduced toxicity. Compared to stressed controls, it increased biomass by 45%-62%, root and shoot length by 42%-57%, and chlorophyll content by 72%-78%. Antioxidant enzyme activities were elevated under stress and reduced by 31%-43% following bacterial inoculation, indicating mitigation of oxidative stress. Additionally, H₂O₂ levels and electrolyte leakage decreased by 36%-40% and 35%-38%, respectively. A 42%-46% reduction in As and Pb accumulation was observed, along with increased expression of Aux/IAA gene. Although the isolate is halotolerant, salinity stress was not included in plant experiments and is considered only as an environmental background factor relevant to the Sundarbans ecosystem. These findings highlight B. inaquosorum SWA3TU as a promising bioinoculant for mitigating arsenic and lead stress in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1251-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitizing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae using a compact Cascade-Cas3 system.","authors":"Jun Huang, Jiahui Chen, Luyao Huang, Shaofu Qiu, Ligui Wang, Xinying Du, Chao Wang, Zhengquan Yuan, Ping Li, Hongbin Song, Hongbo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00846-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00846-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Klebsiella pneumoniae is a 'superbug' characterized by high virulence and carbapenem resistance. CRISPR-Cas3 is capable of performing large-scale deletions in bacterial genomes. The purpose of this study is to sensitize Klebsiella pneumoniae A324 to carbapenem antibiotics by eliminating the multidrug resistance plasmid pA324-IMP using a compact Cascade-Cas3 system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recombinant plasmids were constructed using molecular cloning techniques. Three sgRNAs targeting different positions within the bla_IMP-38 gene were designed. Recombinant plasmids were separately transformed into host bacteria carrying bla_IMP38 genes. The elimination efficiency of each CRISPR-Cas3 system target was determined by PCR and qPCR. Fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to observe the fluorescence intensity. Bacterial drug susceptibility phenotypes were determined using E-test drug sensitivity strips.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we successfully constructed the high copy number plasmid, the fluorescent plasmid, and the recombinant CRISPR plasmids. PCR and qPCR results demonstrated that the CRISPR-Cas3 system could efficiently eliminate bla_IMP-38 genes, with pCas3-T3 showing the highest elimination efficiency. Fluorescence confocal microscopy indicated that the fluorescence intensity of the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group. Additionally, drug susceptibility tests revealed that the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem and meropenem was significantly reduced. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas3 could enhance the effectiveness of meropenem in killing Klebsiella pneumoniae A324.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the compact Cascade-Cas3 system can serve as a novel tool to eliminate the resistance gene bla_IMP-38 and restore the sensitivity of host bacteria to antibiotics. This strategy shows great potential to combat the spread of the bla_IMP-38 gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae and holds significant application value in the field of combating drug-resistant bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1411-1419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bifidobacterium breve PRL2020 mitigates antibiotic-induced gut symptoms and dysbiosis in children treated with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate.","authors":"Francesco Di Pierro, Andrea Carugno, Elena Baggi, Valentina Franco, Barbara Salati, Fabia Casale, Stefania Soardo, Flavia Palla, Chiara Maria Palazzi, Alexander Bertuccioli, Martino Recchia, Amjad Khan, Maria Laura Tanda, Nicola Zerbinati, Maria Colombo","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00843-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00843-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea caused by amoxicillin (A) or amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) is common in children, and the induced dysbiosis is often characterized by a severe reduction in bifidobacteria. However, bifidobacteria are extremely antibiotic-sensitive, and their co-administration with antibiotics is likely unwise. The B. breve PRL2020 strain is an A- and AC-resistant probiotic. In a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-profit study, we tested the tolerability and efficacy of the PRL2020 strain when co-administered to children (3-12 years; N = 121) undergoing A or AC therapy, attempting to interpret the results obtained by observing the intestinal microbiota in a subgroup (N = 41) of enrolled children. In children treated with the probiotic, the therapy was well tolerated and the incidence of diarrhea was significantly reduced by approximately 70% (p < 0.01). Considering only children with diarrhea, in the probiotic-treated group the onset was postponed by about 15 h, and the symptom lasted 19 h less. Gut microbiota richness was significantly reduced in both groups, without significant differences between probiotic-treated and control children. At the phylum level, antibiotic treatment was associated with an increase in Proteobacteria and a reduction in Actinobacteria, with larger apparent shifts in the control group. Bifidobacteria, particularly B. breve, decreased in controls and increased in treated subjects (p < 0.05), despite not being among the most abundant taxa contributing to the majority of the microbial community. Finally, although only in a trend-based manner, butyrate-producing bacteria decreased less in probiotic-treated children, whereas an increase in succinate-consuming bacteria was observed in controls. Co-administering the B. breve PRL2020 strain with A or AC in children significantly reduces diarrheal symptoms and antibiotic-related dysbiotic status. New blinded, placebo-controlled studies with a more robust sample size for microbiota analysis will have to confirm our data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1229-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148149725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}