International Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanism of salt tolerance ability of novel Desertifilum salkalinema SSAU 7 for sustainable development.","authors":"Neetu Maurya, Abhijeet Sharma, Saumya Jaiswal, Shanthy Sundaram","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00731-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00731-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-term sustainability of food production and the usage of agricultural land are seriously threatened by soil salinization. To combat the salinization, the salt-tolerant cyanobacteria can be a potent candidate. However, it is not yet clear how these microbes work to remediate saline soil. Salinity is a global problem, mainly caused by higher evaporation rate, low rainfall, seawater intrusion into freshwater, overuse of chemical fertilizers, etc. This study examined the effect of various salt concentrations on Desertifilum salkalinema SSAU 7 (SSAU 7), which is isolated from the river Ganges, Prayagraj, India. This study examined the tolerance of microbes by analysing the chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, carbohydrate, and photosynthetic activity. It also includes the activity of trehalose and antioxidants, for the mechanism involved in the tolerance and providing new insights that will help the development of cyanobacteria bio-stimulants capable of ameliorating the adverse effects of salinity. The findings revealed that the strain SSAU 7 has the ability to survive up to 20 gL^-1 salt concentrations efficiently. The study showed that the halotolerant cyanobacterium can not only survive at high salt concentration but also it can help in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) plant growth by secreting Indole acetic acid. With increased germination percentage of seed, stem, and root length, SSAU 7 clearly had a good impact on plant growth. These results highlight how cyanobacteria enormously combat salt stress efficiently and can also promote the production of crops while reducing the negative impact of agrochemicals on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol of pistachio gummosis using encapsulated Pseudomonas chlororaphis VUPF5.","authors":"Roohallah Saberi-Riseh, Fariba Fathi","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00723-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00723-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting properties of Pseudomonas chlororaphis VUPF5 were comprehensively evaluated using a series of in vitro biochemical assays. The strain showed strong enzymatic activities, such as the production of cellulase and protease, which contribute to nutrient recycling and degradation of pathogenic fungal structures. In addition, the ability to solubilize phosphate, produce siderophores, HCN, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) underscores its versatile potential to promote plant health and control pathogens through both direct and indirect mechanisms. To improve the viability and efficiency of the VUPF5 strain under environmental stress, it was encapsulated with a composite matrix of sodium alginate and soy protein isolate (SPI). Structural characterization by XRD, FTIR, and SEM confirmed the formation of a stable, biocompatible microcapsule with high encapsulation efficiency (approx. 84%) and controlled release over 55 days. These capsules protected the bacteria from environmental fluctuations while allowing their gradual release, ensuring sustained bioactivity in the soil. Greenhouse trials with pistachio seedlings infected with Phytophthora drechsleri showed that plants treated with microcapsules had an 87% disease control rate, outperforming both the free bacterial suspension and control groups. Interestingly, even empty capsules showed moderate protection, likely due to the bioactive nature of SPI, suggesting an additive effect in strengthening plant defenses. Overall, VUPF5 is a promising dual-function bioinoculant that improves plant growth and disease control. Encapsulation enhances its survival, release, and contribution to plant resistance, thus supporting sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abiotic stressors influence saprolegniasis infection, causing mass mortality in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Labeo rohita under cage culture in Eastern India.","authors":"Sanjaykumar Karsanbhai Rathod, Manoharmayum Shaya Devi, Asit Kumar Bera, Samikshya Mishra, Basanta Kumar Das, Ritesh Shantilal Tandel, Sanjib Kumar Manna","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00721-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00721-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saprolegniasis is one of the most devastating fish diseases that cause fish mortality in aquaculture in winter season, leading to economic loss to the farmers. The mycotic infection in fish occurred during the winter season in inland open water bodies due to adverse environmental factors, poor culture practices, high stocking densities, rough handling, and physiological changes associated with immune suppression. In the present investigation, we studied the environmental factors for disease progress in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Labeo rohita, characterization of oomycetes, and screening of potential antifungal agents against fish pathogenic oomycetes. Mortality and infection patterns have a relationship with water temperature in the present investigation. We noted that co-habitat infection was found in L. rohita and caused mortality. The presence of certain abiotic factors and susceptible host species led to the outbreak of disease in cage culture. The morphological and molecular identification of the etiological agent was carried out, and the PCR amplicon sequence of the ITS gene fragment showed similarities with Saprolegnia aenigmatica. The optimum temperature required by S. aenigmatica was between 20 and 25 °C for hyphae growth. In vitro assessment revealed that fluconazole (FLZ), boric acid (BA), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were unable to control zoospore colonization at higher concentrations. Clotrimazole and hydrogen peroxide inhibited colonization in 10 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. The present investigation identified and confirmed the causative agent of saprolegniasis outbreak with associated environmental factors and approached to develop antifungal therapeutics to combat infection in the inland open-water bodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating multidrug-resistant uropathogenic E. coli using lytic phages, enhancing antibiotic synergy and inhibiting biofilms.","authors":"Md Shamsuzzaman, Yoon-Jung Choi, Shukho Kim, Jungmin Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00727-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00727-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli), driven by excessive antibiotic use and environmental persistence, poses a major threat to public health. Bacteriophages (phages) have garnered renewed interest as targeted biocontrol agents against such pathogens. In this study, we isolated and characterized two lytic phages, EC.W1-1 and EC.W15-3, specifically targeting diverse sequence types (STs) of MDR E. coli. Both phages belong to the family Straboviridae and genus Tequatrovirus. They demonstrated remarkable stability across pH 2-10 (4 h) and temperatures below 80 °C (1 h), and exhibited potent in vitro lytic activity at various multiplicities of infection (MOIs, 10-0.001). One-step growth curves revealed short latent periods (10-15 min) and moderate burst sizes (64-83 PFU/cell). Genome analysis showed sizes ranging from 37,736 to 123,792 bp, with G + C contents of 35.6%-37.2%, and no virulence or antibiotic resistance genes were detected, underscoring their safety profile. Functional annotation indicated coding sequences related to structural proteins, DNA replication, transcription, repair, and lytic functions. Importantly, the phages maintained partial activity in mouse and human serum and exhibited intracellular persistence in murine macrophages, supporting their biological stability. Notably, combined treatment of phages with sub-lethal antibiotic doses effectively inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC). Moreover, both phages efficiently disrupted biofilms formed by different MDR E. coli STs. Collectively, these findings highlight the strong therapeutic potential of EC.W1-1 and EC.W15-3, offering a promising alternative or adjunct to antibiotics in combating MDR E. coli infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and statistical lipid optimization of an oleaginous soil fungus, Gongronella butleri HMA-10: a promising novel source for sustainable lipid production.","authors":"Adel Eltoukhy, Hassan Mohamed, M A Abo-Kadoum, Asmaa S Ramadan, Hina Khalid, Bushra Iqbal, Chao Du, Yuanda Song","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00718-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00718-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oleaginous fungi, as a vital part of the microbiota in naturally diverse ecosystems, represent a reservoir for biomass-based lipid production. The challenge is the selection of promising strains with cost-effective operation for multiple applications. In the current study, 12 fungal strains were isolated and screened for their oleaginicity. All strains were fermented and accumulated over 20% lipids in their cell dry weight (CDW). After the preliminary screening, one strain was genetically identified as Gongronella butleri HMA-10 due to its maximum biomass (15.8 ± 0.8 g/L) and lipid (40.6 ± 1.7%) yields. Moreover, the HMA-10 was subjected to optimization of various parameters with the help of response surface methodology (RSM) for maximum lipid accumulation. The selected strain was fermented on fructose associated with a combination of sodium nitrite and yeast extract, exhibiting optimum nutritional conditions with a C/N ratio of (40:1). Cultivation conditions (4 days, 27.5 ℃, and pH of 7.0) resulted in the highest CDW and lipid content. Scaling up of HMA-10 in bioreactor fermentation under optimized conditions significantly induced biomass and lipid content (19.5 g/L and 53%), compared with shake flask fermentation (15.8 ± 0.8 g/L and 40.6 ± 1.7%), respectively. Fatty acid (FA) profile was confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) analysis, and the results revealed that oleic acid (OA) was the predominant (46.91%), while palmitic acid (PA), linoleic acid (LA), and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) were found in significant quantities (21.13, 9.67, and 8.06%), respectively. This study employed for the first time G. butleri HMA-10 as a promising candidate for high lipid accumulation with a potential second-generation biodiesel production in large-scale industrialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and microbiological profile of Enterococcus faecium infections in Mexican pediatric patients of a third-level hospital.","authors":"Axel David Briones-Guzmán, Raúl Ramírez-Malagón, María Del Carmen Castellanos Cruz, Magaly Jaquelyne Lara-Garcia, María Isabel Franco-Hernández, Israel Parra-Ortega, Mariana Romo-Castillo","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00719-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00719-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecium (Efm) infections within a tertiary pediatric hospital in Mexico, highlighting the critical need to understand the epidemiology of this opportunistic pathogen in vulnerable pediatric populations. The primary objective is to elucidate the current landscape of Efm infections in children, including prevalent resistance profiles, which will enable the development of efficient control strategies and optimize empirical treatment regimens. A retrospective analysis of clinical isolates of Efm collected over 7 years (2018-2024) was conducted, encompassing detailed microbiological data, including species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and patient demographics. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK 2 automated system and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. Also, the isolates were typified using RAPD. This study's results revealed a significant prevalence of Efm infections among hospitalized children, particularly those in intensive care units and oncology wards. Many isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams, posing significant therapeutic challenges. Finally, the isolates could be grouped into five RAPD types, supporting the idea that the strains have a genetic relationship. This study demonstrates the impact of Efm infections on the pediatric population in a third-level hospital. The high incidence of XDR strains (85%), although only 40% of the isolates are vancomycin-resistant, exposes a serious menace that Efm represents. Additionally, the correlation identified between certain antibiotic resistance patterns may be important for empirical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression analysis reveals genes related to heavy metals and produced water exposure in Synechococcus elongatus.","authors":"Alaa Hassanien, Nisar Ahmed, Borbala Misfud, Hareb M Al-Jabri, Sara Al-Marri, Tasneem Dalgamouni, Maryam Al-Merekhi, Kira Schipper, Imen Saadaoui, Suhur Saeed, Mustapha Aouida","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00715-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00715-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Produced water (PW), a major by-product of the petrochemical industry, contains a complex mixture of contaminants that limit its reuse and pose environmental risks if discharged untreated. Numerous treatment technologies have been developed to remediate this water, with bioremediation standing out as one of the most promising novel approaches. One such bioremediation method is through the application of cyanobacteria, which are able to remove pollutants such as heavy metals from produced water, although the mechanism by which the pollutants are removed is still unknown. In this study, a well-characterized cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus, was used as a model organism to establish a proof of concept for identifying genes responsive to PW exposure and heavy metal stress. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze transcriptomic changes in S. elongatus grown in BG-11 (control) and exposed to 3 mg/mL of iron (heavy metal (HM)) or 25% v/v PW in BG-11. Differential expression analysis revealed that 11 and 67 genes were ≥ fivefold upregulated, and 337 and 27 genes were ≥ fivefold downregulated under HM and PW exposure, respectively, compared to the control. Among the over-expressed genes, the plasma membrane transporter, nitrate ABC transporter permease, was identified, suggesting its important role in the bioremediation process of heavy metals from wastewater. These findings provide foundational insights into stress-responsive gene networks in cyanobacteria and inform future bioengineering strategies for enhancing bioremediation capabilities in S. elongatus and related strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of ZISO-mediated carotenoid biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawil.","authors":"Jia-Yuan Luo, Qian-Xi Zheng, Ibrahim Muazzam Mukhtar, Yu-Chen Xie, Jv-Liang Dai, Ming-Hua Liang, Hao-Hong Chen, Jian-Guo Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00713-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00713-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carotenoids are essential natural pigments, and ZISO plays a pivotal role in their biosynthesis. This study compares ZISO enzyme activity in Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawil to evaluate their efficiency in synthesizing 9,9'-di-cis-ζ-carotene. Bacterial strains lacking ZISO (ΔDsZISO, ΔDbZISO) and ZDS (ΔDsZDS, ΔDbZDS) were constructed, and HPLC analysis revealed the accumulation of 9,9'-di-cis-ζ-carotene in ΔDbZDS but not in ΔDsZDS, suggesting that DbZISO exhibits higher activity. Molecular docking and kinetic simulations further indicate that DbZISO forms a more stable complex with 9,9',15-tri-cis-ζ-carotene, with a binding energy lower than that of DsZISO, where the affinity between DbZISO and the substrate is - 13.09 kcal/mol, and the affinity between DsZISO and the substrate is - 12.13 kcal/mol. These results demonstrate that DbZISO is more efficient than DsZISO in catalyzing the isomerization of carotenoid intermediates. This study provides mechanistic insights into ZISO-mediated carotenoid biosynthesis and establishes a foundation for metabolic engineering aimed at enhancing carotenoid production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to heavy metals and chromium reduction by bacteria isolated from air.","authors":"Guardado-Fierros B G, Lorenzo-Santiago M A, Patrón-Soberano O A, Rodríguez-Campos J, Contreras-Ramos S M","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00716-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00716-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental pollution by heavy metals is a major global concern, necessitating the exploration of sustainable bioremediation strategies. Airborne bacteria represent an underexplored resource in this context. This study investigated the potential of bacteria isolated from bioaerosols for the bioremediation of heavy metals. Nine bacterial strains belonging to the genera Exiguobacterium, Kocuria, Rhodococcus, and Staphylococcus were isolated and identified through MaLDI-TOF analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of chromium, copper, lead, nickel, mercury, and cadmium were determined to evaluate metal resistance. Bioreduction assays were performed to determine the capacity of selected strains to reduce hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in solution. Chromate reductase activity was quantified in Rhodococcus rhodochrous As33. Morphological responses to chromium exposure were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). MIC analyses revealed variable but significant resistance to multiple Heavy metals among the isolates. Bioreduction assays demonstrated that five selected strains reduced from 79.9% to 100% of Cr(VI) within 72 h. R. rhodochrous As33 achieved complete Cr(VI) reduction, as confirmed by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide complexation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Enzymatic analysis indicated a chromate reductase activity of 67.87 U mg⁻¹ of total protein in this strain. SEM and TEM revealed marked cellular adaptations to chromium stress, including pleomorphism, membrane thinning, vesicle formation, and the deposition of extracellular electron-dense precipitates, suggesting active biosorption and bioprecipitation mechanisms. The results highlight the bioremediation potential of airborne bacteria, particularly R. rhodochrous As33, in heavy metal-contaminated environments. Further studies are needed to validate their performance under complex environmental conditions and to support their application in sustainable remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nanomaterials on cellulase enzyme produced by Aspergillus costaricensis and Trichoderma parareesei grown on rice husk.","authors":"Basant G Elyamany, Ali H Ibrahim, Mokhtar S Beheary, Abeer M Salama","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00714-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00714-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapidly developing sustainability raises concerns about the role of nanoparticles in environmental applications; however, the influence of these nanoparticles on fungal cellulase activity remains unclear. The present research assessed the role of nanoparticles as magnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) and zinc oxide (ZnO) on cellulase activity using two selected fungal species. Two fungal species, Trichoderma parareesei and Aspergillus costaricensis, were studied. A pure fungal culture was cultivated for its cellulase production using rice husk as substrate to check the role of nanoparticles in its hydrolytic efficiency. After 4 days of incubation at a pH of 5 and a temperature of 30 °C, the two pure cultures of fungal species proved to be efficient in cellulase activity on rice husk. The cellulase production of T. parareesei using rice husk as substrate was the highest compared to the control and to A. costaricensis. It appeared that nanoparticles significantly enhanced cellulase activity of the two studied fungal species, which are effective in rice husk degradation. The optimal concentration of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was found to be 20 ppm for T. parareesei and 300 ppm for A. costaricensis, while the optimal concentration of ZnO nanoparticles was 2.5 ppm and 7.5 ppm for T. parareesei and A. costaricensis, respectively. At these concentrations, maximum cellulase activity using Fe₃O₄ NPs reached 0.244 FPU/mL for T. parareesei and 0.106 FPU/mL for A. costaricensis, revealing 12-fold and fivefold enhancement compared to the untreated control. Additionally, the treatment with ZnO NPs resulted in higher cellulase productivity, reaching 0.203 FPU/mL and 0.111 FPU/mL for T. parareesei and A. costaricensis, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}