International Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Brucella pituitosa strain BU72, a new hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium through exopolysaccharide-based surfactant production.","authors":"Mouna Mahjoubi, Hanene Cherif, Habibu Aliyu, Habib Chouchane, Simone Cappello, Mohamed Neifar, Francesca Mapelli, Yasmine Souissi, Sara Borin, Don A Cowan, Ameur Cherif","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00540-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00540-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution are amongst the most severe and prevalent environmental problems due to their toxicity and persistence. Bioremediation using microorganisms is considered one of the most effective ways to treat polluted sites. In the present study, we unveil the bioremediation potential of Brucella pituitosa strain BU72. Besides its ability to grow on multiple hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source and highly tolerant to several heavy metals, BU72 produces different exopolysaccharide-based surfactants (EBS) when grown with glucose or with crude oil as sole carbon source. These EBS demonstrated particular and specific functional groups as determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis that showed a strong absorption peak at 3250 cm^-1 generated by the -OH group for both EBS. The FTIR spectra of the produced EBS revealed major differences in functional groups and protein content. To better understand the EBS production coupled with the degradation of hydrocarbons and heavy metal resistance, the genome of strain BU72 was sequenced. Annotation of the genome revealed multiple genes putatively involved in EBS production pathways coupled with resistance to heavy metals genes such as arsenic tolerance and cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance. The genome sequence analysis showed the potential of BU72 to synthesise secondary metabolites and the presence of genes involved in plant growth promotion. Here, we describe the physiological, metabolic, and genomic characteristics of Brucella pituitosa strain BU72, indicating its potential as a bioremediation agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient biodegradation of chlorobenzene via monooxygenation pathways by Pandoraea sp. XJJ-1 with high potential for groundwater bioremediation.","authors":"Lixu Pan, Bo Yuan, Qingqing Li, Ji Ouyang, Jie Yang, Yan Zhou, Changzheng Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00544-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00544-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorobenzene (CB), extensively used in industrial processes, has emerged as a significant contaminant in soil and groundwater. The eco-friendly and cost-effective microbial remediation has been increasingly favored to address this environmental challenge. In this study, a degrading bacterium was isolated from CB-contaminated soil at a pesticide plant, identified as Pandoraea sp. XJJ-1 (CCTCC M 2021057). This strain completely degraded 100 mg·L^-1 CB and showed extensive degradability across a range of pH (5.0-9.0), temperature (10-37 °C), and CB concentrations (100-600 mg·L^-1). Notably, the degradation efficiency was 85.2% at 15 °C, and the strain could also degrade six other aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (o-, m-, p-). The metabolic pathway of CB was inferred using ultraperformance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and genomic analysis. In strain XJJ-1, CB was metabolized to o-chlorophenol and 3-chloroxychol by CB monooxygenase, followed by ortho-cleavage by the action of 3-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Moreover, the presence of the chlorobenzene monooxygenation pathway metabolism in strain XJJ-1 is reported for the first time in Pandoraea. As a bacterium with low-temperature resistance and composite pollutant degradation capacity, strain XJJ-1 has the potential application prospects in the in-situ bioremediation of CB-contaminated sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"355-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic activity between conventional antifungals and chalcone-derived compound against dermatophyte fungi and Candida spp.","authors":"Taiza Maschio-Lima, Thiago Henrique Lemes, Mariela Domiciano Ribeiro Marques, João Paulo Zen Siqueira, Bianca Gottardo de Almeida, Glaucia Rigotto Caruso, Marcia Regina Von Zeska Kress, Paulo de Tarso da Costa, Luis Octávio Regasini, Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00541-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00541-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scarce antifungal arsenal, changes in the susceptibility profile of fungal agents, and lack of adherence to treatment have contributed to the increase of cases of dermatomycoses. In this context, new antimicrobial substances have gained importance. Chalcones are precursors of the flavonoid family that have multiple biological activities, have high tolerability by humans, and easy synthesis. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity, alone and in combination with conventional antifungal drugs, of the VS02-4'ethyl chalcone-derived compound against dermatophytes and Candida spp. Susceptibility testing was carried out by broth microdilution. Experiments for determination of the target of the compound on the fungal cell, time-kill kinetics, and toxicity tests in Galleria mellonella model were also performed. Combinatory effects were evaluated by the checkerboard method. Results showed high activity of the compound VS02-4'ethyl against dermatophytes (MIC of 7.81-31.25 μg/ml). The compound targeted the cell membrane, and the time-kill test showed the compound continues to exert gradual activity after 5 days on dermatophytes, but no significant activity on Candida. Low toxicity was observed at 250 mg/kg. Excellent results were observed in the combinatory test, where VS02-4'ethyl showed synergistic interactions with itraconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin, against all isolates tested. Although further investigation is needed, these results revealed the great potential of chalcone-derived compounds against fungal infections for which treatments are long and laborious.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of two cyclic dipeptides produced by a new desert Streptomyces sp. HG-17 strain against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria.","authors":"El-Hadj Driche, Boubekeur Badji, Christian Bijani, Saïd Belghit, Frédéric Pont, Florence Mathieu, Abdelghani Zitouni","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00533-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00533-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilms requires discovering new antimicrobial agents from unexplored environments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to isolate and characterize a new actinobacterial strain from the Hoggar Mountains in southern Algeria and evaluate its ability to produce bioactive molecules with potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated HG-17, was isolated from the Hoggar Mountains, and identified based on phenotypic characterizations, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the strain were assessed, and the presence of biosynthetic genes (PKS-I and NRPS) was confirmed. Two active compounds, HG-7 and HG-9, were extracted butanol solvent, purified by HPLC, and their chemical structures were elucidated using ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strain HG-17 was identified as Streptomyces purpureus NBRC with 98.8% similarity. It exhibited strong activity against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria. The two purified active compounds, HG-7 and HG-9, were identified as cyclo-(d-cis-hydroxyproline-l-phenylalanine) and cyclo-(l-prolone-l-tyrosine), respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of HG-7 and HG-9 ranged from 3 to 15 μg/mL, comparable to the MICs of tetracycline (8 to 15 μg/mL). Their minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC 50%) showed good inhibition from 48.0 to 52.0% at concentrations of 1 to 7 μg/mL against the tested bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report of cyclo-(d-cis-hydroxyproline-l-phenylalanine) and cyclo-(l-prolone-l-tyrosine) antibiotics from S. purpureus and their anti-multi-drug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria. These results indicate that both antibiotics could be used as effective therapeutics to control infections associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"241-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piceatannol: a renaissance in antibacterial innovation unveiling synergistic potency and virulence disruption against serious pathogens.","authors":"Abdulrahman E Koshak, Mahmoud A Elfaky, Dina A I Albadawi, Hossam M Abdallah, Gamal A Mohamed, Sabrin R M Ibrahim, Abdulrahim A Alzain, El-Sayed Khafagy, Eslam M Elsayed, Wael A H Hegazy","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00532-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00532-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the relentless battle against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, piceatannol emerges as a beacon of hope, showcasing unparalleled antibacterial efficacy and a unique ability to disrupt virulence factors. Our study illuminates the multifaceted prowess of piceatannol against prominent pathogens-Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Notably, piceatannol demonstrated a remarkable ability to inhibit biofilm formation, reduce bacterial mobility, and diminish extracellular enzyme synthesis.Mechanistic insights into piceatannol's activity unraveled its impact on membrane potential, proton motive force, and ATP production. Furthermore, our study delved into piceatannol's anti-quorum sensing (QS) activity, showcasing its potential to downregulate QS-encoding genes and affirming its affinity to critical QS receptors through molecular docking. Crucially, piceatannol exhibited a low propensity for resistance development, positioning it as a promising candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant strains. Its mild effect on red blood cells (RBCs) suggests safety even at higher concentrations, reinforcing its potential translational value. In an in vivo setting, piceatannol demonstrated protective capabilities, significantly reducing pathogenesis in mice infected with P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis. This comprehensive analysis positions piceatannol as a renaissance in antibacterial innovation, offering a versatile and effective strategy to confront the evolving challenges posed by resilient Gram-negative pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"213-225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Enterococcus secretome inhibits the growth of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V853 with their antiproliferative properties and nanoencapsulation effects.","authors":"Hadeer Youssef, Ahmed F Azmy, Hussein M Eid, Ossama M Sayed, Ehab B Eldomany, Ahmed A Farghali, Fatma Molham","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00534-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00534-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In our study, the secretome of the clinical isolate Enterococcus faecalis HY7 displayed antibacterial activity against the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V853. These bacteriocin-like substances showed thermal stability at a wide range of temperatures up to 121 °C, while proteinase K treatment resulted in a total loss of their activity. PCR-based screening for bacteriocin biosynthetic genes revealed that Enterococcus faecalis HY7 harbored multiple enterocin-producing genes, including ent A, avc A, and as-48. The production kinetics demonstrated the highest levels of bacteriocins production at 16 h, whereas the activity was diminished after 32 h of microbial growth. Notably, the partially purified bacteriocins exhibited anti-proliferative activity on the colon cancer cells, Caco2, with an IC50 value of 172.8 μg/mL. Remarkably, the nanoencapsulation of our bacteriocins in liposome showed a fourfold increase in its anti-vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus activity, which is the first report of liposome encapsulation with anti-vancomycin resistant Enterococcus bacteriocin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"227-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dencichine attenuates the virulence of Fusobacterium nucleatum by targeting hydrogen sulfide-producing enzyme.","authors":"Minyu Wang, Weihua Chu","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00539-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00539-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral opportunistic pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum can participate in various disease processes through the metabolite hydrogen sulfide, such as halitosis and colorectal cancer. The object of this study is to identify inhibitor capable of suppressing Fn1220, which is the principal hydrogen sulfide-producing enzyme in F. nucleatum. Through this inhibition, we aim to reduce the hydrogen sulfide production of F. nucleatum, consequently diminishing its virulence. Employing molecular docking techniques for inhibitor screening, we identified dencichine as the monomeric compound from Chinese medicine exhibiting the lowest binding energy to Fn1220 among a set of 27,045 candidates, and evaluated in vitro the ability of dencichine to inhibit hydrogen sulfide production using bismuth chloride method. Additionally, we investigated its impact on key virulence factors, including biofilm formation, hemolysis, and adhesion factors of F. nucleatum, using the crystalline violet method, sheep blood method, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of dencichine on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that dencichine was a suitable inhibitor of the Fn1220 of F. nucleatum, which significantly inhibited the production of virulence factors, e.g., biofilm, hemolysin, FadA, and Fap2 of F. nucleatum and improved the survival of C. elegans. We successfully identified the inhibitor of the enzyme Fn1220, dencichine, which inhibited the production of hydrogen sulfide and attenuated the virulence of F. nucleatum and holds promise as a potential therapeutic avenue for addressing oral diseases, e.g., halitosis in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for growth promotion and phytochemical enrichment in Valeriana jatamansi Jones.","authors":"Ashwani Tapwal, Ajay Kumar, Sandeep Sharma, Yash Pal Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00548-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00548-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal plants are rich sources of pharmaceutically important compounds and have been utilized for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. Valeriana jatamansi Jones, also known as Indian valerian, holds a special place among temperate Himalayan medicinal plants and is renowned for its therapeutic properties in addressing a variety of ailments. The therapeutic potential of V. jatamansi is attributed to the presence of valuable compounds such as valepotriates, sesquiterpenoids, valeriananoids, jatamanins, lignans, cryptomeridiol, maaliol, xanthorrhizzol, and patchouli alcohol found in its rhizome and roots. This study employed various treatments, including the cultivation of V. jatamansi with the inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae, F. constrictus, and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to investigate their influence on biomass production, chlorophyll content, and the accumulation of bioactive compounds in V. jatamansi. The results revealed significant improvement in these parameters in the inoculated plants. The parameters of plants inoculated with F. mosseae were the highest, followed by those of plants inoculated with F. constrictus and a mixture of AMFs. This study not only underscores the potential of native AMF for promoting the growth of V. jatamansi but also elucidates their role in influencing the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The cultivation of V. jatamansi with native AMF has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach, providing the dual benefit of enhancing both the medicinal and economic value of this valuable plant. This research contributes valuable insights into the practical application of mycorrhizal associations for the cultivation of medicinal plants, bridging the realms of agriculture and pharmaceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"385-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus dentisani inhibits the growth of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata: in vitro assay.","authors":"Juan Gerardo Sánchez Medina, José Luis Cuéllar Camacho, Jaime Ruiz Garcia, Alex Mira, Rita Elizabeth Martínez Martínez, Mauricio Comas-García, Arturo Garrocho Rangel, Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Saray Aranda Romo","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00525-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00525-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Probiotic bacteria inhibit aggregation, biofilm formation, and dimorphism of Candida spp. However, the effects of a new probiotic, Streptococcus dentisani, on the growth of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of S. dentisani on the different phases of C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilm development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Growth quantification and ultrastructural analyses were performed on biofilms of C. albicans ATCC 90028, C. glabrata ATCC 2001, and clinical isolates of C. albicans from oral candidiasis (CA-C1), caries (CA-CR1), and periodontal pocket (CA-P1) treated with cell suspensions of S. dentisani CECT 7746. Cell viability was determined by quantifying colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The ultrastructural analyses were done with atomic force microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S. dentisani induced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of CFU/mL of immature and mature biofilm in all strains of C. albicans and C. glabrata. Microscopic analysis revealed that S. dentisani reduced C. albicans density in mixed biofilm. The fungus-bacteria interaction affected cell membrane integrity in yeast.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For the first time, our data elucidate the antifungal effect of S. dentisani on the development of C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms, supporting its usefulness as a niche-specific probiotic to prevent and treat oral dysbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"289-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-delivery platforms for bacterial gene transformation: suitability and challenges.","authors":"Harkamal Kaur, Anu Kalia, Pooja Manchanda, Alla Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00543-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00543-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nano-scale particles (NPs) have gained increased interest as non-viral vectors for nucleic acid delivery due to their ability to penetrate through unabraded cell membranes. The previous studies performed have evaluated the nanomaterials for their microbial transformation proficiency but have not compared the relative efficacy. The present study aims to identify the most proficient nano-delivery vehicle among the chemically synthesized/functionalized non-metal oxide, metal/metal oxide, and carbon-based (carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene oxide (GO)) nanomaterial(s) (NMs) for the transformation of two gram-negative bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The microscopy and spectroscopy studies helped to identify the interaction, adhesion patterns, transformation efficiencies, better delivery, and expression of the target gfp gene by use of NMs. Loading of pgfp on all NMs imparted protection to DNAse I attack except ZnO NPs with maximum by chitosan, layered double hydroxide (LDH), and GO NM-plasmid DNA conjugates. The CNTs and GO significantly enhanced the extra- and intra-cellular protein content, respectively, in both bacteria. However, GO and CNT significantly decreased the cell viability in a time-dependent manner while AuNPs exhibited negligible cell toxicity. Therefore, this study identified the comparative efficiency of metal/metal oxide, non-metal oxide, and carbon nanomaterials with AuNPs as the most biosafe while LDH and chitosan NPs being the most proficient alternative tools for the genetic transformation of gram-negative bacteria by simple incubation method.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"333-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}