International Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the techno-functional properties of lactobacilli strains originated from Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis calves for probiotic potential.","authors":"Sachin Kumar, Nutan Chauhan, Tejshi Chauhan, Sravani Balaga, Nitin Tyagi, Ashis Kumar Samanta","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00641-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00641-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study was undertaken to isolate, characterize, and cluster lactobacilli strains of indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calf origin to develop a species-specific multistrain potential probiotic adjunct. Bacterial strains were isolated from the feces of Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis calves of different breeds, i.e., Sahiwal (SC), Tharparker (TP), and Gir (GC) cattle and Murrah buffalo (MB). The fecal samples were aseptically taken from five healthy calves (5-10 days old) of each breed (a total of 20 animals). Accordingly, 105 bacteria were isolated, 52 of which were catalase negative, Gram-positive, and vancomycin resistant. These isolates were presumed to be Lactobacillus species, and genus-specific PCR was used to confirm their identification. Among the 52 isolates, 22 strains demonstrated greater acid tolerance, while 29 isolates showed superior bile tolerance, with survivability greater than 90%. Fifteen isolates capable of tolerating both acid and bile were further selected, and their identities were confirmed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Cluster analysis of the phylogenetic tree revealed three different species: Ligilactobacillus salivarius (8), Ligilactobacillus agilis (1), and Limosilactobacillus reuteri (6). All lactobacilli strains showed coaggregation with Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Salmonella arizonae ATCC13314. All the isolates were found non-hemolytic and non-mucinolytic. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that L. reuteri GC09, L. salivarius GC12, L. agilis MB08, L. salivarius MB14, L. reuteri SC01, and L. reuteri MB11 possessed the most desirable attributes of probiotics. Based on these findings, these strains could be used to develop multi-strain probiotic adjunct for calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of amoebic liver abscess: a systematic review and meta-analysis from India.","authors":"Syed Muhammad Sarosh Ghalib, Faizeaab Hashmi, Umra Fatima Zuberi, Sana Aqeel","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00645-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00645-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amoebiasis and its extraintestinal manifestation amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is an endemic disease in tropical and subtropical countries. However, no meta-analysis on the prevalence, associated risk factors, and clinical markers has been performed. This study aims to bridge this research gap. Based on our inclusion criteria, 18 studies were selected for analysis. Using the \"meta\" package in RStudio, forest plots, regression analysis, and funnel plots were used to represent the proportional meta-analysis, significance of the correlation, and quality and publication bias of the included studies, respectively. A high prevalence of ALA (67%, p = 1.762 × 10^-15) was noted in cases of liver abscess. ALA was significantly more prevalent in males (86%, p = 2.25 × 10^-8), individuals with poor socioeconomic conditions (75%, p = 0.02496), history of alcohol consumption (63%, p = 1.421 × 10^-8), and diabetic comorbidity (35%, p = 0.01169). There was a significant correlation with abdominal pain (91%, p = 1.286 × 10^-12), infected right lobe (81%, p = 0.002), fever (73%, p = 2.567 × 10^-12), hepatomegaly (69%, p = 1.223 × 10^-5), anemia (69%, p = 1.223 × 10^-5), and jaundice (11%, p = 0005258) in the affected individuals. We conclude that the above-stated risk factors and clinical markers are significantly associated with ALA and suggest that medical professionals in endemic regions must attribute liver abscess to be etiologically amoebic and correlate the disease manifestation with the risk factors and clinical markers. Further, research is needed to better understand disease manifestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity of strains belonging to the freshwater genus Aquirufa in a riparian forest restoration area in Salzburg, Austria, with a focus on the description of Aquirufa salirivi sp. nov. and Aquirufa novilacunae sp. nov.","authors":"Alexandra Pitt, Stefan Lienbacher, Johanna Schmidt, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Jacqueline Wolf, Hannah Wenng, Aharon Oren, Zoe Huber, Martin W Hahn","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00642-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00642-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During a citizen science project, four freshwater habitats in a riparian forest restoration area in Salzburg, Austria, were sampled. The primary aim was to obtain bacterial strains of the genus Aquirufa, a group of typical and widespread freshwater bacteria. Numerous pure cultures of Aquirufa strains could be obtained, three of them originating from the river Salzach, a newly created pond and the lake Ausee represented new species. Strain 1-SAACH-A3^T was characterized by a genome size of 3.2 Mbp and a G + C value of 38.4 mol% and encoded genes predicted for nitrate uptake and nitrous oxide utilization. Strains BAHN-186B^T and 2-AUSEE-184A6 were characterized by a genome size of 2.4 Mbp and a G + C value of 42.4 and 42.2 mol%, respectively, and encoded genes predicted for the light-harvesting rhodopsin system. Calculated whole-genome average nucleotide identity values with Aquirufa type strains resulted in a maximum value of 93.65% for comparison of strain 1-SAACH^T with the type strain of Aquirufa ecclesiirivi, which is slightly under the proposed threshold of species demarcation. The calculated gANI value comparing strains BAHN-186B^T and 2-AUSEE-184A6 revealed 95.76%, thus a value slightly above the threshold. Further analyses revealed that the three new strains represent two new species, proposed here as Aquirufa salirivi sp. nov. with type strain 1-SAACH-A3^T (= DSM 117800^T = JCM 37097^T) and Aquirufa novilacunae sp. nov. with type strain BAHN-186B^T (= DSM 118143^T = JCM 37099^T). Analyses of 123 publicly available metagenomes and a metagenome of the lake Ausee resulted in no detection of A. salirivi sp. nov. In contrast, A. novilacunae sp. nov. could be detected in 15 water samples of rivers, mainly from Asia, but also from North America and Australia. The analyses suggested that the species occurs in most of these samples in low relative abundance, detections derived from metagenomes of water samples from the river Yangtze in the subtropical zone could be interpreted as occurrence in higher abundances.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of different salt concentrations on the morphology, physiology, and antioxidant properties of the rice-field cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus HKAR-21.","authors":"Ashish P Singh, Amit Gupta, Jyoti Jaiswal, Prashant R Singh, Rajeshwar P Sinha","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00638-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00638-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The physiological and biochemical responses of organisms, including cyanobacteria, are greatly influenced by environmental change. Salinity significantly affects global rice output, and cyanobacteria are major contributors to rice productivity. Therefore, in our study, we explore the effects of varying concentrations of three (i.e., MgSO₄, CaCl₂, K₂HPO₄) agriculturally important salts on the biomass, growth, and biochemical status of the rice-field cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus HKAR-21. A significant decrease in the photopigment activity, growth, and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (F_v/F_m) was observed in the cells treated with 0 μM K₂HPO₄ and 0 μM MgSO₄. There was minimum effect on the growth and photopigment in samples treated without CaCl₂ (0 μM CaCl₂). Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) and carbohydrate content were largely regulated by MgSO₄. However, K₂HPO₄ had an optimum effect on all three macromolecular components. Brightfield imaging revealed that each salt had a characteristic role in the morphology of the cells. Additionally, in vitro lipid peroxidation with in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were examined with the help of DCFH-DA and Nile red fluorescence, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the carotenoid was checked by using DPPH and ABTS assays. Our study conclusively highlights that the increasing salt concentration will have a negative impact on the cyanobacterium growth which in turn will affect the productivity of rice paddy fields which is one of the most important crops on which more than a billion people are dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of glutamate decarboxylase (Rv3432c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","authors":"Rupal Rai, Ruchi Paroha, Sandesh Rai, Anirudh K Singh, Rashmi Chaurasia, Nisheeth Agarwal, Megha Katare Pandey, Shivendra K Chaurasiya","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00637-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00637-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamate decarboxylase (Gad), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), consuming a proton in the process and thereby contributing to intracellular pH homeostasis in bacteria. However, the presence and function of the Gad-dependent mechanism in mycobacteria remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize Gad activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We detected Gad activity in live cells of both Mtb and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS). Gad activity and GABA was also detected in cell lysates of Mtb and MS. The gadB gene from Mtb was cloned, expressed, and GadB protein was purified under native conditions using MS as an expression host. Initial attempts to express GadB in Escherichia coli (E. coli) resulted in the overexpressed protein being present in the insoluble fraction and was enzymatically inactive when purified under denaturing conditions. Subsequently, an acetamide-inducible expression system was employed in MS for successful overexpression and purification of recombinant GadB. 6 × His-GadB was purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, and its molecular weight was determined to be ~ 51.2 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified 6 × His-GadB enzyme was active at both neutral and acidic pH. Its activity was found to be PLP-dependent, with optimal activity at pH 7.2 and 50°C. These findings suggest that Gad is expressed in Mtb both in normal and in acidic medium, supporting the possible existence of a Gad-dependent acid resistance mechanism in Mtb.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity potential assessment of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) on green microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. strain GO1.","authors":"Oumayma Ghariani, Jihen Elleuch, Bochra Gargouri, Faiza Fakhfakh, Chiara Bisio, Imen Fendri, Matteo Guidotti, Slim Abdelkafi","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00635-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00635-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the variety of applications for nanomaterials (NMs) and ultrafine solids, their amounts released into the environment is constantly increasing, and their impact on ecosystems and organisms has led to remarkable problems. However, extensive studies on the effects of dispersed ultrafine inorganic metal oxides on algal growth at cellular and genomic levels still need to be performed. We assessed the potential toxicity of two commercial ultrafine inorganic metal oxides, silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO), using the single-celled green microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. strain GO1 as a eukaryotic model. The cell response to commercial inorganic oxides was evaluated at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. An estimation of population growth inhibition levels was made. After 72 h of exposure, the IC₅₀ of SiO₂ and ZnO were 14.50 ± 2.98 mg/L and 56.80 ± 8.3 mg/L, respectively. Genotoxic effects of the studied materials were evaluated by acridine orange staining method and showed DNA fragmentation and morphological changes, including cell shrinkage and chromatin condensation on microalgae cells treated with both oxide materials. In addition, generated cytotoxic effects were evaluated. An inhibition of microalgae growth and a decrease in cell viability were observed. Antioxidant defense mechanisms, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic, were activated in response to materials exposure. We have also proven an overexpression of genes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis and apoptosis. Infrared investigation suggested surface chemical interaction between algal cells and commercial ultrafine inorganic oxides.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic activity of butanamine 2,2-dinitro-N-methyl- synthesized by endosymbiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VITAPRJS1 acquired from horse milk.","authors":"Arnab Chakraborty, Prerona Dutta, Rajshree Amrit, Parry Dey, W Jabez Osborne","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00640-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00640-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endosymbiotic bacteria are known to synthesize bioactive compounds which have biotechnological potentials that enhance immune responses by stimulating the production of immune cells. Horse milk is widely known to have nutraceutical and antimicrobial activities; however, there are no scientific reports on its inhibitory effects. VITAPRJS1, isolated from horse milk, showed non-hemolytic properties and was significantly tolerant to bile salt and NaCl. The isolate also exhibited potent antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The bioactive antibacterial compounds were extracted using dichloromethane and were subsequently purified and identified as butanamine, 2,2-dinitro-N-methyl- through UPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of functional groups such as alkane, amine, and monosubstituted 1,2-disubstituted. The screened bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OR501558) upon 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this study represents the first-time report on the presence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in horse milk having potent antibacterial activity, highlighting its unexplored potential in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal and cytotoxic activities of exopolysaccharides produced by thermophilic bacteria.","authors":"Mehmet Aytar, Demet Yalçın Bingül, Mustapha Touray, Deniz Aktaş Uygun, Gamze Başbülbül","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00644-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00644-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by thermophilic bacteria are natural biopolymers, that have recently garnered attention due to their potential applications in areas such as pharmaceuticals and biomedicine. In this study, EPSs produced by five distinct thermophilic bacterial isolates from hot springs in Turkey were purified using ion exchange and gel chromatography, and the larvicidal and cytotoxic effects of these EPSs were examined. While Geobacillus thermodenitrificans HBB111 produced the highest quantity (650.9 mg mL^-1) of EPS, the protein content of crude EPS samples ranged from 0.3 to 1.5%. EPS111 and EPS261 showed the most effective larvicidal action, eliminating 72% and 62.7% of Ae. albopictus larvae after 48 h, respectively. Among the purified samples, EPS111 exhibited the most significant effect on the proliferation of PC3 cells, resulting in a 68% inhibition (IC₅₀ of 0.23 mg mL^-1) followed by EPS106 in 55% (IC₅₀ of 0.45 mg mL^-1). According to our study's results, thermophilic EPSs show promise because of their insecticidal and anticancer properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of tetracycline by Cladosporium colombiae T1: performance and degradative pathway.","authors":"Yujun Ma, Jihong Wang, Su Leng","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00643-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00643-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbial degradation of tetracycline (TC) represents an effective bioremediation method. An effective TC-degrading strain of Cladosporium colombiae T1 was isolated from chicken manure using enrichment techniques. Response surface methodology was employed to ascertain the optimal conditions for removing TC by strain T1, identified as a temperature of 40.00 °C, solution pH of 6.92, TC concentration of 42.99 mg/L, and inoculum dose of 1.98%. The inhibitory effect of TC degradation products on Escherichia coli was investigated using the paper diffusion method. The results demonstrated that the toxicity of TC degradation products by T1 was lower than that of the parent compound. The shake-flask batch experiments showed that the biodegradation of TC was a synergistic effect of intra- and extracellular enzymes, with intracellular enzymes exhibiting greater efficacy in TC degradation (48.56%). LC-MS analysis identified ten potential biodegradation products, and biodegradation pathways were proposed. This study offers a theoretical foundation for the characterization and mechanistic investigation of TC degradation in the environment by Cladosporium colombiae T1.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and application of soil-amending microbial inoculant for straw decomposition.","authors":"Hao Huang, Jihong Wang, Su Leng","doi":"10.1007/s10123-025-00639-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-025-00639-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current body of research on using composite microbial inoculants in soil to promote straw decomposition, potassium solubility, phosphorus solubility, and crop growth is relatively limited. In this study, we developed a composite microbial inoculant, designated HC-2, through the enrichment of the field with two strains of Bacillus. The agent displays multifunctionality and promotes rot prevention, solubilization of potassium and phosphorus, growth stimulation, and disease suppression. To further investigate its effects on soil fertility and microbial communities, field experiments were conducted. The results led to the identification of the optimal preparation conditions for the HC-2 compound. In accordance with the aforementioned conditions, the agent demonstrated considerable cellulose-degrading enzyme activity, resulting in a 31.5% increase in the rate of straw degradation within 90 days. Furthermore, it exhibited pronounced effects on maize seedling growth and demonstrated exceptional potassium and phosphorus-solubilizing capabilities, and strong disease suppression ability. In conditions of straw return, HC-2 was observed to effectively improve soil fertility and optimize the soil micro-ecological environment, with the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) reaching 536. The abundance of Proteobacteria increased by 10.8%, while that of Acidobacteriota decreased by 10.93% and that of Bacillus increased by 1.05%. Additionally, soil transcriptional functions, signaling mechanisms, and inorganic ion transport metabolic functions were enhanced. This study demonstrates that the HC-2 microbial inoculant overcomes the limitations of single-strain agents and has significant application value in improving farmland soil quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}