International Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Investigating synergistic effects of key medium components and pectin elicitor on taxane fermentation in Neopestalotiopsis vitis: A Box-Behnken response surface methodology approach.","authors":"Hamzeh Rezazadeh, Sepideh Mirzaei Rad, Mojdeh Amandadi, Faezeh Ghanati, Saman Hosseinkhani","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00844-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00844-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taxanes are high-value diterpenoid compounds with potent anticancer activity, notably used in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers. The newly isolated Iranian endophytic fungus Neopestalotiopsis vitis (N. vitis), recovered from native hazelnut (Corylus avellana) tissues, has demonstrated the ability to biosynthesize paclitaxel. However, maximizing its biotechnological potential requires a well-optimized culture system that accounts for synergistic interactions between nutritional factors and elicitor treatments. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) employing a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to systematically investigate the individual and synergistic effects of four parameters-pH (4.0-8.0), malt extract (1.0-5.0 g L⁻¹), (NH₄)₂SO₄ (1.25-5.0 mM), and hazelnut-derived pectin (50-150 mg flask^- 1)-on fungal biomass accumulation and total taxane fermentation. Model analysis confirmed pH 6.0 as the major factor with a significant linear effect on both responses, enhancing biomass and total taxane yield by approximately ⁓1.4-fold and 80%, compared to pH 4.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. Among binary interactions, malt extract and (NH₄)₂SO₄ exerted the strongest synergistic impact on the biomass rate (F = 44.39), resulting in an increase of ⁓27.0 g compared to other combinations. In contrast, the synergistic interplay between (NH₄)₂SO₄ and pectin most profoundly enhanced the total taxane yield (F = 67.98), with an improvement exceeding 1200 µg gFW⁻¹ (fresh weight). Collectively, these findings not only establish an optimized framework for scalable taxane fermentation from N. vitis, but also reveal how precisely coordinated synergies among carbon, nitrogen, and a host-derived elicitor orchestrate fungal secondary metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1299-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148198796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive action of ketamine alone and in combination with antifungals on Candida biofilm formation in catheters.","authors":"Cecília Rocha da Silva, Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá, Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva, Maria Safira Mendes Martins, Maria Janielly Castelo Branco Silveira, Érica Rayanne Mota da Costa, Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral, Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues, Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira, Vitória Monteiro Matos, Vitória Girão Dos Santos, Hélio Vitoriano Nobre, João Batista de Andrade Neto","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00851-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00851-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the repurposing potential of the anesthetic ketamine (KET) as a preventive agent, both alone and in combination with the azoles fluconazole (FLC) and itraconazole (ITR), against Candida spp. biofilms adhering to fragments of peripheral venous catheters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The activity was assessed in vitro through cell viability and colonization assays of impregnated catheter segments, while morphological alterations were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KET, both alone and in association with ITR, significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the adherence of C. albicans to the impregnated fragments. Furthermore, the combinations KET + FLC and KET + ITR frequently exhibited greater efficacy in reducing biofilm viability than the agents used individually, suggesting additive/synergistic interactions. SEM revealed structural damage to the treated fungal cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that KET exhibits preventive activity against Candida spp. biofilms, including on catheter surfaces, and may enhance the activity of azoles, positioning it as a promising candidate for repurposing in the treatment of biofilm-associated fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1433-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal potential of biocontrol agents against Penicillium georgiense causing onion mold in Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Waris, Manzoor Ali Abro, Muhammad Ahsan, Atta Ullah","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00855-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00855-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onion is an important vegetable crop prone to many abiotic and biotic stresses. The blue mold rot of onion caused by Penicillium georgiense (P. georgiense) is one of the most damaging diseases in Pakistan and worldwide. The current study includes the factors that are responsible for losses at a considerable level where onion is being grown, transported, and stored. This study represents the first comprehensive integration of morphological and molecular identification of fungal pathogens isolated from onions (collected from different regions), showing the symptoms of blue mold rot. Standard tissue isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used for morphological and molecular characterization of the pathogen, respectively. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of short-chains of ellipsoidal to subspheroidal conidia, similar to the characteristic morphological features of P. georgiense. Further confirmation was done from sequencing of amplified Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions which showed 97-99% similarity to the P. georgiense species complex. Different biocontrol agents (BCAs) were evaluated against P. georgiense isolates under in vitro conditions, where Trichoderma sp., used as biocontrol agent, expressed maximum antagonistic effect. It significantly restricted the radial colony growth of the test fungus to only 37 mm, compared to control, where the colony reached upto 90 mm. In addition, other biocontrol agents such as Paecilomyces lilacinus (P.lilacinus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) also demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the radial colony growth of the test fungus. These BCAs inhibited the colonial growth to 59 and 67.67 mm, respectively. Based on the findings of the current study, P. georgiense is the significant causal agent of blue mold onion rot at all the studied locations, and can be efficiently controlled by using BCAs, a safe, environmental friendly and sustainable approach in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1367-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148329914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics study of the inhibitory effects of tubuloside A on Streptococcus suis biofilm.","authors":"Ruixiang Che, Yiyang Sun, Jianjun Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00858-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00858-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Biofilm formation contributes to persistent and chronic infections, increases the difficulty of bacterial eradication, and may pose a threat to public health. Clinically, S. suis infection is mainly treated with antibacterial drugs. However, biofilm-forming S. suis exhibits enhanced drug tolerance, and conventional drugs are often unable to eradicate established biofilms effectively. At present, screening traditional Chinese medicine monomer drugs to interfere with the formation of biofilms has become a promising strategy for controlling S. suis biofilms. In this study, the antibiofilm effect of tubuloside A (TA) on S. suis ATCC700794 and the associated metabolic changes were investigated using untargeted metabolomics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TA against S. suis ATCC700794 was determined by the broth microdilution method. The effects of TA were studied using crystal violet staining. The morphology of TA treated ATCC700794 cells was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Differentially abundant metabolites were screened using metabolomics and bioinformatics analyses. The MIC of TA was 64 µg/mL, whereas 1/2 MIC (32 µg/mL) of TA significantly inhibited biofilm formation without markedly affecting bacterial growth under the tested conditions and reduced biofilm structural formation. After treatment with 1/2 MIC of TA, 65 annotated metabolites met the screening criteria, including 23 upregulated and 42 downregulated metabolites. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the metabolic changes in S. suis ATCC700794 after TA treatment were mainly associated with glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, purine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, the citrate cycle, arginine and proline metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. This study provides preliminary metabolomic evidence that TA-mediated inhibition of S. suis biofilm formation is associated with alterations in amino acid metabolism and central carbon metabolism, offering candidate metabolic clues for future mechanistic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1497-1508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148470495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of defensome genes and mobile genetic Elements in different types of pasture soil agroecosystems from the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Luan Filipe de Souza Pereira, Taynara Cristina Santos Tavares, David Tavares Martins, Carlos Willian Dias Dantas, Fernanda Olivia Rodrigues de Souza, Maria Clara Coelho Prazeres, Cristian Faturi, Hervé Louis Ghislain Rogez, Rommel Thiago Jucá Ramos, Oscar Victor Cardenas Alegria, Adriana Ribeiro Carneiro Nunes","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00840-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00840-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Amazon rainforest represents nearly 40% of the world's tropical forests and has undergone extensive conversion to pasture, profoundly altering soil microbial communities. Given that bacteriophage-driven selective pressure shapes bacterial defense systems (the defensome) as well as mobile genetic elements (MGEs), we examined the diversity and distribution of these genetic components in native forest soils and in pasture soils under two management regimes (with and without fertilization) in the Brazilian Amazon. Metagenomic sequencing revealed pronounced differences in bacterial community structure between forest and pasture sites (R = 0.942), whereas phages communities exhibited no significant variation. Pasture soils-particularly those under fertilization-showed higher abundances of functional genes and mobile genetic elements, including conjugative plasmid-associated genes and insertion sequences. Defensome analyses indicated an increased prevalence of retrons and Pycsar systems in managed soils, while a greater diversity of defense genes was observed in non-fertilized pastures. A strong positive correlation was observed between defensome diversity and MGE diversity, suggesting coordinated dynamics between viral selective pressure and horizontal gene transfer. These findings indicate that forest-to-pasture conversion reshapes microbial functional potential and amplifies genetic mechanisms linked to phage defense and gene mobility, with potential consequences for ecosystem functioning and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1161-1176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact-independent antagonistic activity of endophytic Diaporthe biconispora PBS24-3 against Penicillium spp.: dual culture, culture filtrate, metabolomics, and molecular network analysis.","authors":"Ling Yang, Yee Shin Tan, Chia Wei Phan, Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00861-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00861-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of invasive fungal infections remains challenging due to the limited availability of antifungal agents and the rapid emergence of drug resistance. Endophytic fungi, shaped by chemically mediated interactions within plant-associated niches, represent an important source of antifungal activity. Here, we investigated the contact-independent antagonistic potential of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe biconispora PBS24-3 against two opportunistic Penicillium species. In dual-culture assays, D. biconispora PBS24-3 consistently formed stable inhibition zones without direct hyphal contact, and antifungal activity was fully reproduced by cell-free culture filtrates, indicating a secretome-mediated mode of antagonism rather than physical competition. The inhibitory effect was target-dependent, with stronger mycelial growth inhibition observed for P. citrinum (65.97 ± 2.22%) than for P. sumatrense (45.10 ± 4.45%); notably, the inhibition against P. sumatrense was comparable to that of itraconazole under the same experimental conditions. Microscopic examination revealed hyphal distortion and reduced conidiation in treated Penicillium cultures. In parallel, untargeted UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS/MS metabolomic profiling combined with molecular network analysis revealed a chemically complex, multi-component secretome dominated by secondary-metabolite families consistent with antifungal activity. These findings demonstrate that D. biconispora PBS24-3 mediates antifungal antagonism through a contact-independent, secretome-driven mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1477-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting the potential of microbial consortia against sheath blight in basmati rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani.","authors":"Mansi Verma, Shahid Ahmad, Vishal Gupta, Sushil Kumar Gupta, Zakir Amin, Suhail Ashraf, Fayaz Ahmad Mohiddin, Mona Saleh Al Tami, Khalid E Hamed, Mohammed Aladhad","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00842-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00842-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheath blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, poses a significant threat to Basmati rice production, leading to substantial yield and quality losses. Efforts were made to evaluate a microbial consortium comprising Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens against this disease. The compatibility of these strains was confirmed through prior assays, and the consortium was field-tested during the Kharif season of 2023-2024.Seed treatment with the consortium significantly reduced sheath blight incidence (54.08%), intensity (69.99%), lesion length (53.36%), and number of infected tillers (47.30%) relative to untreated controls. These reductions were comparable to those achieved with the chemical fungicide carbendazim, though the fungicide remained the most effective treatment overall. The consortium also improved growth and yield parameters, including panicle length (11.11%), plant fresh weight (15.23%), test weight (20.44%), and yield (49.52%) relative to untreated controls. Additionally, the microbial treatment enhanced key defense-related enzyme activities, with substantial increases observed for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, total phenolic content, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Correlation analysis revealed that sheath blight incidence was strongly positively correlated with lesion length (r = + 0.97), disease intensity (r = + 0.98), and number of infected tillers (r = + 0.95), while strongly negatively correlated with yield (r = -0.99), plant fresh weight (r = -0.97), and test weight (r = -0.88). Defense enzyme activities showed moderate negative correlations with disease incidence (PAL: r = -0.57; TPC: r = -0.58; PO: r = -0.56; PPO: r = -0.57), indicating that higher enzyme activity is associated with reduced disease. These findings highlight the potential of microbial consortia as effective, sustainable alternatives to chemical fungicides for managing sheath blight while promoting basmati rice production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1189-1207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and computational analysis of conserved outer membranes (oprI and oprL) in MDR clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as potential vaccine targets from Lahore, Pakistan.","authors":"Rabia Ulfat, Rasheeda Bashir, Khadeeja Abubakar, Iram Murtaza","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00822-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00822-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant pathogen, highly prevalent in ICU patients and is a rising concern globally. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and virulence of P. aeruginosa has been a major reason linked to the high rates of mortality in both developed and non-developed countries. The study focused specifically on main structural outer membrane proteins mainly oprI and oprL due to their significant role on both virulence and MDR by assessing their MDR from the isolates collected from various healthcare settings in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 65 isolated were collected from different tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Punjab. All isolates were identified and characterized using conventional methods. MDR patterns were assessed through disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI 2024 guidelines. Detection of virulence genes (oprI and oprL) was performed using PCR amplification. Statistical and in silico analysis was performed to analyse the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and identification of potential vaccine targets provide alternative treatment strategies against infections caused by it. Out of all 65 isolates, total of 52 isolates was reportedly positive with P. aeruginosa and showed 100% resistance to β-lactams with high susceptibility to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Multidrug resistance was reported in 70% isolates of P. aeruginosa. All isolates (100%) harbored the oprL gene while the oprI gene was detected in 85.5% of isolates. In silico characterization revealed strong binding B and T cell epitopes with 100% conservancy as potential multi-epitope candidates that warrant further in vivo and in vitro validation to overcome deadly infections caused by P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, MDR and virulence gene characterization by both molecular and computational methods will aid in developing multi-epitope vaccine candidate that can be tested in vitro and in vivo to overcome MDR and rising mortality rates in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1421-1432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 mitigates acute lung injury via immunostaining of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and reduction of IL-17 in lung tissue.","authors":"Giovanna Pinheiro Martins, João Pedro S Cândido, Rubens da Silva Araújo, Jannerson Cesar Xavier de Pontes, Rachel Passos Rezende, Carla Cristina Romano, Adailson de Souza Assunção, Daniele Idalino Janebro, Janeusa Trindade de Souto, Wallace Felipe Blohem Pessoa, Adriano Francisco Alves","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00853-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00853-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition that compromises the lungs and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. In the absence of effective therapeutic options, the search for alternative treatments, such as probiotics, has intensified.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 (Lp62), administered orally in a murine ALI model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty male Swiss mice (N = 30) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): negative control, healthy supplemented with Lp62 (Lp62), ALI, ALI supplemented with Lp62 (ALI+Lp62), and ALI treated with Dexamethasone (Dexa). Lp62 (10⁹ CFU/mL) was administered daily by oral gavage for one week. ALI was induced by intranasal instillation of LPS under anesthesia. Lungs were collected 24 h later for macroscopic examination. Histological evaluation used hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry included anti-TLR4, anti-NF-κB, and anti-IL-17 antibodies. Total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by the Biuret method, and IL-1β by ELISA. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lp62 reduced cell migration, protein exudation, and IL-1β release in BALF, as well as macroscopic lung lesions, and attenuated histological inflammatory infiltration, increasing alveolar spaces. It also decreased TLR4, NF-κB, and IL-17 activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 is a promising therapeutic approach for ALI by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and reducing neutrophil recruitment via IL-17-mediated signaling in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1329-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient cyanide degradation by Aspergillus welwitschiae LOT1 isolated from industrial waste.","authors":"Olusola T Lawal, Samuel T Osunpidan, David M Sanni","doi":"10.1007/s10123-026-00824-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-026-00824-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanide is a potent cytotoxin and neurotoxin largely derived from anthropogenic activities and can accumulate in the environment through industrial wastewater, posing serious ecological and health risks. This study evaluated the cyanide degradation capacity of intact Aspergillus welwitschiae LOT1 biomass under varying physicochemical and nutritional conditions. Cyanide degradation refers to the biochemical breakdown of cyanide into simpler compounds, whereas detoxification describes the conversion of cyanide into less toxic metabolites. Cyanide removal by A. welwitschiae LOT1 was influenced by pH, temperature, substrate concentration, inoculum size, and co-metabolites, with optimal degradation occurring at pH 12 (~ 80% efficiency), 50 °C (~ 36%), and an initial cyanide concentration of 60 mM (~ 75%). Agricultural wastes, particularly corn stalk, enhanced degradation efficiency (~ 84%) compared with refined sugars, while the combination of 40 mM cyanide and 40 mM glucose produced approximately 85% degradation. HPLC analysis confirmed substantial cyanide removal and detected formamide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide as detoxification products, supporting an enzymatic transformation pathway. Although alkaline conditions may contribute to abiotic cyanide loss, enhanced removal in inoculated cultures suggests biological involvement. Future studies should focus on the molecular characterisation of degradation enzymes and on the evaluation of A. welwitschiae LOT1 in pilot-scale and field-based bioremediation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}