International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X最新文献

{"title":"Inhalative polyclonal immunoglobulin G for the prevention of respiratory infections: A comprehensive in vitro assessment","authors":"Rebecca Rittersberger ,&nbsp;Caroline Covini ,&nbsp;Shruthi Kalgudde ,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar ,&nbsp;Franziska Voß ,&nbsp;Janik Martin ,&nbsp;Franziska Magdalena Deuter ,&nbsp;Gabriel Koslowski ,&nbsp;Annabelle Dabbars ,&nbsp;Sophia Salcher ,&nbsp;Marion Blayac ,&nbsp;Jürgen Römisch ,&nbsp;Andrej Murányi ,&nbsp;Jonas Knoch ,&nbsp;Ali Önder Yildirim ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Conlon ,&nbsp;Otmar Schmid ,&nbsp;Sven Hammerschmidt ,&nbsp;Katharina Schindowski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhalation therapy represents a promising strategy for the delivery of biopharmaceuticals for the local treatment of respiratory diseases. Purified polyclonal serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), also known as IVIg products, exhibit a solid reactivity against common viral and bacterial antigens. However, IVIg are usually delivered intravenously or subcutaneously, thus, not at the sites where most infections originate. Accordingly, a respiratory mucosal delivery of IVIg may have the potential to prevent infections at the mucosal barrier. To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of inhalable IVIg for the prevention and therapy of respiratory infections, this study examined nebulization and its impact on protein quality, as well as potential effects on <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. IVIg were formulated with either 0, 200, or 400 μg/mL of polysorbate 80 (PS80). Formulation with polysorbate 80 resulted in less IgG aggregation during nebulization and thereby reduced <em>in vitro</em> immunogenicity. Further, the transepithelial transport was analyzed using two different airway epithelial models, with no effects observed due to either nebulization or formulation. Finally, the efficacy of formulated aerosolized IVIg against <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> TIGR4 model bacteria was assessed. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent binding of relevant <em>S. pneumoniae</em> antigens and efficient dose-dependent opsonophagocytosis of <em>S. pneumoniae</em>. In conclusion, this study indicated the promising potential of inhaled polyclonal IVIg as a<strong>n effective</strong> therapy against respiratory infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of long-acting riluzole transdermal patch against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Mechanistic insights into polyglyceryl-3 dioleate-enhanced drug release and skin permeation","authors":"Yanan Liu,&nbsp;Guixue Chen,&nbsp;Maojian Li,&nbsp;Man Li,&nbsp;Daoxuan Xie,&nbsp;Zheng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) often experience difficulty swallowing, making oral administration unsuitable for effective treatment. A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) offers a long-acting, non-invasive alternative for ALS therapy. In this study, a riluzole transdermal patch capable of sustained release over 72 h was developed. In vitro skin permeation and pharmacokinetic experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of various factors—including drug loading, type and concentration of chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), and type of pressure-sensitive adhesive—on riluzole absorption through the skin. The optimized patch formulation contained 17 % (<em>w</em>/w) riluzole and 10 % (w/w) polyglyceryl-3 dioleate (PGD), with an adhesive layer thickness of 111 μm. The final prescription penetration rate of riluzole was found to be 2.96 μg/(h·cm²). Optimized formulation displayed enhanced stability and prolonged pharmacokinetic performance (<em>C</em>_max = 74.34 ± 13.62 ng/mL, MRT_0-<em>t</em> = 34.91 ± 11.31 h). No significant skin irritation was observed. The role of PGD in the in vitro release and in vivo transdermal absorption of riluzole was thoroughly investigated. The results revealed that PGD not only reduced the interaction between riluzole and the pressure-sensitive adhesive, enhancing drug release but also increased the fluidity of skin lipids, leading to improved transdermal absorption. This study provides a comprehensive molecular-level understanding of PGD's effect on riluzole permeation, offering valuable insights for the rational selection of CPEs in the development of riluzole TDDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hesperidin-β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: A novel approach for preventing and treating acute lung injury caused by seawater drowning","authors":"Jingjing Hou ,&nbsp;Mengdi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zheyi Han ,&nbsp;Wanmei Wang ,&nbsp;Haiying Qiu ,&nbsp;Jingwei Yuan ,&nbsp;Fang An ,&nbsp;Yan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury (ALI) presents a significant challenge due to the lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Hesperidin (Hep) possesses diverse biological activities, including potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its clinical utility is hindered by poor solubility and limited bioavailability. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the modification of hesperidin to enhance its water solubility and expand its therapeutic potential. In this study, an inhalable formulation of Hep-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (Hep-β-CD) was developed as a promising approach for the management of seawater drowning-induced ALI. The cytotoxicity assessment in BEAS-2B cells revealed minimal adverse effects associated with Hep-β-CD. The administration of Hep-β-CD via the pulmonary route has been found to be highly effective in preventing seawater drowning-induced ALI in mice, achieved through modulation of key inflammatory mediators and a reduction in oxidative stress. The study demonstrated that Hep-β-CD administration significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of ALI. Additionally, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased and the levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were increased. In summary, the pulmonary delivery of Hep-β-CD was identified as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing seawater drowning-induced ALI due to its ability to directly distribute the drug to the lungs, where it exerts a dual action of modulating the immune response to reduce inflammation and enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of theacrine and methylliberine with caffeine as salivary markers for determining gastric emptying","authors":"Toni Wildgrube,&nbsp;Stefan Senekowitsch,&nbsp;Robin Krüger,&nbsp;Fabian Winter,&nbsp;Michael Grimm,&nbsp;Werner Weitschies,&nbsp;Philipp Schick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastric emptying is a critical determinant of the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs. A key limitation in studies using caffeine as a marker for gastric emptying is the requirement for prior caffeine abstinence, which can complicate study design and participant recruitment. The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the potential use of the methylurates methylliberine and theacrine as novel salivary markers for the assessment of gastric emptying of non-caloric liquids, in comparison to the established marker caffeine. A Salivary Tracer Technique (STT) was employed in a crossover study that involved twelve healthy volunteers. The subjects participating in the study were under fasted state conditions according to the guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) when they received ice capsules containing either caffeine, methylliberine, theacrine, or a combination of these three substances. Salivary samples were collected at predetermined intervals over 24 h in order to analyse their pharmacokinetic profiles. The results demonstrated a rapid absorption, with maximum salivary concentrations (c_max) reached within 30 min for all markers. It is noteworthy that methylliberine and theacrine exhibited strong correlations with caffeine in their absorption profiles, with Pearson correlation coefficients of <em>r</em> = 0.9973 and <em>r</em> = 0.9865, respectively, during the initial 40 min post-administration. Furthermore, the elimination half-lives (t_1/2) of methylliberine and theacrine were found to differ significantly, with methylliberine exhibiting a rapid elimination profile (t_1/2 = 1.15 ± 0.12 h) in comparison to theacrine (t_1/2 = 21.00 ± 7.55 h). These results support methylliberine and theacrine as promising non-invasive markers of gastric emptying, offering viable alternatives to caffeine that may eliminate the need for abstinence and may allow for more efficient multi-tracer pharmacokinetic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of the nanoporous structure of nickel-based superalloy membranes on emulsification performance","authors":"Daniel Jupke ,&nbsp;Janik Marius Lück ,&nbsp;Joachim Rösler ,&nbsp;Jan Henrik Finke ,&nbsp;Arno Kwade","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoporous structures made from nickel-based superalloy are fairly new and not thoroughly studied membrane materials for premix membrane emulsification. They show a different kind of pore structure than other membranes typically used in this process with a network of elongated, interconnected pores (150–400 nm). Two different membrane structures, resulting from different creep strains, times and temperatures during production, were investigated for their performance in premix membrane emulsification. The membranes were used in a system with a fixed process pressure, varying specific energy input via pressure or number of emulsification cycles. Furthermore, membranes with different manufacturing parameters and thicknesses were used. Both membrane structures achieved monomodal droplet size distributions with median droplet sizes under 500 nm in one emulsification cycle. The results indicate that while all droplet sizes fall within a comparable range, the pore sizes still play a significant role, with finer pores resulting in smaller droplets but broader droplet size distribution that showed minimal further breakup after repeated passes. The larger, more irregular pores showed the ability to further breakup droplets with increasing emulsification cycles, broadening their distribution. The findings also suggest that a pressure increase activates smaller pores that seem to remain inactive for emulsification at lower pressures, facilitating more transport and droplets breakup. Results underscore the critical role of elongational flow at the membrane inlet in promoting droplet breakup. This study strengthens the theory that droplet breakup in premix membrane emulsification requires droplets to be stretched as they enter the membrane, then breakup either spontaneously by surface instabilities when remaining in this elongated state for a sufficient time or deterministically by mechanical stresses such as shear caused by a tortuous channel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of hydrogen and oxidative stress in treating intestinal mucosa from ulcerative colitis","authors":"Na Yu ,&nbsp;Jingwen Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Fan ,&nbsp;Huimin Gao ,&nbsp;Ting Wu ,&nbsp;Yunfeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Li ,&nbsp;Huae Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a diffuse chronic inflammation in the superficial intestine. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the of the colorectal damage. As the anti-inflammation therapy needs to be last for at least 3–5 years, the drugs demand less toxicity. However, current treatments in the clinic are often accompanied by unavoidable adverse side effects. Hydrogen is a nontoxic antioxidant reagent with excellent permeability of biomembranes, which shows the potential in treating UC. A novel simply designed hydrogen storage particle, Magnesium Hydride (MgH₂) particle with an outer shell of passivated Magnesium oxide (MgO), was constructed in the current study to enable the safe and controlled release of hydrogen. This studies demonstrated that magnesium hydride particle (MgH₂@MgO) was effective in scavenging excessive ROS, relieving the inflammation, and reversing the progression of UC through inhibiting the NF-<em>κ</em>B signaling pathway, which provided the experimental evidence for the clinical prevention and therapy of UC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional nanosponges in cancer therapy: Integrating targeted drug delivery and theranostic potential","authors":"Sandesh Ramchandra Jadhav ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Gupta ,&nbsp;Viola Colaco ,&nbsp;Moumita Saha ,&nbsp;Amatha Sreedevi ,&nbsp;Deepanjan Datta ,&nbsp;Sudheer Moorkoth ,&nbsp;Virendra S. Ligade ,&nbsp;Namdev Dhas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality, with conventional therapies often limited by systemic toxicity, poor drug bioavailability, and the emergence of drug resistance. Multifunctional nanosponges represent an innovative nanotherapeutic platform for cancer management, integrating targeted drug delivery and theranostic functionalities to overcome limitations of conventional therapies. These nanosponges exhibit high encapsulation efficiency for hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics and biologics. Surface functionalization with ligands enables selective tumor targeting <em>via</em> receptor-mediated interactions and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for preferential drug accumulation in cancer tissues. Stimuli-responsive nanosponges, endogenous and exogenous stimuli, facilitate controlled drug release within the tumor microenvironment, minimizing systemic toxicity. Theranostically, nanosponges incorporate imaging moieties for real-time visualization <em>via</em> MRI, CT, or fluorescence imaging, enabling concurrent diagnostics and therapy. Advanced designs, such as RBC-membrane-coated or DNAzyme-based nanosponges, co-deliver chemotherapeutic agents and gene-silencing constructs, achieving synergistic effects through combinational therapies. Nanosponges offer tunable physicochemical properties and multifunctionality, positioning them as a transformative tool for precision oncology. Collectively, these advances establish multifunctional nanosponges as a versatile and clinically translatable platform, potentially overcoming current therapeutic barriers and redefining strategies for precision cancer management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of penetration enhancers in transdermal drug delivery systems: Multidimensional exploration from mechanisms to clinical application","authors":"Yanan Liu,&nbsp;Man Li,&nbsp;Daoxuan Xie,&nbsp;Guixue Chen,&nbsp;Nanxi Zhao,&nbsp;Zheng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) have gained significant attention in pharmaceutical research due to their ability to bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism, maintain consistent plasma drug levels, and improve patient compliance. Despite these advantages, the highly organized “brick-and-mortar” architecture of the stratum corneum (SC) poses a substantial barrier, particularly to the permeation of hydrophilic drugs and macromolecules. Among the strategies developed to address this challenge, penetration enhancers (PEs) have emerged as a key approach, offering reversible modulation of the skin barrier to improve drug transport. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the diverse mechanisms by which PEs facilitate transdermal delivery, including disruption of lipid bilayers, alteration of keratin structure, enhancement of drug partitioning into the SC, and lipid extraction. The crucial contribution of advanced characterization techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, in revealing atomic-scale interactions between PEs and SC components is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing amorphous solid dispersions through empirical and hybrid modeling of drug–polymer solubility and miscibility: A case study using Ibuprofen","authors":"Matheus de Castro ,&nbsp;Ana Sara Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Li ,&nbsp;Christian Lübbert ,&nbsp;Catherine McColl ,&nbsp;Jatin Khurana ,&nbsp;Mark Evans ,&nbsp;Walkiria S. Schlindwein","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the solubility and miscibility of ibuprofen (IBU) with four pharmaceutical polymers, KOLVA64®, KOL17PF®, HPMCAS, and Eudragit® EPO, using a combination of empirical and hybrid modeling approaches, supported by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. Traditional group contribution methods based on Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters (Fedors, Hoftyzer–van Krevelen, and Just–Breitkreutz) showed variability in solubility predictions but consistently classified all polymer–API blends as miscible (Δδ &lt; 7<!--> <!-->MPa^½). Bagley plots reinforced these findings, although borderline miscibility was indicated for HPMCAS and EPO depending on the method used. A novel attempt to derive the Flory–Huggins (FH) interaction parameter (χ) from solubility parameters at near-melting temperatures showed poor agreement with experimental data, underscoring the limitations of such extrapolations and the semi-empirical nature of the FH model.</div><div>Phase diagrams were constructed from DSC-based melting point depression data using three modeling strategies: FH theory, the empirical approach by Kyeremateng (with two fitting methods), and the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state, both in pure predictions and with fitted binary interaction parameters (k_ij). The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the mixtures was modeled using the Gordon–Taylor and Kwei equations. All models provided a consistent polymer ranking based on their solubilizing capacity, with KOL17PF as the most compatible and HPMCAS as the least. Demixing zones (liquid-liquid equilibrium - LLE) predicted by FH and PC-SAFT models suggest that for HPMCAS-based ASDs only very low drug loadings (&lt; 5 % w/w) could potentially be stable at room temperature. In contrast, higher drug loadings (&gt; 10 % w/w) fall under a meta-stable zone with the other polymers, making them better candidates for IBU formulation. HPMCAS also exhibited consistently prediction errors across all T_g models, (AARD ∼4.5 %), indicating poorer agreement with experimental data. By integrating empirical and hybrid modeling approaches, this study highlights the strengths and limitations of commonly used solubility prediction methods and advocates for a shift toward a harmonized framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems: A promising approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis","authors":"Ya-Ning Chen ,&nbsp;Meng-Qi Li ,&nbsp;Hui-Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Na-Na Xu ,&nbsp;Yu-Qian Xu ,&nbsp;Wen-Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Guang-Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Jie-Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Wu-Yi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver fibrosis is the predominant pathological feature of chronic liver diseases, affecting the well-being of millions around the world. If not detected and intervened on time during the early stage, liver fibrosis can advance to cirrhosis, hepatic insufficiency, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby endangering human health seriously. Current pharmacotherapies for liver fibrosis have several limitations, such as a lack of sufficient therapeutic efficacy and the presence of adverse side effects. In light of these challenges, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems for liver fibrosis has gained significant traction, owing to their inherent characteristics, including safety, stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Compared to conventional dosage forms, nanomedicines exhibit distinct advantages, including enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery of drugs. The employment of NP systems has quickly gained prominence as a viable strategy for the secure delivery of hepatoprotective nucleic acids and drugs in treating liver fibrosis. This comprehensive review examines the primary categories of NPs and elucidates the targeted mechanisms underlying NP-mediated drug delivery systems specifically designed for addressing liver fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}