International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X最新文献

{"title":"Halofuginone-guided nano-local therapy: Nano-thermosensitive hydrogels for postoperative metastatic canine mammary carcinoma with scar removal","authors":"Runan Zuo ,&nbsp;Lingqing Kong ,&nbsp;Wanjun Pang ,&nbsp;Shanxiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In female dogs, the highest morbidity and mortality rates cancer are the result of mammary adenocarcinoma, which presents with metastases in the lung. Other than early surgical removal, however, no special methods are available to treat mammary adenocarcinoma. Because human breast cancer and canine mammary carcinoma share clinical characteristics and heterogeneity, the canine model is a suitable spontaneous tumor model for breast cancer in humans. In this study, the physical swelling method was used to prepare halofuginone-loaded D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) polymer micelles nano-thermosensitive hydrogels (HTPM-gel). Furthermore, HTPM-gel was investigated via characterization, morphology, properties such as swelling experiment and <em>in vitro</em> release with reflecting its splendid nature. Moreover, HTPM-gel was further examined its capability to anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-invasion. Ultimately, HTPM-gel was investigated for its <em>in vivo</em> anticancer activity in the post-operative metastatic and angiogenic canine mammary carcinoma. HTPM-gel presented spherical under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and represented grid structure under scanning electron microscope (SEM), with hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of 20.25 ± 2.5 nm and <em>zeta</em> potential (ZP) of 15.10 ± 1.82 mV. Additionally, HTPM-gel own excellent properties comprised of pH-dependent swelling behavior, sustained release behavior. To impede the migration, invasion, and proliferation of CMT-U27 cells, we tested the efficacy of HTPM-gel. Evaluation of <em>in vivo</em> anti-tumor efficacy demonstrates HTPM-gel exhibit a splendid anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenic ability, with exhibiting ideal biocompatibility. Notably, HTPM-gel also inhibited the scar formation in the healing process after surgery. In summary, HTPM-gel exhibited anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenic and scar repair features. According to the results of this study, HTPM-gel has encouraging clinical potential to treat tumors with multifunctional hydrogel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000136/pdfft?md5=9b24978aa3117713504a565872d6dea9&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive caffeinated-nanovesicles as adipocytes-targeted therapy for cellulite and localized fats","authors":"Lobna M. Khalil ,&nbsp;Wessam M. El-Refaie ,&nbsp;Yosra S.R. Elnaggar ,&nbsp;Hamdy Abdelkader ,&nbsp;Adel Al Fatease ,&nbsp;Ossama Y. Abdallah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Caffeine (CAF) is a non-selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist which predominates in fat cells. When CAF binds to adenosine receptors, it increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate; inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing fat lipolysis. Resveratrol (RSV) is an antioxidant polyphenol possessing different anti-obesity mechanisms. Topical application of both hydrophilic CAF and lipophilic RSV is limited.</p><p>This study aimed to develop novel caffeinated-resveratrol bilosomes (CRB) and caffeine-bilosomes (CB) that could non-invasively target and deposit in fat cells. RSV bilosomes (RB) were prepared as a non-targeted system for comparison. CRB showed nanosize (364.1 nm ±6.5 nm) and high entrapment for both active compounds. Rats treated topically with CRB revealed a significant decrease (<em>P</em> = 0.039) in body weight. Histological analysis of the excised skin demonstrated a reduction in the subcutaneous fatty layer thickness and a decrease in the size of connective tissue-imbedded fat cells. Kidney histological examination of RB-treated rats showed subcapsular tubular epithelial cells with cytoplasmic vacuolation. This reflects a systemic effect of RSV from the non-targeted RB compared to CRB, which had a targeting effect on the adipose tissue. In conclusion, CAF in CRB significantly enhanced RSV deposition in adipose tissue and assisted its local-acting effect for managing obesity and cellulite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000082/pdfft?md5=965207ea439ea05c29d9d734c2f11dba&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network of regulatory innovations to improve FDA quality assessments of human drug applications","authors":"Russie Tran,&nbsp;Grace Fraser,&nbsp;Adam C. Fisher,&nbsp;Sau L. Lee,&nbsp;Ashley Boam,&nbsp;Stelios Tsinontides,&nbsp;Jennifer Maguire,&nbsp;Lawrence X. Yu,&nbsp;Susan Rosencrance,&nbsp;Steven Kozlowski,&nbsp;Don Henry","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A network of regulatory innovations brings a holistic approach to improving the submission, assessment, and lifecycle management of pharmaceutical quality information in the U.S. This dedicated effort in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) aims to enhance the quality assessment of submissions for new drugs, generic drugs, and biological products including biosimilars. These regulatory innovations include developing or contributing: (i) the Knowledge-Aided Assessment and Structured Application (KASA), (ii) a new common technical document for quality (ICH M4Q(R2)), (iii) structured data on Pharmaceutical Quality/Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (PQ/CMC), (iv) Integrated Quality Assessment (IQA), (v) the Quality Surveillance Dashboard (QSD), and (vi) the Established Conditions tool from the ICH Q12 guideline. The innovations collectively drive CDER toward a more coordinated, effective, and efficient quality assessment. Improvements are made possible by structured regulatory submissions, a systems approach to quality risk management, and data-driven decisions based on science, risk, and effective knowledge management. The intended result is better availability of quality medicines for U.S. patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000112/pdfft?md5=e8c8fe5fc89a8ee9a2360ed20920c21a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140160102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a targeted Palbociclib-Trastuzumab loaded smart niosome platform for treating HER2 positive breast cancer cells","authors":"Shaghayegh Saharkhiz ,&nbsp;Negar Nasri ,&nbsp;Nazanin Naderi ,&nbsp;Ghasem Dini ,&nbsp;Saeid Shirzadi Ghalehshahi ,&nbsp;Fateme Firoozbakht","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present a targeted and pH-sensitive niosomal (pHSN) formulation, incorporating quantum dot (QD)-labeled Trastuzumab (Trz) molecules for the specific delivery of Palbociclib (Pal) to cells overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). FTIR analyses confirmed the successful preparation of the pHSNs and their bioconjugation. The labeled Trz-conjugated Pal-pHSNs (Trz-Pal-pHSNs) exhibited a size of approximately 170 nm, displaying a spherical shape with a neutral surface charge of −1.2 mV. Pal encapsulation reached ∼86%, and the release pattern followed a two-phase pH-dependent mechanism. MTT assessments demonstrated enhanced apoptosis induction, particularly in HER2-positive cells, by Trz-Pal-pHSNs. Fluorescence imaging further validated the internalization of particles into cells. In conclusion, Trz-Pal-pHSNs emerge as a promising platform for personalized medicine in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000094/pdfft?md5=72f0b03793377c22e7fd9492588d41d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationalized landscape on protein-based cancer nanomedicine: Recent progress and challenges","authors":"Zhechen Fan ,&nbsp;Haroon Iqbal ,&nbsp;Jiang Ni ,&nbsp;Naveed Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Shahla Irshad ,&nbsp;Anam Razzaq ,&nbsp;Mohammad Y. Alfaifi ,&nbsp;Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi ,&nbsp;Ali A. Shati ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The clinical advancement of protein-based nanomedicine has revolutionized medical professionals' perspectives on cancer therapy. Protein-based nanoparticles have been exploited as attractive vehicles for cancer nanomedicine due to their unique properties derived from naturally biomacromolecules with superior biocompatibility and pharmaceutical features. Furthermore, the successful translation of Abraxane™ (paclitaxel-based albumin nanoparticles) into clinical application opened a new avenue for protein-based cancer nanomedicine. In this mini-review article, we demonstrate the rational design and recent progress of protein-based nanoparticles along with their applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy from recent literature. The current challenges and hurdles that hinder clinical application of protein-based nanoparticles are highlighted. Finally, future perspectives for translating protein-based nanoparticles into clinic are identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000100/pdfft?md5=2a1875e2e0561c02f64b4fb2ab03e865&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-responsive chondroitin sulfate self-assembling nanoparticles for combination therapy in metastatic cancer cells","authors":"Ensieh Poursani ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cirillo ,&nbsp;Manuela Curcio ,&nbsp;Orazio Vittorio ,&nbsp;Michele De Luca ,&nbsp;Antonella Leggio ,&nbsp;Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta ,&nbsp;Francesca Iemma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we developed self-assembling nanoparticles (LCPs) able to trigger the release of Chlorambucil (Chl) and Doxorubicin (DOX) to MDA-MB-231 cells by exploiting the enzyme and redox signals. The DOX loaded LCPs was prepared by the self-assembly of two chondroitin sulphate (CS) derivatives, obtained by the covalent conjugation of Lipoic Acid (LA) and Chlorambucil (Chl) to the CS backbone. After the physic-chemical characterization of the conjugates by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and determination of the critical aggregation concentration, spherical nanoparticles with mean hydrodynamic diameter of 45 nm (P.D.I. 0.24) and <em>Z</em>-potential of - 44 mV were obtained by water addition/solvent evaporation method. In vitro experiments for the release of Chl and DOX were performed in healthy and cancer cells, using a cell culture media to maintain the physiological intracellular conditions (pH 7.4) (and concentration of esterase and GSH. The results allowed the selective release of the payloads to be detected: Chl release of 0 and 41% were obtained after 2 h incubation in normal and in cancer cells respectively, while values of 35 (in healthy cells) and 60% (in cancer cells) were recorded for DOX release after 96 h. Finally, viability studies proved the ability of the newly proposed nanosystem to enhance the cytotoxic activity of the two drugs against cancer cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000070/pdfft?md5=625bb0fe8f8d17a646ce9861a6328e0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and validation of a custom-made system to measure transepithelial electrical impedance in human corneas preserved in active storage machine","authors":"Marielle Mentek ,&nbsp;Benjamin Peyret ,&nbsp;Siwar Zouari ,&nbsp;Sébastien Urbaniak ,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Papillon ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Crouzet ,&nbsp;Chantal Perrache ,&nbsp;Sophie Hodin ,&nbsp;Xavier Delavenne ,&nbsp;Zhiguo He ,&nbsp;Philippe Gain ,&nbsp;Gilles Thuret","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Corneal epithelial barrier represents one of the major limitations to ocular drug delivery and can be explored non-invasively through the evaluation of its electrical properties. Human corneas stored in active storage machine (ASM) could represent an interesting physiological model to explore transcorneal drug penetration. We designed a new system adapted to human corneas preserved in ASM to explore corneal epithelial barrier function ex-vivo. A bipolar set-up including Ag/AgCl electrodes adaptors to fit the corneal ASM and a dedicated software was designed and tested on freshly excised porcine corneas (<em>n</em> = 59) and human corneas stored 14 days in ASM (<em>n</em> = 6). Porcine corneas presented significant and proportional decrease in corneal impedance in response to increasing-size epithelial ulcerations and acute exposure to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) 0.01 and 0.05%. Human corneas stored 14 days in ASM presented a significant increase in corneal impedance associated with the restoration of a multi-layer epithelium and an enhanced expression of tight junctions markers zonula occludens 1, claudin 1 and occludin. These results support the relevance of the developed approach to pursue the exploration and development of human corneas stored in ASM as a physiological pharmacological model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000069/pdfft?md5=1415dea1eb2579fd72e98a2f249aba2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colon targeting in rats, dogs and IBD patients with species-independent film coatings","authors":"F. Ferraro ,&nbsp;L.M. Sonnleitner ,&nbsp;C. Neut ,&nbsp;S. Mahieux ,&nbsp;J. Verin ,&nbsp;J. Siepmann ,&nbsp;F. Siepmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polysaccharides were identified, which allow for colon targeting in human Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients, as well as in rats and dogs (which are frequently used as animals in preclinical studies). The polysaccharides are degraded by colonic enzymes (secreted by bacteria), triggering the onset of drug release at the target site. It has to be pointed out that the microbiota in rats, dogs and humans substantially differ. Thus, the performance of this type of colon targeting system observed in animals might not be predictive for patients. The aim of this study was to limit this risk. Different polysaccharides were exposed to culture medium inoculated with fecal samples from IBD patients, healthy dogs and “IBD rats” (in which colonic inflammation was induced). Dynamic changes in the pH of the culture medium were used as an indicator for the proliferation of the bacteria and, thus, the potential of the polysaccharides to serve as their substrate. Fundamental differences were observed with respect to the extent of the pH variations as well as their species-dependency. The most promising polysaccharides were used to prepare polymeric film coatings surrounding 5-aminosaliciylic acid (5-ASA)-loaded starter cores. To limit premature polysaccharide dissolution/swelling in the upper gastro intestinal tract, ethylcellulose was also included in the film coatings. Drug release was monitored upon exposure to culture medium inoculated with fecal samples from IBD patients, healthy dogs and “IBD rats”. For reasons of comparison, also 5-ASA release in pure culture medium was measured. Most film coatings showed highly species-dependent drug release kinetics or limited colon targeting capacity. Interestingly, extracts from aloe vera and reishi (a mushroom) showed a promising potential for colon targeting in <em>all</em> species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000057/pdfft?md5=c0b0a088fe205558dd451ddd92066b61&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139733356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and optimization of vildagliptin solid lipid nanoparticles loaded ocuserts for controlled ocular delivery: A promising approach towards treating diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Abd El hakim Ramadan ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M.A. Elsayed ,&nbsp;Amani Elsayed ,&nbsp;Marwa A. Fouad ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Sangmin Lee ,&nbsp;Reda A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Shereen A. Sabry ,&nbsp;Mohammed M. Ghoneim ,&nbsp;Ahmed H.E. Hassan ,&nbsp;Reham A. Abd Elkarim ,&nbsp;Amany Belal ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Shenawy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent cause of diabetic retinopathy (DRP). DRP has been recognized for a long time as a microvascular disease. Many drugs were used to treat DRP, including vildagliptin (VLD). In addition to its hypoglycemic effect, VLD minimizes ocular inflammation and improves retinal blood flow for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, VLD can cause upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, nausea, hypoglycemia, and poor tolerability when taken orally regularly due to its high water solubility and permeability. Effective ocular administration of VLD is achieved using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), which improve corneal absorption, prolonged retention, and extended drug release. Ocuserts (OCUs) are sterile, long-acting ocular dosage forms that diminish the need for frequent dosing while improving residence time and stability. Therefore, this study intends to develop VLD solid lipid nanoparticle OCUs (VLD-SLNPs-OCUs) to circumvent the issues commonly associated with VLD. SLNPs were prepared using the double-emulsion/melt dispersion technique. The optimal formula has been implemented in OCUs. Optimization and development of VLD-SLNPs-OCUs were performed using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). VLD-SLNPs-OCUs loading efficiency was 95.28 ± 2.87%, and differential scanning calorimetry data (DSC) showed the full transformation of VLD to an amorphous state and the excellent distribution in the prepared OCUs matrices. The <em>in vivo</em> release of VLD from the optimized OCUs after 24 h was 35.12 ± 2.47%, consistent with <em>in vitro</em> drug release data of 36.89 ± 3.11. The optimized OCUs are safe to use in the eye, as shown by the ocular irritation test. VLD-SLNPs-OCUs provide extended VLD release, an advantageous alternative to conventional oral dose forms, resulting in fewer systemic adverse effects and less variation in plasma drug levels. VLD-SLNPs-OCUs might benefit retinal microvascular blood flow beyond blood glucose control and may be considered a promising approach to treating diabetic retinopathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000045/pdfft?md5=fbb4415e298afe0eccf06c47aa046056&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139710150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic nanosystem a tool for targeted delivery and diagnostic application: Current challenges and recent advancement","authors":"Nilesh Rarokar ,&nbsp;Sakshi Yadav ,&nbsp;Suprit Saoji ,&nbsp;Pratiksha Bramhe ,&nbsp;Rishabh Agade ,&nbsp;Shailendra Gurav ,&nbsp;Pramod Khedekar ,&nbsp;Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ,&nbsp;Ling Shing Wong ,&nbsp;Vinoth Kumarasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last two decades, researchers have paid more attention to magnetic nanosystems due to their wide application in diverse fields. The metal nanomaterials' antimicrobial and biocidal properties make them an essential nanosystem for biomedical applications. Moreover, the magnetic nanosystems could have also been used for diagnosis and treatment because of their magnetic, optical, and fluorescence properties. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and quantum dots (QDs) are the most widely used magnetic nanosystems prepared by a simple process. By surface modification, researchers have recently been working on conjugating metals like silica, copper, and gold with magnetic nanosystems. This hybridization of the nanosystems modifies the structural characteristics of the nanomaterials and helps to improve their efficacy for targeted drug and gene delivery. The hybridization of metals with various nanomaterials like micelles, cubosomes, liposomes, and polymeric nanomaterials is gaining more interest due to their nanometer size range and nontoxic, biocompatible nature. Moreover, they have good injectability and higher targeting ability by accumulation at the target site by application of an external magnetic field. The present article discussed the magnetic nanosystem in more detail regarding their structure, properties, interaction with the biological system, and diagnostic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14280,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000033/pdfft?md5=cee03f07eda27af8fd23e76f73a2b37a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590156724000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}