{"title":"Analytical Modeling of Chaotic Sampling of Regular Waveform for Random Number Generation","authors":"Kaya Demir, Salih Ergun","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667545","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an analytic approach is taken towards the analysis of a class of true random generators where an irregular square wave generated by a continuous-time chaotic oscillator and a comparator structure is used to sample a regular continuous-time waveform. Numerical and analytic equations for probability distribution have been derived for D flip-flop topology. Kernel density estimation method is utilized to describe bit distribution in the output. Then random bits are generated using analytical formulas and results from numerical simulations. Using the concepts of auto correlation and approximate entropy, the relationship between the regular and the chaotic waveform frequencies needed to generate uncorrelated bit stream have been investigated.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132400425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sparvoli, M. Gazziro, Jonas S. Marma, Gabriel Zucchi
{"title":"Memristor device fabricated from doped graphene oxide","authors":"M. Sparvoli, M. Gazziro, Jonas S. Marma, Gabriel Zucchi","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667547","url":null,"abstract":"Resistive switching (RS) is the basic phenomenon for the operation of resistive memory ReRAM. A specific electrical voltage is applied in the MIM (metal-insulator-metal) device, it can undergo switching from its initial insulator resistance state (HRS - high resistance state) to a low resistance state (LRS). There is a strong relationship between the materials used in the composition of these devices and their characteristics. In this work, resistive memory based on silver-doped graphene oxide was characterized and its voltage response varying as a function of voltage was obtained. SET and RESET are caused by the redox reactions of graphene oxide layer at the interface between electrodes. Defects as oxygen vacancies in oxide material play a key role for the resistive switching. There is another factor that can influence the operation of this device and threshold switching: silver present in the graphene oxide composition could interfere with the filament formation. In summary, the resistive switching behavior of rGO+0.1%Ag/GO+1%Ag/Al device was investigated, which reveals electric characteristics and SET/RESET voltages. In addition, a threshold switching characteristic is revealed.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132046122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Digital Random Number Generator Based on Irregular Sampling of Regular Waveform","authors":"Burak Acar, Salih Ergun","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667580","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing demand for the security of information over the past few decades. Random Number Generators (RNGs) play a significant role in many cryptographic applications for generating unpredictable bit-streams. Despite the fact that Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation of RNGs are usually preferred for their high performance, fully digital circuits implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platforms are more attractive for designers considering their ability of rapid-reconfigurable prototyping, and their easy integration to other digital circuits. In this study, a new improvement based on irregular sampling of regular waveform is proposed for ring oscillator based RNGs. It is subjected to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-22 test suite and it passes full tests without any post-processing. An attack circuit is also implemented to see the robustness of the designed RNG against coupling-based attacks. No effective correlation can be obtained between the outputs of the target and the attack circuit; in spite of, their extremely close placement to each other inside the FPGA chip. The feasibility of the proposed method is given in experimental results.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133002434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo N. Wuerdig, M. Sartori, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans
{"title":"Asynchronous Quasi-Random Number Generator: Taking Advantage of PVT Variations","authors":"Rodrigo N. Wuerdig, M. Sartori, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667561","url":null,"abstract":"Random number generators find application in many fields, including cryptography, digital signatures and network equipment testers, to cite a few. Two main classes of such generators are usually proposed, pseudo-random number generators and true-random number generators. The former are simple to build and use, but cannot be employed in every application, especially in those where randomness is meant to support security. The later can be complicated to build, since they often must rely on hard-to-predict events that are hard to produce in the deterministic world of digital circuits. This work proposes a quasi-random number generator hardware implementation, intended to provide most of the benefits of true-random number generators with costs closer to those of pseudo-random number generators. The quasi-random number generator described here relies on the use of asynchronous circuit design techniques allied to process, voltage and temperature variability to achieve relatively high degrees of randomness. An FPGA prototype demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130052859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Yu, J. Shin, T. Michalka, M. Larbi, M. Swaminathan
{"title":"Behavioral Modeling of Pre-emphasis Drivers Including Power Supply Noise Using Neural Networks","authors":"Huan Yu, J. Shin, T. Michalka, M. Larbi, M. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667589","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the nonlinear behavioral modeling of pre-emphasis drivers including power supply noise. The proposed multiple-port model relies on the use of power-aware weighting functions that control the driver’s output stage to model the pre-emphasis behavior with non-ideal power supply accurately. The weighting functions are implemented using feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs), and the dynamic memory characteristics of driver’s ports are captured using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Practical industrial driver example demonstrates that the proposed modeling method offers good accuracy, flexibility and significant simulation speed-up to facilitate signal integrity and power integrity analysis without compromising intellectual property (IP).","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126204012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pinheiro, J. Silveira, D. A. B. Tavares, Felipe Silva, C. Marcon
{"title":"Optimized Fault-Tolerant Buffer Design for Network-on-Chip Applications","authors":"A. Pinheiro, J. Silveira, D. A. B. Tavares, Felipe Silva, C. Marcon","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667550","url":null,"abstract":"Newest technologies of integrated circuits manufacture allow billions of transistors arranged in a single chip, which requires a communication architecture with high scalability and parallelism degree, such as a Network-on-Chip (NoC). As the technology scales down, the probability of Multiple Cell Upsets (MCUs) increases, being Error Correction Code (ECC) the most used technique to protect stored information against MCUs. NoC buffers are components that suffer from MCUs induced by diverse sources, such as radiation and electromagnetic interference. Thereby, applying ECCs in NoC buffers may come as a solution for reliability issues, although increasing the design cost and requiring a buffer with higher storage capacity. This paper proposes an optimized buffer using an Extended Hamming code to deal with MCUs and enhance the protected information storage, pursuing to reduce the area and power required for ECC implementation. We guide the optimized buffer evaluation by measuring the fault tolerance efficiency, buffer area, power overhead and performance of the proposed technique. All tests included the comparison with a non-optimal appliance of ECC in a NoC buffer. The results show the proposed technique reduces the area and power overhead in buffers with ECC and allows a considerable fault tolerance against MCUs with a small performance impact.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124539914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Prinzie, S. Kulis, P. Leitao, R. Francisco, V. D. Smedt, P. Moreira, P. Leroux
{"title":"A Low Noise Fault Tolerant Radiation Hardened 2.56 Gbps Clock-Data Recovery Circuit with High Speed Feed Forward Correction in 65 nm CMOS","authors":"J. Prinzie, S. Kulis, P. Leitao, R. Francisco, V. D. Smedt, P. Moreira, P. Leroux","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667542","url":null,"abstract":"A fault tolerant, radiation hardened Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) architecture is presented for high-energy physics and space applications. The CDR employs a novel soft-error tolerant Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and includes a high-speed feed-forward path to stabilize the CDR to compensate for an additional pole in the VCO to harden it against ionizing particles. The CDR has a data rate of 2.56 Gbps and uses In-Phase/Quadrature (IQ) clocks in combination with a frequency detector (FD) to increase the pull-in range. The circuit was designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology and has a core power consumption of only 34 mW.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120947774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Oliveira, Julia Casarin Puget, C. Metzler, R. Reis
{"title":"Clip Clustering for Early Lithographic Hotspot Classification","authors":"A. Oliveira, Julia Casarin Puget, C. Metzler, R. Reis","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667548","url":null,"abstract":"Early lithography hotspot detection is critical to improving manufacturing yield. EDA tools have been proposed to detect potentially problematic patterns during physical design and physical verification stages. Considering that detailed lithography simulation has a high computational cost for full-chip scale, the pattern matching method proved to be a fast solution with good accuracy due to a set of pre-characterized patterns as input. It is proposed a clip clustering method for pattern classification in early detection of lithography hotspots. We focus at both clip representation and clip clustering stage that is the major challenge of this method. It was performed experiments on 2016 ICCAD contest benchmark suite, and results show the efficiency of our clustering approach. The algorithm supports both area and edge constrained clustering. Our solution generates on average 9.4% fewer clusters than the contest winner while staying within 16% range on average from the state of the art algorithms. Moreover, Our clustering pattern-driven layout strategy outperforms the 2016 ICCAD winner on runtime by up to 60%.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122871301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfredo G. Tobon, H. Chamorro, F. Gonzalez-Longatt, V. Sood
{"title":"Reliability Assessment in Transmission Considering Intermittent Energy Resources","authors":"Alfredo G. Tobon, H. Chamorro, F. Gonzalez-Longatt, V. Sood","doi":"10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LASCAS.2019.8667564","url":null,"abstract":"Current power systems face different types of problems, such as the balance in the adequacy of the resources, security, grid reliability, complementarity, resilience, stability and economic efficiency, to name a few. This paper deals with the problems in reliability imposed onto the grid by power generation with intermittent energy resources, i.e. wind and solar energy. Power systems with high penetration grid-connected power generators that use an energy source which is not available because of its random nature, are addressed here in terms of reliability for the grid. This paper presents the results of a study done on a reliability test power system that takes into account, first how the system behaves regarding reliability indexes with generation from conventional energy resources (Fossil, Nuclear and Hydropower), Then the system is presented introducing wind power and solar power with an elevated degree of penetration in the grid. The evaluation of the system was performed using computational modelling and can potentially be applied to other test systems.","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131453993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Front matter]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/lascas.2019.8667558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lascas.2019.8667558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142430,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126641035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}